First Assessment of HY-1C COCTS Thermal Infrared Calibration Using MetOp-B IASI

The Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS) onboard the Haiyang-1C (HY-1C) satellite was launched in September 2018. Accurate and stable calibration is one of the important factors when deriving geophysical parameters with high quality. The first assessment of HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared calibration is conducted in this research. We choose the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp-B satellite as the reference instrument, mainly due to its hyper-spectral characteristic and accurate calibration superiority. The brightness temperatures (BTs) from the two HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared bands centered near 11 and 12 µm are collocated with the IASI in the spatial window of 0.12° × 0.12° and temporal window of half an hour. The homogeneity filtering of matchups is also carried out by setting the relative standard deviation (RSD) thresholds on each collocated grid and its neighboring grids. Based on the filtered matchups, the HY-1C COCTS BTs from the 11 and 12 µm channels are compared with IASI. The mean differences of COCTS minus IASI are 2.68 and 3.18 K for the 11 and 12 μm channels, respectively. The corresponding standard deviations (SDs) are also 0.29 and 0.28 K, respectively. In addition, the BT differences show latitude-dependence and BT-dependence. In order to correct the HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared BTs, the latitude-dependent coefficients are obtained to express the relationship between the BT differences and IASI BTs using the linear robust regression. After the BT correction, the biases and BT-dependence of the COCTS original BT minus IASI differences are removed. Further, the SDs decrease to 0.21 K for the 11 and 12 μm channels. Overall, the calibration of the HY-1C COCTS thermal infrared channels remains stable and the accuracy is around 0.2 K after inter-calibration.

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Inter-Calibration of HY-1B/COCTS Thermal Infrared Channels with MetOp-A/IASI

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs10081173 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mingkun Liu ◽

Christopher Merchant ◽

Lei Guan ◽

Jonathan Mittaz

Keyword(s):

Robust Regression ◽

Spectral Response ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

Northwest Pacific ◽

Mean Values ◽

Infrared Radiance ◽

Atmospheric Path ◽

Infrared Radiances ◽

Spatial Window

The Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS) on board the Haiyang-1B (HY-1B) satellite has two thermal infrared channels (9 and 10) centred near 11 μm and 12 μm, respectively, which are intended for sea surface temperature (SST) observations. To improve the accuracy of COCTS SSTs, inter-calibration of COCTS thermal infrared radiance is carried out. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on board MetOp-A satellite is used as inter-calibration reference owing to its hyperspectral nature and high-quality measurements. The inter-calibration of HY-1B COCTS thermal infrared radiances with IASI is undertaken for data from the Period 2009–2011 located in the northwest Pacific. Collocations of COCTS radiance with IASI are identified within a temporal window of 30 min, a spatial window of 0.12° and an atmospheric path tolerance of 3%. Matched IASI spectra are convolved with the COCTS spectral response functions, while COCTS pixels within the footprint of each IASI pixel are spatially averaged, thus creating matched IASI-COCTS radiance pairs that should agree well in the absence of satellite biases. The radiances of COCTS 11 and 12 μm channel are lower than IASI with relatively large biases, and a strong dependence of difference on radiance in the case of 11 μm channel. We used linear robust regression for four different detectors of COCTS separately to obtain the inter-calibration coefficients to correct the COCTS radiance. After correction, the mean values of COCTS 11 and 12 μm channel minus IASI radiance are −0.02 mW m−2 cm sr−1 and −0.01 mW m−2 cm sr−1, respectively, with corresponding standard deviations of 0.51 mW m−2 cm sr−1 and 0.57 mW m−2 cm sr−1. Striped noise is present in COCTS original radiance imagery associated with inconsistency among the four detectors, and inter-calibration is shown to reduce, although not eliminate, the striping. The calibration accuracy of COCTS is improved after inter-calibration, which is potentially useful for improving COCTS SST accuracy in the future.

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A behavior genetic analysis of the relationship between humor styles and depression

Humor - International Journal of Humor Research ◽

10.1515/humor-2017-0098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 417-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marisa L. Kfrerer ◽

Nicholas G. Martin ◽

Julie Aitken Schermer

Keyword(s):

Monozygotic Twin ◽

Archival Data ◽

Dizygotic Twin ◽

Humor Styles ◽

Environmental Correlations ◽

Depressed Affect ◽

Humor Style ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The present study examined the relationship between humor styles and depression using two methods of examination: (1) the mean humor style differences between individuals who reported that they had been diagnosed with depression versus those who did not report being depressed; and (2) the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between humor styles and a short scale assessing depressed affect created from preexisting measures in archival data. Participants were 1154 adult Australians, consisting of 339 monozygotic twin pairs and 238 dizygotic twin pairs. With respect to mean differences, depressed individuals were found to use self-defeating humor more and self-enhancing humor less than non-depressed adults. When the depressed affect scale score was analyzed, negative correlations were found with both affiliative and self-enhancing humor. A positive correlation was found between depressed affect and both aggressive and self-defeating humor. These phenotypic correlations were also found to have some significant genetic and environmental correlations.

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The Theoretical Relationship between Item Difficulty and The “In Doubt” Response in Music Tests

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.2307/3344967 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 163-172

Author(s):

Neil A. Levendusky

Keyword(s):

Item Difficulty ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

Music Literacy ◽

Theoretical Relationship ◽

Musical Aptitude ◽

Fourth Grade Students ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

The Relationship

The Musical Aptitude Profile (MAP) and the Iowa Tests of Music Literacy (ITML) were administered to 90 fourth-grade students to investigate the theoretical validity of the relationship between use of the “in doubt” response and item difficulty. The purpose of the study was to question Gordon's (the author of the test battery) theory that the use of the “in doubt” response increases as item difficulty increases. Statistically significant correlations between use of the “in doubt” response and item difficulty were found for all total tests of both batteries, the ITML Tonal subtest, Reading Recognition, and the MAP Tonal subtest, Harmony. No significant correlation coefficients were found for any of the Rhythm subtests. When the mean use of the “in doubt” response for items of extreme difficulty-very easy and very difficult—were compared, all mean differences were statistically significant except for the MAP Rhythm subtest, Meter, and the ITML Tonal subtest, Aural Perception.

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TEST ANXIETY AND EDUCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

10.36106/ijar/8012467 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

U. L. Bhuvaneswari

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Test Anxiety ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Engineering Students ◽

High Anxiety ◽

Adjustment To College ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

The Relationship ◽

Very High

Students in their college years confront many obstacles. One of the main problems they face is how to deal with anxiety especially study anxiety, which in turn affect their adjustment to college (Vitasari, Wahab, Othman, Herawan and Sinnadurai, 2010). Hence, the present study was done to nd the differences in Test anxiety and Educational adjustment of the Engineering students and arts students and to nd the relationship between them. Using purposive sampling, 70 students [35 arts and 35 engineering] were selected. Test Anxiety Scale and Educational Adjustment sub-scale of the Adjustment inventory for college students by Sinha and Singh were the tools used. It was found that None of the students had Excellent Education Adjustment. 50% of the sample had Unsatisfactory Educational Adjustment and 11% of the sample had very unsatisfactory adjustment. The mean differences in Educational adjustment (t= 0.248) and Test Anxiety (t= 0.635) of the Engineering and Arts students was not statistically signicant. Very High Anxiety was present in 7% of the samples and 13% had High Anxiety. Moderate Anxiety was found in 40% and low Anxiety in 4% of the sample. The correlation between Educational Adjustment and Test Anxiety (r=-0.04489) indicated a weak and non-signicant negative correlation.

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Assessment of Global FY-3C/VIRR Sea Surface Temperature

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13163249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3249

Author(s):

Ninghui Li ◽

Sujuan Wang ◽

Lei Guan ◽

Mingkun Liu

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Sea Surface Temperature ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Comparison Results ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Spatial Window ◽

Meteorological Satellite ◽

Buoy Measurements ◽

Infrared Radiometer

Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) is a second-generation meteorological satellite of China that was launched on 23 September 2013. The on board Visible and Infrared Radiometer (VIRR) can be used to observe global sea surface temperature (SST). In this paper, the VIRR SST products are compared with MODIS SST products and buoy measurements from 2015 to 2019. The collocations of VIRR, MODIS, and buoy SST are generated separately during the day and night with the spatial window of 0.05° × 0.05°. The comparison results show that the biases of VIRR SST minus buoy SST during the day and night are −0.21 and −0.13 °C with a corresponding robust standard deviation (RSD) of 0.58 and 0.59 °C, respectively. The mean differences between VIRR and MODIS are −0.10 and 0.08 °C with RSDs of 0.53 and 0.58 °C for the daytime and nighttime, respectively. The consistency of VIRR SST accuracy from 2015 to 2019 and the dependence of VIRR SST error on SST and latitude are also investigated.

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Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648132 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (03) ◽

pp. 263-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A M H P van den Besselaar ◽

R M Bertina

Keyword(s):

Reference Material ◽

Standard Error ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Significant Bias ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i04.8539 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Shivananda B Nayak ◽

Dharindra Sawh ◽

Brandon Scott ◽

Vestra Sears ◽

Kareshma Seebalack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Cardiac Biomarkers ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Short Term ◽

Double Blind ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

The Mean ◽

Design And Methods ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

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Correlation between fundus autofluorescence and visual function in patients with cone-rod dystrophy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81597-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Satoru Kanda ◽

Takumi Hara ◽

Ryosuke Fujino ◽

Keiko Azuma ◽

Hirotsugu Soga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Fundus Autofluorescence ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Wide Field ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

Field Imaging

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between autofluorescence (AF) signal measured with ultra-wide field imaging and visual functions in patients with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD). A retrospective chart review was performed for CORD patients. We performed the visual field test and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) measurement and visualized retinal structures with optical coherence tomography (OCT) on the same day. Using binarised FAF images, we identified a low FAF area ratio (LFAR: low FAF/30°). Relationships between age and logMAR visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), mean deviation (MD) value, and LFAR were investigated. Thirty-seven eyes of 21 CORD patients (8 men and 13 women) were enrolled. The mean patient age was 49.8 years. LogMAR VA and MD were 0.52 ± 0.47 and − 17.91 ± 10.59 dB, respectively. There was a significant relationship between logMAR VA and MD (p = 0.001). LogMAR VA significantly correlated with CRT (p = 0.006) but not with other parameters. Conversely, univariate analysis suggested a significant relationship between MD and LFAR (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, LFAR was significantly associated with MD (p = 0.002). In conclusion, it is useful to measure the low FAF area in patients with CORD. The AF measurement reflects the visual field deterioration but not VA in CORD.

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Heart Rate and Neurological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/0885066620982502 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088506662098250

Author(s):

Chad M. Conner ◽

William H. Perucki ◽

Andre Gabriel ◽

David M. O’Sullivan ◽

Antonio B. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Positive Association ◽

Targeted Temperature Management ◽

Temperature Management ◽

Neurological Outcomes ◽

Neurologic Outcomes ◽

Resuscitation Guidelines ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: There is a paucity of data evaluating the impact of heart rate (HR) during Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) and neurologic outcomes. Current resuscitation guidelines do not specify a HR goal during TTM. We sought to determine the relationship between HR and neurologic outcomes in a single-center registry dataset. Methods: We retrospectively studied 432 consecutive patients who completed TTM (33°C) after cardiac arrest from 2008 to 2017. We evaluated the relationship between neurologic outcomes and HR during TTM. Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at discharge were used to determine neurological recovery. Statistical analysis included chi square, Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U. A logistic regression model was created to evaluate the strength of contribution of selected variables on the outcome of interest. Results: Approximately 94,000 HR data points from 432 patients were retrospectively analyzed; the mean HR was 82.17 bpm over the duration of TTM. Favorable neurological outcomes were seen in 160 (37%) patients. The mean HR in the patients with a favorable outcome was lower than the mean HR of those with an unfavorable outcome (79.98 bpm vs 85.67 bpm p < 0.001). Patients with an average HR of 60-91 bpm were 2.4 times more likely to have a favorable neurological outcome compared to than HR’s < 60 or > 91 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-3.46, p < 0.001). Specifically, mean HR’s in the 73-82 bpm range had the greatest rate of favorable outcomes (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.95-6.50), p < 0.001. Administration of epinephrine, a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension all were associated with worse neurological outcomes independent of HR. Conclusion: During TTM, mean HRs between 60-91 showed a positive association with favorable outcomes. It is unclear whether a specific HR should be targeted during TTM or if heart rates between 60-91 bpm might be a sign of less neurological damage.

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Relationship between 24-h venous blood glucose variation and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87409-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoling Zhang ◽

Jingjing Zhang ◽

Jiamei Li ◽

Ya Gao ◽

Ruohan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Respiratory Failure ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Acute Respiratory Failure ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Icu Mortality ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

AbstractEvidence indicates that glucose variation (GV) plays an important role in mortality of critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the coefficient of variation of 24-h venous blood glucose (24-hVBGCV) and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure. The records of 1625 patients in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) database were extracted. The 24-hVBGCV was calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation (SD) to the mean venous blood glucose level, expressed as a percentage. The outcomes included ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality. Participants were divided into three subgroups based on tertiles of 24-hVBGCV. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between 24-hVBGCV and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were also performed in groups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Taking the lowest tertile as a reference, after adjustment for all the covariates, the highest tertile was significantly associated with ICU mortality [odds ratio (OR), 1.353; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.018–1.797] and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.319; 95% CI, 1.003–1.735), especially in the population without diabetes. The 24-hVBGCV may be associated with ICU and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure in the ICU, especially in those without diabetes.

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