A Framework for Discussing Normative Theories of Business Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Douglas Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Business People ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
Stockholder Theory

Abstract:This paper carries forward the conceptual clarification of normative theories of business ethics ably begun by Hasnas in the January 1998 issue of BEQ. This paper proposes a normatively neutral framework for discussing and assessing such normative theories. Every normative theory needs to address these seven issues: it needs to specify a moral principle that identifies (1) recommended values and (2) the grounds for accepting those values. It also must specify (3) a decision principle that business people who accept the theory can use. It must determine (4) who the normative theory applies to and (5) whose interests need to be considered. It must also outline (6) in what contexts it applies, and (7) what legal and regulatory structures it assumes. Once clarified, this paper applies the framework to the normative versions of stockholder theory, stakeholder theory, and ISCT. It is concluded that ISCT is the most promising normative theory currently under discussion, but that there are some major issues that ISCT has not dealt with yet.

The Normative Theories of Business Ethics: A Guide for the Perplexed

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hasnas
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stockholder Theory

Abstract:The three leading normative theories of business ethics are the stockholder theory, the stakeholder theory, and the social contract theory. Currently, the stockholder theory is somewhat out of favor with many members of the business ethics community. The stakeholder theory, in contrast, is widely accepted, and the social contract theory appears to be gaining increasing adherents. In this article, I undertake a critical review of the supporting arguments for each of the theories, and argue that the stockholder theory is neither as outdated nor as flawed as it is sometimes made to seem and that there are significant problems with the grounding of both the stakeholder and social contract theory. I conclude by suggesting that a truly adequate normative theory of business ethics must ultimately be grounded in individual consent.

Upping the Stakes: A Response to John Hasnas on the Normative Viability of the Stockholder and Stakeholder Theories

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Core ◽  
Stockholder Theory ◽  
Normative Considerations

Abstract:This essay responds to Hasnas’s recent article “The Normative Theories of Business Ethics: A Guide for the Perplexed” in Business Ethics Quarterly. Hasnas claims that the stockholder theory is more plausible than commonly supposed and that the stakeholder theory is prone to significant difficulties. I argue that Hasnas’s reasons for favoring the stockholder over the stakeholder theory are not as strong as he suggests. Following Hasnas, I examine both theories in light of two sets of normative considerations: utilitarian and deontological. First, I show that utilitarian considerations clearly favor the stakeholder theory. I then argue that though Hasnas rightly accents the basic deontological constraint at the core of the stockholder theory, he is wrong to think that acknowledging such a constraint necessarily counts against the stakeholder theory. Here, I develop Ross’s notion of prima facie obligations to show how a viable stakeholder theory might be developed within a deontological framework.

KONSEP DAN IMPLEMENTASI ETIKA ISLAM DALAM DUNIA BISNIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatima Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Business Ethic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Business People ◽  
Islamic Business Ethics ◽  
The Right

Indeed, in terms of the whole implementation of life has been arranged in the view of Islamic teachings to regulate all human life including in relation to the implementation of the economy and business. Islam does not allow any person to work haphazardly to achieve his/her goals and desires by justifying any means such as committing fraud, cheating, false vows, usury, and any other vanity deeds. But, Islam has given a boundary or line between the allowable and the unlawful, the right and wrong and the lawful and the unlawful. These limits or dividing lines are known as ethics. Behavior in business or trade is also not escaped from the moral value or business ethics values. Islamic business ethics is of which adheres to the principle of unity, equilibrium principle, freewill principle, responsibility principle, It is important for business people to integrate that ethical dimension into the framework or scope of the business. Keyword: Ethics, Business Ethics, Islamic Business Ethic.

PELANGGARAN ETIKA BISNIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Nurul Qomariyah
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Business People ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
A Company

Violations of business ethics that occur at this time, become a problem in itself. One of the factors supporting the occurrence of these violations is due to lack of basic knowledge about business ethics and the freedom of business people in carrying out economic activities, as a result many business people are competing in improving market mechanisms, Business should be assessed from a moral standpoint, just like all other human activities also seen from a moral standpoint. Because when not looking at the moral aspect of doing business, business people only think about how to increase sales turnover, and not only increase turnover, but also do things that are not ethical, such as: bribery, corruption, collusion and nepotism, it makes people uneasy . Adverse effects that will occur if a company is immoral and enforces the norms that apply in business ethics then it can have an impact on consumers' distrust of their products and can complicate business development again. Key words : Violation, Bussines ethic, case

scholarly journals Incumbent Stakeholder Management Performance and New Entry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Laplume ◽  
Kent Walker ◽  
Zhou Zhang ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Stakeholder Group ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Very High ◽  
New Entry

Abstract Instrumental stakeholder theory seeks to explain how managing stakeholders effectively can yield competitive advantage for incumbent firms. We extend instrumental stakeholder theory to explain and predict future competition operationalized as new entrepreneurial entries. Our study is among the first to empirically examine the relationships between aggregate stakeholder management performance and the entrepreneurial entries of individuals. Using a combined U.S. dataset from 2003 to 2013 from the Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini (KLD) Index, Compustat, and Kauffman’s Entrepreneurship Survey, we find support for three hypotheses. First, higher levels of stakeholder management performance are related to lower rates of entrepreneurial entry. Second, a curvilinear relationship exists between stakeholder management performance and entrepreneurial entry, where both low and very high stakeholder management performance increase entrepreneurial entry. Third, the greater the variance in stakeholder management performance across stakeholders, the more entrepreneurial entry. Our findings suggest that managing for stakeholders can help to avoid future competition. We add an entrepreneurship lens to the business ethics of stakeholder theory showing how incumbent stakeholder management performance shapes opportunities for entrepreneurs, a largely neglected stakeholder group.

scholarly journals NILAI ETIKA BISNIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Noor Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Economic Ethics ◽  
Business People ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the people of South Kalimantan, there are sub-ethnic groups who are well-known as successful business people / entrepreneurs and can maintain their business in a relatively long time, namely Alabio. historically, Alabio have become traders/businessmen who are undoubtedly their trade characteristics. His success in commerce even began when there was a belief in "mysticism", namely since the days of the state of Daha and Dipa were founded. The results of research on business ethics values used by Alabio for social studies showed that the business ethics values of Alabio for social studies learning were not fully utilized by social studies teachers, to facilitate teachers in compiling learning resources based on the Competency Standards of Business Ethics / Economic Ethics, namely Business ethics values used by Alabio can be used in social studies material in class VII, namely on the material of economic ethics in utilizing the factors of production in the life of business, the definition of business, company and business entity, and considerations that need to be considered in doing business.Key Word:  Business Ethics, Alabio People, Social Studies Learning AbstractMasyarakat Kalimantan Selatan, ada kelompok sub-etnis yang dikenal sebagai pengusaha sukses dan dapat mempertahankan bisnis mereka dalam waktu yang relatif lama, yaitu Alabio. Secara historis, Alabio telah menjadi pedagang/pengusaha yang tidak diragukan lagi adalah karakteristik perdagangan mereka. Keberhasilannya dalam perdagangan bahkan dimulai ketika ada keyakinan dalam "mistisisme", yaitu sejak zaman negara bagian Daha dan Dipa didirikan. Hasil penelitian tentang nilai etika bisnis yang digunakan oleh Alabio untuk studi sosial menunjukkan bahwa nilai etika bisnis Alabio untuk pembelajaran IPS tidak sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan oleh guru IPS, untuk memfasilitasi guru dalam menyusun sumber belajar berdasarkan Standar Kompetensi Etika Bisnis. Etika Ekonomi, yaitu nilai etika bisnis yang digunakan oleh Alabio dapat digunakan dalam bahan studi sosial di kelas VII, yaitu pada materi etika ekonomi dalam memanfaatkan faktor-faktor produksi dalam kehidupan suatu perusahaan dan entitas bisnis, dan pertimbangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam melakukan bisnis.Kata Kunci: Etika Bisnis, Masyarakat Alabio, Pembelajaran IPS

scholarly journals Memahami Sifat Shiddiq Nabi Muhammad SAW Perspektif Bisnis Syariah

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Nafiuddin Nafiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Business People ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Business

The Qur'an is very concerned about ethics in business. The people of Medina are people who often cheat in measuring and weighing, so Allah SWT decreases the surat of al-Mutaffifin as a threat to those who cheat in business. Siddiq is very closely related to business ethics. Siddiq in modern business ethics is often understood by the word “integrity”. Integrity is an essential principle in business. Integrity itself is a way of upholding the values and ethics of business. The values and ethics in doing business clearly have a big contribution in doing business. Integrity in business alone must be invested in someone who wants to run a business or is running a business. Business people must make this integrity a basic principle in their business.Siddiq (integrity, honesty) is defined as the basis of speech, beliefs and actions based on Islamic teachings. So that it can be concluded that the nature of Siddiq is still very relevant to modern business ethics, or in other languages that the nature of Siddiq is universal business ethics meaning that it does not recognize the basic values underlying the ethics.

scholarly journals Effects of social, environmental, and institutional factors on sustainability report assurance: evidence from European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Simoni ◽  
Laura Bini ◽  
Marco Bellucci
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Signaling Theory ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Legitimacy Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Sustainability Report

Purpose The purpose of this study is to extend existing knowledge on the determinants of sustainability report (SR) assurance practices. Four different theories – stakeholder theory, institutional theory, signaling theory and legitimacy theory – are used to formulate several hypotheses regarding the main factors that can influence a company’s decision to assure its SRs. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 417 listed organizations based in different European countries over five years, the effects of stakeholder commitment, country orientation toward sustainability, firm environmental performance and business ethics controversies on the decision to assure SRs are assessed. Findings The results show that a company’s decision to assure its SRs is motivated by the need to maintain good relations with its stakeholders (which is in line with stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory), as well as by the willingness to signal their sustainability performance (which is in line with signaling theory) and to gain legitimacy. On the contrary, business ethics controversies do not seem to be relevant to a company’s assurance practices. Originality/value This paper provides new insights into the influence that social, environmental and institutional factors have on assurance strategies. New factors that previous research does not investigate – environmental performance, business ethics controversies and corporate governance – are tested. Factors that are already investigated in the literature are considered from an original perspective of introducing alternative measures (e.g. for the scope of national sustainability policies).

Damaged Goods—Or Durable? A Response to Tom McInerney

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Stewart W. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Moral Consideration ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Moral Claims ◽  
Satisfactory Answer

Abstract:Contrary to criticisms by Thomas McInerney, Durable Goods proposes a realistic and empirically testable “covenantal” ethic for moving management and labor beyond tactics of mutual coercion and evasion. Nonetheless, two questions asked by McInerney remain germane. First, should the moral claims of management and labor always receive equal moral consideration, as a matter of justice? To this substantive question Durable Goods admittedly provides a less than satisfactory answer. Second, can the normative theory proposed by Durable Goods, based in part as it is on the Bible, meet the standards of cogency, coherence, and parsimony appropriate to business ethics as a field of rigorous inquiry? This methodological question remains unaddressed.

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