The Real Martin Marprelate

PMLA ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-107
Author(s):  
Donald J. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Real ◽  
Basic Organization ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Established Church ◽  
Martin Marprelate

The first pamphlet issued in the Martin Marprelate controversy, the Epistle to the right puissante and terrible priests, represents the earliest experiment in the dissemination of printed matter in colloquial English for the purpose of influencing public opinion. In order to acquaint the common people with the Puritan criticism of the episcopacy, the author, calling himself Martin Marprelate, hit upon the idea of playing the buffoon in print. In a sort of monologue consisting of simple words and short sentences he mingles seemingly good-humored raillery with bits of scandal about various prominent clergymen. With this device to arouse the curiosity of his readers he attacks the basic organization of the Established Church. The Epistle set the pace for the whole fight.

scholarly journals Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping using Geospatial Techniques in Walayar Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1157-1161
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Groundwater Potential Zone ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Potential Zone ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Common People ◽  
North Central ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The groundwater is the most important resources everywhere in the world and is decrease gradually. In construction, here is a need for separation of groundwater possible region. As the awareness and needs of the common people towards water is increasing the estimation of water is touched in all divisions. At the same time, surface water assets are getting to be insufficient to satisfy the water request. With the goal that systematic ordering of groundwater development using present-day system is important for the right management and use of this respected asset. Yet at the same time, groundwater assets have not yet been accurately damaged, keeping this in view, the current analysis have contained to outline the groundwater potential regions in Varattar river basin Tamilnadu & Kerala by using geospatial approach. The geospatial have turned out to be one of the substantial tools in the field of subsurface water study, which assistances in surveying, observing and monitoring groundwater capitals. Now to identify the groundwater possible region applied through various topical maps of geomorphology, streams, soil, land use/land cover and slope with IDW strategies. From the overall outcome, the groundwater investigation zone orderly into five classes called as very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor. This research to recommended that great potential zone of groundwater arise in the areas of south west north central part of study area in the Coimbatore and Palakkad districts. The result showed that converse distance weightage technique offers an effective tool for understanding groundwater possible regions for appropriate growth and management of water level resources in different hydrogeological surroundings.

Debt and Contract in the Common Law

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Levontin
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
As If

The difference between what a man already owns, or property, and what he is only entitled to claim, or obligation, is fundamental. A debt represents what a man is entitled to claim, but because of its proximity to a claim in detinue and for other reasons to be hereafter discussed, it is for many purposes treated as if it were something that a man already owns. The owner of a debt may not help himself by seizing what he is owed and must, like the owner of any chose in action, implement his right with the cooperation of the debtor or else by resort to the courts. Nevertheless, he who owns a debt enjoys a peculiarly “strong” right. This strength derives in part from the “real” nature of the right; by virtue of this a creditor, such as a lender or an unpaid vendor, is treated in some respects almost as if he were already the owner of what is owed, in particular a lender as if he went on owning the money lent to the borrower. And even in cases where a debt does not originate in a real transaction (as, for instance, a judgment-debt or income tax owed to the government, in which cases the creditor has not previously given that, or the equivalent of that, which he now claims) it is still “strong” because the object in obligatione, viz. money or other fungibles, is “indestructible” and therefore a debt cannot be frustrated by impossibility.

Second-hand beaux and ‘red-armed Belles’: conflict and the creation of fashions in England, c. 1660–1800

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY LEMIRE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sumptuary Legislation

Fashion, like luxury, has been largely conceived in terms of the elite experience. Indeed, the European fashion cycle was noted first among the aristocracy where the fashion system celebrated novelty over tradition, highlighting the individual aesthetic even as it consolidated the group identity of exquisitely garbed nobles. The counterpoints to the mutability of style were the legal constraints designed to curb the fashion impulse, bridling the sartorial ambitions of non-elites. Sumptuary legislation aimed to enforce luxury codes. The right to extravagant inessentials, which distinguished those of noble blood, was forbidden to lesser beings; however, fashion was a contested concept whose influence permeated first the middling and then even the labouring ranks. In this article I will examine the competing forces at work within England as the dress of the common people was transformed over the long eighteenth century. Although sumptuary legislation came to an end in England in 1604, government and moralists continued to claim the right to restrain material expression within the lower ranks, but without success. I will assess the challenge to a unitary hegemonic elite fashion, and explore the creation and significance of the multiple expressions in dress within the varied social ranks of England.

The Kazan Square Demonstration and the Conflict Between Russian Workers and Intelligenty

Slavic Review ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Sears McKinsey
Keyword(s):  
Active Participation ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Real ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
The Common

The Kazan Square demonstration of December 6, 1876 was one of a number of attempts by revolutionary intelligenty to forge an alliance with the common people. Two striking features of this demonstration have often been noted. First, participants in the demonstration included not only members of the radical intelligentsia but also urban workers, an unusual feature for the first socialist street demonstration in Russia. Second, fewer workers took part than the radical intelligentsia had hoped, given their active propagandizing among factory workers. Some critics have found fault with the “abstract” nature of the propaganda, to use Georgii Plekhanov's later term. He and others blamed the limited worker participation on the failure of the populists to express concretely the real, immediate interests of the workers. Plekhanov later wrote that the workers of St. Petersburg could only have been drawn to the demonstration because it was a “new spectacle, not seen before.” The workers had no tangible reason for active participation in it. “For this reason they did not go to it.”

scholarly journals The Work Of Sohfi Allahyar "Sabot Ul - Ojizin" Is In Harmony With Today's Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Khimmatova Zarina Akhtamovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Common People ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the solidarity of “Sabot ul – ojizin's” work with the present period, which took an important place in the history of Uzbek enlightenment in the second half of the XVII century and the beginning of the XVIII century in Central Asia, the major representative of the Naqshbandian sect, Sofi Allahyar's "Sabot ul – ojizin". The work of sohfi Allahyar "Sabot ul - ojizin" is a work created due to the spiritual need of his time. The main purpose of the creation of the work is to educate the perfect person, to strive for the perfection of the individual. It is up to the people to start them on the right path by revealing the Enlightenment of the Islamic religion, to encourage them not to fall under the influence of the ideas of the memorization of different currents and fanatic groups. In the article, the work studied the socio – philosophical views aimed at starting the people on the right path, and in turn revealed that at that time for material benefit, he was struggling with enlightenment, occupying the minds of the common people and distributing various superstitious teachings. The article analyzes the ideas put forward in the work" Sabot ul – ojizin", the philosophical views, the solidarity of such enlightened views as leading the people towards perfection with today's times.

Public Opinion and the Intellectuals

1954 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-339
Author(s):  
Francis G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Theoretical Relation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

A study of the relation of intellectuals to public opinion suggests the outlines of a sociology of the intellectuals as a functioning social group. The libertas philosophandi has long been asserted by the educated elite, and in pre-democratic days the theoretical relation to public opinion was quite clear. Philosophers have had the civil liberty to criticize government, but the same right was not generously extended to the vulgar conscience, or the common men who composed the “open public.” Actually, the rise of democracy has not really clarified the issue, though the mass or Gnostic movements of modern times have asserted the right to judge the government, the intellectuals, and any other group that might stand in the way of political victory. The democratic intellectual can hardly say that the revolting mass does not have the right to judge him, but he can and does say that public opinion must be reformed, purified, educated, or directed by the latest in scientific hypothesis. More especially, however, the modern selfconscious intellectuals have directed their fire against other groups or elites who have a following and who in fact provide a pluralistic leadership of public opinion.

Yokozuna Hakuhō—Japanese Mongolian hero

Ethnography ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146613812110354
Author(s):  
Einat Bar-On Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
The Real ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Common ◽  
National Hero

Yokozuna Hakuhō, a prominent Sumo wrestler, is a Mongolian-born Japanese national hero. However, he, as other Mongolian wrestlers, presents Sumo with tensions between worldviews, which are battled both within the hierarchical setting of the Sumo association, and in public opinion. Those concern questions of etiquette and ethical behavior, between what is understood the “real Japanese” spirit, and the Mongolian attitude. Moreover, the Mongolian attitude also coincided with modern tendencies and the culture of celebrities so that those tensions are also a case of a Japanese way of dealing with the external influences of globalization. Moreover, since both Japanese and Mongolian cosmos are “inclusive,” namely, tend toward the non-dual, the tensions are not resolved but rather create a cultural enclave of shifting assemblages yielding both new regulations and popular opinions. And while those tensions are negotiated, the common belief as to what constitutes true Japanese traits is also forged and inculcated.

CESAREAN SECTION PERFORMED WITH SUCCESS BY AN ILLITERATE IRISH MIDWIFE IN 1738

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-460
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Poor Woman ◽  
Common People ◽  
Linea Alba ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Modern Medical Practice ◽  
Illiterate Woman ◽  
The Right ◽  
Labour Pains

To read about major surgical operations being performed by untrained laymen before the discovery of anesthesia and the beginning of modern medical practice fills one with profound sympathy for the patient's harrowing ordeal. Imagine the suffering of poor Alice O'Neal on whom a cesarean section was performed in January 1738 by an illiterate midwife as described below by Mr. Duncan Stewart, Surgeon in Dungannon in the County of Tyrone, Ireland. (I believe this is the first reported cesarean section performed in the United Kingdom from which the mother recovered.) Alice O'Neal, aged about 33 years, Wife to a poor Farmer near Charlemont, and Mother of several Children, in January 1738 took her Labour-Pains; but could not be delivered of her Child by several Women who attempted it. She remained in this Condition twelve Days; the Child was judged to be dead after the third Day. Mary Donally, an illiterate Woman, but eminent among the common People for extracting dead Births, being then called, tried also to deliver her in the common Way: And her Attempts not succeeding, performed the Caesarian Operation, by cutting with a Razor first the containing Parts of the Abdomen and then the Uterus; at the Aperature (sic) of which she took Out the Child and Secundines. The Part of the Incision was an Inch higher, and to a Side of the Navel, and was continued about six Inches downwards in the Middle betwixt the right Os Ilium and the Linea alba. She held the Lips of the Wound together with her Hand, till one went a Mile and returned with Silk and the common Needles which Taylors (sic) used: with these she joined the Lips in the manner of the Stitch employed ordinarily for the Hare-lip, and dressed the Wound with whites of Eggs, as she told me some days after, when led by Curiosity I visited the poor Woman who had undergone the Operation.

scholarly journals Lateralization of lateral displays in convict cichlids

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Charlotte Ashton ◽  
Robert W. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fighting Ability ◽  
Convict Cichlids ◽  
Amatitlania Nigrofasciata ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Assessment Of Fighting Ability ◽  
Normal Head

We examine lateralization of lateral displays in convict cichlids, Amatitlania nigrofasciata , and show a population level preference for showing the right side. This enables contesting pairs of fish to align in a head-to-tail posture, facilitating other activities. We found individuals spent a shorter mean time in each left compared with each right lateral display. This lateralization could lead to contesting pairs using a convention to align in a predictable head-to-tail arrangement to facilitate the assessment of fighting ability. It has major implications for the common use of mirror images to study fish aggression, because the ‘opponent’ would never cooperate and would consistently show the incorrect side when the real fish shows the correct side. With the mirror, the ‘normal’ head-to-tail orientation cannot be achieved.

Who Are Vera and Tatiana? The Female Russian Nihilist in the Fin de Siècle Imagination

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Abby Holekamp
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
The Real ◽  
European Public ◽  
Fin De Siècle

Focusing on a close, contextualized reading of a single case of invented identity from 1906, this article illustrates how, in fin de siècle Europe, a mutually generative relationship between the real, the imagined, and the rapidly proliferating mass media transformed the female “nihilist” from an apocryphal Russian figure into a durable Russian archetype—an archetype that had significant consequences in the shaping of European public opinion about Russia.

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