On the Use of Indigenous Languages for National Development in Nigeria:

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
A.U. Iwara
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Indigenous Languages

scholarly journals Fostering posterity and socio-economic transformation through the prism of indigenous languages in youth training: A participatory approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-92
Author(s):  
M. Mavesera ◽  
D. Magege
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Out Of School ◽  
Youth Training

This paper reviews thee mediating role of indigenous languages in vocational skills and national development in the Zimbabwean context. In the wake of the current outcry for jobs, employment creation and entrepreneurship the need for new strategies to revive industry by focusing on community resources has become imperative. Youths need to turn to themselves as repositories of skills required for operationalising dormant and fledgling industries. In pursuit of this new strategy they need the expertise of local artisans. The initiative, adopted in the spirit of national consciousness, should yield an indigenous brand of technology. It is from this perspective that the paper argues for a fresh, broader approach to youth training, through the identification of a national programme that encourages skilled artisans to use indigenous languages as vehicles for imparting industrial skills to out of school youths. The envisaged formal programme can be implemented through the identification of industrial bases that would tap the industrial skills of out of school youths, under the tutorship of local skilled artisans. For more effective implementation the proposed blueprint argues for the liberalization of instructional media. Trainers and trainees would switch on to their preferred language in skills’ acquisition. Such a flexible project, sustained through collaborative engagement, between skilled artisans and youths, would go a long way towards enhancing the latter’s creative potential, by fostering familiarity with the terminology required by a particular industry. Further, the article envisages learners’ progressive training programmes that motivate vocational training graduates to apply modern technology to productive processes demanded by the respective communities. The study concludes by emphasizing that the achievement of national goals for entrepreneurship and youth empowerment/employment requires the adoption of new strategies encapsulated in the Education 5.0.blueprint.

scholarly journals The treatment of Indigenous Languages in Kenya’s Pre- and Post-independent Education Commissions and in the Constitution of 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Martin C. Njoroge ◽  
Moses Gatambuki Gathigia
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Independent Education

An indigenous or community language is the language that nurtures the child in the early years of his or her life. The UNESCO land mark publication in 1953 underscores the importance of educating children in their community languages: an education that is packaged in a language which the child does not understand is simply difficult for the child. Kenya has had a number of education commissions that significantly address the place of indigenous languages in a child’s education. Further, Kenya Constitution on its part tackles language issues too. This paper, therefore, examines how the Constitution and the various colonial and post-colonial educational commissions that have been undertaken in Kenya treat indigenous languages. Should these indigenous languages be used as a medium of instruction? What are their benefits to a child’s life? To answer these questions, the historical method of study which utilizes mainly secondary and primary sources of data is adopted. The main sources of primary data which form the basis of the discussion and analysis in the paper are Kenya’s constitution (2010) and the educational commissions and reports in the two epochs: colonial and post-colonial periods. The main sources of secondary data scrutinized include: written documents such as books, journals and newspapers. The paper notes that the various educational commissions contain numerous recommendations that have informed Kenya’s education sector over the years on the way indigenous languages should be utilized for both individual and national development. This notwithstanding, the paper concludes that indigenous languages in Kenya have been given a short shrift to the advantage of English language hegemony. The paper proposes a sound implementation of the commissions’ recommendations in order to revitalize indigenous languages so that a Kenyan learner can reap benefits that accrue from the use of indigenous languages in education.

Management of sustainable innovation for national development

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cristian Sánchez Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World ◽  
End Use ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Throughout history the development of the countries has been generated mainly by the impulse in two complementary axes: Science and Technology, and Trade. At present we are experiencing an exponential scientific and technological development and the Economy in all its fronts is driven by the intensive application of technology. According to these considerations, this research tries to expose the development of Innovation Management as a transversal mechanism to promote the different socioeconomic areas and especially those supported by engineering. To this end, use will be made of Technology Watch in order to identify the advances of the main research centres related to innovation in the world. Next, there will be an evaluation of the main models of Innovation Management and related methodologies that expose some of the existing Innovation Observatories in the world to finally make a proposal for Innovation Management applicable to the reality of Peru, so that it can be taken into consideration by stakeholders (Government, Academy, Business and Civil Society) committed to Innovation Management in the country

Toward a Progressive Realisation of Socio-economic Rights in Ghana: A Socio-legal Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
Nana Tawiah Okyir
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
State Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Supreme Court

This article argues for the strengthening and entrenchment of socio-economic rights provisions in Ghana's jurisprudence. The purpose of this entrenchment is to engender judicial activism in promoting more creative pathways for enforcing socio-economic rights in Ghana. The article traces the development of socio-economic rights in Ghana's jurisprudence, especially the influence of the requirements of the international rights movement, particularly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The article delves into the constitutional history of Ghana and its impact on the evolution of rights in the country. Of particular historical emphasis is the emergence of socio-economic rights under the Directive Principles of State Policy in the 1979 Constitution. However, the significance of the socio-economic rights only became profound with the return to democratic rule under the 1992 Constitution, again under a distinct chapter on Directive Principles of State Policy. However, unlike its counterpart, the chapter on the Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms, which is directly enforceable, the Directive Principles of State Policy were not. It took the Supreme Court of Ghana a series of landmark decisions until finally, in 2008, it arrived at a presumption of justiciability in respect of all of the provisions in the 1992 Constitution. It is evident that prior to this, the Supreme Court was not willing to apply the same standards of adjudication and enforcement as it ordinarily applies in respect of rights under the chapter on Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms. Having surmounted the non-justiciability hurdle, what is left is for the courts to begin to vigorously pursue an agenda that puts socio-economic rights at the centre of Ghana's rights adjudication framework. The article draws on comparative experiences from India and South Africa to showcase the extent of judicial creativity in rights adjudication. In India, the courts have been able to work around provisions restricting the enforcement of Directive Principles by often connecting them to Fundamental Freedoms. In South Africa, there is no hierarchy between civil and political rights on the one hand and socio-economic rights on the other; for that reason, the courts give equal ventilation to both sets of rights. The article further analyses these examples in the light of ongoing constitutional reforms in Ghana. It argues that these reforms fall short of the activism required to propel socio-economic rights adjudication to the forefront in Ghana's jurisprudence. In this regard, the article proposes social movements as a viable tool for socio-economic rights advocacy by recounting its success in previous controversial issues in Ghana. The article also connects this to other important building blocks like building socio-economic rights into a national development blueprint. Overall, the article calls for an imaginative socio-economic rights enforcement approach that is predicated on legislation, judicial activism, social movements and a national development blueprint aimed at delivering a qualitative life for the Ghanaian.

PERILAKU PERAJIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PASAR*

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
P. Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Market Conduct ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
Equal Right

This study has taken position for developing of small-scale industry (SSI) is necessary strategy or market conduct policy and market performance. For that objective, the realization steps needed are: (a) re-examining about national development objective; (b) conducting political system restructurization that enable all people has equal right to participate in the economic sectors; (c) allocating and distributing economic resources and production facilities in equitable manner especially for rural people; and also (d) making more deep market penetration for goods and services of SSI through issuing inceptives and positive discrimination policies for SSI in supplying their production input, production process and marketing. Promotion intensification and nourishing cooperation with another kind of enterprise will be a beneficial.

SISTEM PENGANGGARAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DARI OLD PUBLIC MANAGEMENT MENUJU NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
A. Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Legal Entity

Budget implementation in government agencies has not been effective even though legislation has mandated that performance-based budgeting should be implemented gradually starting in 2005. Some researches on budgeting found a disregard for the prerequisites for the successful implementation of performance-based budgeting, which includes participation, competence, and the clear documents and budgeting procedures. In Indonesia, the reform of budgeting begins with the issuance of Act No. 17 of 2003 on State Finance and Act No. 25 of 2004 on National Development Planning System, which is a product of legislation that became a milestone of reform in national planning and budgeting. In universities in Indonesia budget management system changes begins to be applied especially after the implementation of autonomy in the management of higher education institutions, namely since the issuance of Government Regulation on Higher Education as State-Owned Legal Entity (BHMN), Public Service Agency (BLU), even the latter leads to the State University-Owned Legal Entity(PTN-BH). The change of financial management is not without reason, but is intended to more financial management of performance-oriented, transparent and accountable, the estuary of the increasing good governance. Pelaksanaan anggaran di instansi pemerintah selama ini belum efektif, padahal undang-undang telah mengamanatkan bahwa pelaksanaan penganggaran berbasis kinerja hendaknya dapat dilaksanakan secara bertahap mulai tahun 2005. Beberapa hasil penelitian tentang penganggaran menunjukan adanya pengabaian terhadap prasayarat keberhasilan pelaksanaan penganggaran berbasis kinerja, yang antara lain ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor pendukung seperti partisipasi, kompetensi, dan adanya kelengkapan dokumen dan prosedur penganggaran secara jelas. Di Indonesia, reformasi bidang penganggaran diawali dengan terbitnya Undang-undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara Undangundang Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional merupakan produk undang-undang yang menjadi tonggak sejarah reformasi di bidang perencanaan dan penganggaran nasional. Di lingkungan perguruan tinggi Indonesia perubahan sistem manajemen anggaran mulai diterapkan terutama setelah dilaksanakannya otonomi dalam pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan tinggi, yaitu sejak diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perguruan Tinggi sebagai BHMN, BLU, bahkan yang terakhir ini mengarah pada PTN-BH. Perubahan arah pengelolaan keuangan tersebut tidak tanpa alasan, namun dimaksudkan agar pengeloaan keuangan lebih berorientasi pada kinerja, transparan dan akuntabel, yang muaranya tentu pada meningkatnya good governance.

Considerations on national interests in financial flows of global social and economic entities

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1038
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
National Development ◽  
World Order ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Financial Flows

Subject. The article investigates financial flows. Objectives. The study is to determine directions of financial flows in global social and economic entities. Methods. I rely upon the systems approach and methods of descriptive statistics. Results. The article illustrates the importance of national interests in financial flows of global social and economic entities. I emphasize that finance is a factor determining the importance of national interests. Finance mirrors the national development and opportunities of a social and economic entity to protect its sovereignty. Sustainable development seems to be the ground for solving any issues of national interests as part of financial flows of social and economic entities. This may be feasible through fund raising. I determined directions of financial flows streaming to socialist and capitalist social and economic entities. In Russia capitalist social and economic entities emerge due to a positively-skewed distribution of values around the average growth rate of direct investment in non-financial assets and portfolio investment, and a negatively-skewed distribution, i.e. military spending, inflation, fiscal revenue and general reserves net of gold. The article highlights that Russia and China have similar economic views on poverty and equality. Conclusions and Relevance. As global economic ties transform and controversies concerning the world order escalate, capitalist economies disregard the specifics of the social and economic paradigm and national interests of other countries. Such controversies can be eliminated if multiple economic interests are simplified. Sustainable development and respective goals seem to offer a solution to national interests as part of financial flows of social and economic entities. The findings unveil opportunities for exercising national interests in global social and economic entities by regulating a source of financial flows, generating new competencies for managerial decision-making on sustainable development goals.

The efficiency of the monodirectional economic policy of smaller countries during the globalization and multipolar world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-949
Author(s):  
A.M. Chernysheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
National Development ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Former Ussr

Subject. After the collapse of the USSR, smaller countries chose different paths in their economic policy during the globalization and the multipolar world. The EU, USA and Russia made a palpable contribution to the economic policy of smaller countries. Some countries of the former USSR failed to find their course, while the others immediately followed their development strategy and stuck to it persistently. Objectives. I examine the economics of the monodirectional strategy of smaller countries of the former USSR. I also evaluate how the countries found their position among different leading countries as points of attraction. The study is based on the assumption that the single direction of the national development and adherence to the same point of attraction will ensure the sustainable development. However, the economic development level depends on the health of a certain economy as a point of attraction. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach, comparative and statistical methods for analyzing macroeconomic data series. Results. I investigated the dynamics of key macroeconomic data in the Republic of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia, such as GDP per capita in current values, unemployment rate and Purchasing Power Index. Given the current phase of globalization and multipolar world, it is crucial for smaller countries to choose a development strategy to follow persistently and achieve proper macroeconomic indicators that depend on the economic stability of counties they treat as their benchmarks. Conclusions and Relevance. I should mention the successful economic policy of Estonia and Latvia, which followed the same course as the other EU countries, as opposed to the Republic of Belarus tending to the policy of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, the monodirectional development strategy also helps smaller countries ensure their economic stability.

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