Understanding Accounting for Business Combinations: An Instructional Resource

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-284
Author(s):  
Hugo Nurnberg ◽  
Jan Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Business Combinations ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
Instructional Resource ◽  
Homework Problem

In explaining Statement No. 141, Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141, FASB 2001b) and Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS No. 142, FASB 2001c), accounting textbooks do not adequately describe the theoretical choices the FASB considered or the economic and political context in which the FASB developed these statements. This instructional resource fills that gap. It compares purchase, pooling of interests (hereafter, pooling), and fresh start accounting, as well as various methods of accounting for goodwill under purchase and fresh start accounting; it also discusses the economic and political context in which the FASB deliberated. A simple example (and a separate more complicated homework problem) compares the effects of these methods on post-combination financial statements. The Teaching Notes discuss how to use this instructional resource to introduce these subjects and integrate them with other subjects covered in advanced financial accounting and merger and acquisition courses.

scholarly journals MENGUPAS PERSOALAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN - GOODWIL DI BERBAGAI NEGARA : SUATU PENDEKATAN STUDI LITERATUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawansyah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Accounting Standard

This literature study explains and describe the development of the concept of goodwill from the perspective of accounting by observing and describing until the development at this time, discusses differences in accounting standards of goodwill applicable in some countries, and explains the things that contradict the goodwill. This research method used qualitative with literature study. The results of this study are in some countries, the concepts and rules on goodwill accounting have undergone various changes, including international accounting standards issued by the IASC. Initially goodwill is capitalized and amortized over no more than 20 years. But, along with the increasing use of fair value accounting in accounting standards, thetreatment for goodwill also experienced a shift that is eliminated by the amortization method is replaced by doing impairment test to goodwill. The results of this study contribute as add to the treasury of financial accounting literature, especially accounting treatment of goodwill as intangible assets in the financial statements of various countries such as Indonesia, America and the England.Keyword :Goodwiil, Impairment, Financial Accounting Standard

How Informative Are Earnings Numbers That Exclude Goodwill Amortization?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Moehrle ◽  
Jennifer A. Reynolds-Moehrle ◽  
James S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Business Combinations ◽  
Traditional Performance

In the original exposure draft, Business Combinations and Intangible Assets, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) proposed that companies be allowed to report a second per share earnings number that excludes goodwill amortization. Subsequently, the FASB has proposed that goodwill not be amortized at all. Instead, it will be written down when impaired. In this study, we assess the information content of earnings excluding amortization of intangibles relative to two traditional performance measures: earnings before extraordinary items and cash flow from operations. We find that the relative informativeness of earnings before amortization and earnings before extraordinary items do not differ significantly. We also find, consistent with prior research, that both earnings before amortization and earnings before extraordinary items are more informative than cash flow from operations. These findings suggest that goodwill amortization disclosures were not decision-useful and, therefore, support the FASB's revised position.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRINSIP PENYAJIAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN INDONESIA TENTANG KOMBINASI BISNIS PADA LAPORAN KEUANGAN PT TELEKOMUNIKASI INONESIA (PERSERO) TBK PERIODE 2012-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Siti Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Combinations ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Business Combination

Presentation of the value of intangible assets recorded on the financial statements of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, there is the value of goodwill should be presented separately to intangible assets. Presentation of goodwill which is not separated from intangible assets to become a problem for the users of financial statements to understand the content of those statements. This study aims to determine how the process of business combinations on the PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. The study uses secondary data from annual reports and financial statements of the period of 2012 through 2014, and primary data in the form of a questionnaire as a proponent of the theory applied by the researchers so that research will be measurable and objective. The results of this study indicate that goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the value that is recognized by the non-controlling interest and goodwill are presented in the statement of the position of non-current assets kuangan section. PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in the presentation of its financial statements as a whole in accordance with the standards set, but in the activities of the business combination of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) has not been fully in accordance with IAS 22 revised 2010 from the acquisition resulted in goodwill activities. Goodwill should have been presented in the consolidated statement of financial position on the part of non-current assets separately to other intangible assets.Keywords: Business combinations, acquisitions, goodwill, fair value.

scholarly journals BAGAIMANA PENGATURAN KEPEMILIKAN CRYPTOCURRENCY OLEH PERUSAHAAN BERDASARKAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrie Firmansyah ◽  
Unggul Dwi Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Literature Selection

This study investigates the application and recognition of accounting policies for ownership of Cryptocurrency assets by companies in Indonesia based on Financial Accounting Standards. This study uses a qualitative method with a scoping review approach to map the literature related to the concept of cryptocurrency and accounting arrangements for cryptocurrency ownership by companies. The scoping review carried out several stages, namely problem identification, identifying literature sources, literature selection, mapping and collecting literature, and discussion analysis. This study concludes that ownership of cryptocurrency by companies can be classified as assets based on IFRS and PSAK. The most relevant type of asset classification for Cryptocurrencies is inventory or intangible assets, depending on the purpose of ownership of the company. This research indicates that with the significant increase in the use of cryptocurrencies, standard-setting bodies need to set clear and specific accounting standards to help reduce uncertainty and provide relevant and useful guidance to both preparers and users of financial statements.

scholarly journals Determination of the Value of Intangible Assets in the Companies of Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bužinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.

Theory and practice of analysis of financial statements of organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Parushina ◽  
Oksana Gubina ◽  
Vitaliy Gubin ◽  
Inna Butenko ◽  
Natal'ya Suchkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Regulatory Documents

The textbook discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the analysis of financial statements of organizations in various fields of activity. The theory and practice of the analysis of reporting forms are based on the use of modern regulatory documents in the field of accounting and tax accounting, auditing, statistics. The textbook reflects the features of the analysis of financial, accounting, tax, statistical reporting of organizations based on the use of a system of analytical indicators and the interconnection of reporting forms. Examples of execution of analytical documents of the economist-analyst are given, which allow to visualize the process of conducting and summarizing the results of the analysis of reporting indicators in organizations of various types of activity. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and includes a course of lectures, discussion questions, tests, practical situations and tasks. For undergraduate and graduate students, graduate students, teachers of economic universities and colleges, auditors, accountants, economists, employees of tax, statistical and financial services.

scholarly journals Twenty-one years without monetary correction in Brazil: impacts on the comparability of the accounting information of siderurgical and metallurgical companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (78) ◽  
pp. 355-374
Author(s):  
Wellington Rodrigues Silva Souza ◽  
Marcos Peters ◽  
Aldy Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Maria Thereza Pompa Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Accounting Recognition

Abstract The purpose of this study was to empirically verify the existence or not of a distortion in the comparability of information when inflationary effects are omitted from financial statements. Although inflation has been under control in Brazil since the Plano Real, with indices well below those recorded in the 1980s and 1990s, discussing the need for accounting recognition of the effects of inflation remains an extremely relevant and pertinent issue in light of the proposal of accounting to produce faithful information that closely reflects the economic reality in which organizations operate. The results of the research show that financial accounting has been directly affected by the omission of inflationary effects in financial statements, drawing attention to the negative effects this has caused on the quality of the information produced. In order to operationalize the research, the Balance Sheet Monetary Correction (BSMC) was applied to the balance sheets of Brazilian companies from the siderurgical and metallurgical sector listed on the BM&FBOVESPA in the period from 1996 to 2016. Based on the variables net income, return on equity (ROE), and return on assets (ROA), and two conceptual axes of comparability (between entities and between periods), the statistical parameters were developed and the hypotheses were defined, which were tested using the Student t parametric test. This article shows the damage caused to the decision-making process of the external users for whom financial statements are intended when these are prepared neglecting the effects of inflation. This is verifiable through the analyses of the results obtained, including the observation of significant distortions between the means of the corrected indicators and the means of the historical indicators, such as in the case of net income in 2001, 2002, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2016 (33.98%, 91.92%, -65.54%, -30.01%, -53.59%, and 26.30% variation, respectively), of ROE (-67.16%, -61.43%, -53.06%, -63.46%, -133.81%, and 65.00% variations in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, and 2015, respectively), and of ROA (-26,70%, -41.14%, -33,34%, -43,49%, 98,83%, and -413,68% in 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2014, respectively).

scholarly journals Resistance to Change Processes and Strategies for the Implementation of Harmonization Reforms: The Separation of the Health Care Expenditure in the Regional Financial Statements

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Modarelli ◽  
Migliavacca Alessandro ◽  
Puddu Luigi ◽  
Modarelli Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Rational Management

The Legislative Decree n. 118/2011, in setting the rules for the harmonization of the financial accounting of the local governments, represents a further progress for the accounting process also for the health care. In the specific case the article 20 defines a precise identification perimeter of revenue and expenditure related with National Health Service (NHS) by the regulations in the regional financial statements, in a way to make possible an immediate comparability between the Health Care incomes and expenditures in the Regional financial statement. The aim of this paper, always referred to the Rational Management based on financial statement, focuses the attention on the possible correlation between organizational responses to institutional pressure and the theoretical roles of accounting, tracing lines of best practices compliance or not on the sample above explained.

Inferring U.S. Tax Liability from Financial Statement Information

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Lisowsky
Keyword(s):  
Stock Options ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Accounting For Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Expense

Abstract: Using a multi-year matched tax return-financial statement data set, this study builds empirical models that infer U.S. tax liability on the corporate tax return from publicly available financial statement disclosures, including those of Statement on Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Results show that current U.S. tax expense, the tax benefit from stock options, current-year tax cushion accrual, consolidation book-tax differences, and R&D are informative in inferring actual tax, while intraperiod tax allocation is not. Additionally, the sign of pretax book income and the existence of net operating loss carryforwards are useful partitioning variables in estimating actual tax. In general, for every dollar of current U.S. tax expense reported on the financial statements, approximately $0.70 is reported in U.S. tax liability on the tax return. The models are validated using a holdout sample, providing support for the notion that public parties can reliably use these results to estimate a firm's tax position. Additional tests reveal a hierarchy of subsamples that researchers may employ when maximizing the usefulness of tax-related disclosures in inferring U.S. tax liability.

scholarly journals EVALUASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (SAK EMKM) TAHUN 2018 PADA USAHA SINAR TERANG DI SAMARINDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Pandu Prahadi Pangestu, Elfreda Aplonia Lau, Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to evaluate whether the recognition of items in financial statements, measurement of financial statement elements, presentation of items in financial statements and disclosure of financial statements in Sinar Terang Business are in accordance with the provisions in Micro, Small and Medium Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM) 2018.The theory used in this study is financial accounting. The hypothesis stated is the recognition of accounts in financial statements, measurement of financial statements, presentation of items in financial statements, and disclosure of financial statements not in accordance with the 2018 Micro, Small and Medium Entity Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM).The analysis technique used in this study is a comparative descriptive method, which is a method that compares accounting treatment that includes recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure based on SAK EMKM   2018 with recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in Sinar Business and Champion methods for calculating checklist value in determining conformity criteria.The results of the study indicate that the recognition and measurement of the items in the financial statements of Sinar Terang Business are not in accordance with SAK EMKM. Whereas the presentation and disclosure of financial statements for Sinar Terang Business do not match the SAK EMKM

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