The effect of two different bracket types on the salivary levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in the early phase of orthodontic treatment

AbstractObjective:To determine the difference in the levels of Streptococcus mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva in orthodontic patients with different bracket types (stainless steel and esthetic brackets) using polymerase chain reaction and cultivation method.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients, aged 13 to 30 years, were selected following these criteria: 1) orthodontic treatment indication, 2) systemic health, and 3) no tobacco and antibiotic consummation for three months prior to the commencement of the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the bracket type; 16 patients formed the conventional bracket group (stainless steel brackets), and 16 patients formed the esthetic bracket group (plastic brackets). The levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated whole saliva samples were collected prior to fixed orthodontic appliance placement (T1) and 12 weeks after placement (T2), as were the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:Statistical analysis (chi-square test) showed no difference in S mutans and S sobrinus counts among patients with different brackets at either T1 or T2. There was no difference in total bacteria counts after fixed orthodontic appliance placement.Conclusion:The number of colony-forming units of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva samples does not seem to be significantly different between patients with stainless steel brackets and patients with plastic brackets.

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Evaluation of a prevention programme efficiency for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1103214m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 214-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sava Matic ◽

Mirjana Ivanovic ◽

Predrag Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

The Difference ◽

School Of Dentistry ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Experimental Group

Background/Aim. Orthodontic treatment enables the establishment of functional occlusion and improvement of oral health, however, it increases the risk of periodontal disease development. The aim of this paper was to examine the efficiency of the applied programme for the prevention of gingivitis in children undergoing the fixed orthodontic appliance therapy and to determine the most efficient devices and techniques for maintaining oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Methods. The study included 80 patients of both genders - 60 patients comprised the experimental group and 20 patients comprised the control group. All of them were patients of the Clinic for Orthodontics at the School of Dentistry in Belgrade, aged between 13 and 18. The Silness-L?e Plaque Index (PI) was utilised for the assessment of oral hygiene quality and Silness-L?e Gingival Index (GI) and M?hlemann Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) were utilised for the assessment of gingival state. Checkups were conducted as a single-blind study at the beginning and after the first, the third and the sixth month of the preventive and prophylactic programme. Results. During the observed period, a statistically significant change in PI, GI and PBI values was noticed (p < 0.005), as well as the difference in the dynamics of value changes during the periods between the observed groups. Conclusion. The preventive programme, applied to children undergoing the fixed orthodontic appliance therapy, had a positive effect both on oral hygiene quality and gingival state. The values of the examined parameters of the patients from the experimental group were significantly lower in comparison with those of the patients from the control group. The most efficient combination of devices for oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment was: a Curaprox CP5460 toothbrush, CD Ortho 60 orthodontic toothbrush and Curaprox CPS 14 interdental brush.

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Frequency of Extractions in Various Skeletal Patterns in Orthodontic Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Ahsan Khalid ◽

Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽

Muhammad Anas Sufian ◽

Zainab Ahmed ◽

Sameera Jamshed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Data Registration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern ◽

Extraction Pattern ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference

Introduction: When the 20th century started Orthodontics was first recognized as a science. The removal or extraction of teeth destroys the ideal esthetics and occlusion, which was the base of orthodontic treatment plans. Edward Hartley Angle and his followers were not supporters of extraction due to this reason. Extreme dental or maxillary protrusion leading to facial deformities could be corrected by dental extraction was supported by Calvin Case who was a strong opponent of the Angle., for mainly analyzing the frequency of use of orthodontic extractions after evaluating the changes in the use of extraction in past years. The frequency of extractions was examined in relation to gender and Angle’s malocclusion classification. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective observational study. It was conducted in Orthodontics Department of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, from 2015 to 2020. In this study records from 1032 patients who reported to orthodontic department in Nishtar institute of dentistry Multan for fixed orthodontic treatment were taken. For data registration SPSS 20 (IBM Chicago Illinois) was used. Frequency of extractions with regards to gender, skeletal pattern and types of extraction pattern was determined. In order to assess the association among variables Chi square test was applied and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: In respect of extraction group, 222 (41.3%) were males and 316 (58.7%) were female and whereas in nonextraction group, 83 (16.8%) were males and 411 (83.2%) were females. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The frequency of extraction in reference to Angle’s classification was analyzed, and no significant difference was found (p=0.992). Frequency of extraction was highest in class-II division-I malocclusion, and the lowest frequency of orthodontic tooth extraction was seen in class-II division-II malocclusion. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of our study that females had higher frequency of extractions as compared to males. Similarly, class II malocclusion patients had highest frequency while lowest frequency was in Class I malocclusions.

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Uji pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium pada beberapa braket stainless steel yang direndam di air laut

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.4.1.2016.11062 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cliff G. Lombo ◽

P. S. Anindita ◽

Juliatri .

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Sea Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Main Components ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Abstract: Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that studies about how to prevent, protect, and care of malocclusion involving teeth, as well as skeletal and soft tissues of dentofacial region. Fixed orthodontic appliance is one of the means used to achieve the treatment goal. The use of orthodontic bracket is one of the main components in fixed orthodontic treatment which serves to deliver the required force on the teeth. This study aimed to determine the amount of Cr and Ni ions released from the stainless steel bracket (brand A, B, and C) immersed in sea water. This was a laboratory experimental study with a pre-experimental and nonequivalent control group designs. Samples were assayed using UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine the release of the metals: nickel and chromium. The samples consisted of 4 kinds of brand bracket immersed in sea water for 48 hours at a temperature of 37ºC. The results showed that the release of nickel and chromium ions in sea water varied in each sample. In sample A, the release of nickel 0.096 ppm and of chromium 0.202 ppm. In sample B, the release of nickel 0.154 ppm and of chromium 0.027 and. In sample C, the release of nickel 0,066 ppm and of chromium 0,019 ppm. The release of chromium in each sample was higher than the release of nickel. The results showed that there was no particular pattern of the released ions. This might be due to the different composition of the stainless steel brackets depending on the terms of each manufacturer.Keywords: bracket stainless steel, nickel and chromium, UV-Vis spectroscopy, seawaterAbstrak: Ortodonsia adalah cabang dari ilmu kedokteran gigi yang mempelajari tentang cara mencegah, melindungi, dan merawat maloklusi yang melibatkan gigi geligi, skeletal, dan jaringan lunak regio dentofasial. Alat ortodontik cekat merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan perawatan ontodontik. Penggunaan braket ortodonti merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam perawatan ortodonti cekat yang berfungsi untuk menghantarkan gaya yang diperlukan pada gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya ion Cr dan Ni yang terlepas pada braket stainless steel merek A, B, dan C yang direndam dalam air laut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan pra eksperimental serta desain penelitian nonequivalent control group. Sampel diuji menggunakan spektroskopi UV-Vis untuk mengetahui pelepasan logam nikel dan cromium. Sampel terdiri dari 4 macam merek braket direndam dalam air laut selama 48 jam pada suhu 37ºC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pelepasan logam nikel dan kromium dalam air laut yang bervariasi di tiap sampel. Sampel A memiliki pelepasan nikel 0,096 ppm dan kromium 0,202 ppm; sampel B memiliki pelepasan nikel 0,154 ppm dan kromium 0,027; sampel C memiliki pelepasan nikel 0,066 ppm dan kromium 0,019 ppm. Pelepasan kromium pada tiap sampel lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pelepasan nikel. Hasil penelitian tidak menunjukan pola tertentu. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena komposisi yang berbeda-beda dari braket stainless steel tergantung ketentuan masing-masing pembuatnya.Kata kunci: braket stainless steel, nikel dan cromium, spektroskopi UV-Vis, air laut

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Alveolar bone defects in adults reporting for orthodontic treatment - A CBCT study

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽

Author(s):

Akriti Tiwari ◽

Ravindra Kumar Jain ◽

Remmiya Mary Varghese

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Bone Defects ◽

The Other ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Males And Females ◽

Age Range ◽

Alveolar Bone Defect

Identifying alveolar bony fenestration and dehiscence preceding orthodontic treatment, especially arch expansion, is needed. An unrevealed and undiagnosed buccal alveolar bone defect leads to treatment relapse and further loss of bony support. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of posterior alveolar bony dehiscence and fenestration in adults undergoing orthodontic treatment. A total of 20 subjects in the age range 18-35 years were selected for this study randomly and their CBCT records were retrieved from the Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha dental college. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Chi-square test was used to determine the association of extent of fenestrations and dehiscence between males and females. Females presented with wider and extensive dehiscence defects than males (p=0.019, p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically non-significant association of fenestration severity between males and females. (p=0.178, p>0.05) Within the limits of this study, it was observed that females presented with more severe bony alveolar dehiscence than males.

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Short-Term Effect of Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners on Pain and sEMG Activity of Masticatory Muscles

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57020178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Alessandro Nota ◽

Silvia Caruso ◽

Shideh Ehsani ◽

Gianmaria Fabrizio Ferrazzano ◽

Roberto Gatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Electromyography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Rank Test ◽

Nominal Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Semg Activity

Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles activity and pain on palpation in the early stages of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity and pain level on muscle palpation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded in a sample of 16 adult subjects (aged 18–32 years; mean 22.5 +/− 3.5 SD) undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners before the treatment (T0), after 1 month of treatment (two clear aligners) (T1), and after 3 months of treatment (T2) (six clear aligners). A chi-square test for nominal data, a Friedman test, and a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as post hoc analysis were applied. Results: No statistically significant differences in muscular pain were observed. At T1, the sEMG activity of masseter muscles at mandibular rest position showed a statistically significant reduction, but after 3 months (T2), the data appeared similar to T0 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the treatment with clear aligners, subjects could experience an initial reduction in the masseter basal activity after 1 month of treatment. This effect tends to decrease to baseline levels after 3 months of therapy.

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The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00355-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Martina ◽

Alessandra Amato ◽

Paolo Faccioni ◽

Alfredo Iandolo ◽

Massimo Amato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Point Of View ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Patient Health ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

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Performance of Abbreviated Protocols Versus Unenhanced MRI in Detecting Occult Breast Lesions of Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1122604/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suhong Zhao ◽

Peipei Chen ◽

Guangrui Shao ◽

Baijie Li ◽

Huikun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reading Time ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Chi Square ◽

Dense Breast Tissue ◽

Negative Findings ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Objective: To assess the diagnostic ability of abbreviated protocols of MRI (AP-MRI) compared with unenhanced MRI (UE-MRI) in mammographically occult cancers in patients with dense breast tissue.Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis consisted of 102 patients without positive findings on mammography who received preoperative MRI full diagnostic protocols (FDP) between January 2015 and December 2018. Two breast radiologists read the UE, AP, and FDP. The interpretation times were recorded. The comparisons of the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of each MRI protocol, and the sensitivity of these protocols in each subgroup of different size tumors used the Chi-square test. The paired sample t-test was used for evaluating the difference of reading time of the three protocols.Results: Among 102 women, there were 68 cancers and two benign lesions in 64 patients and 38 patients had benign or negative findings. Both readers found the sensitivity and specificity of AP and UE-MRI were similar (p>0.05), whereas compared with FDP, UE had lower sensitivity (Reader 1/Reader 2: p=0.023, 0.004). For different lesion size groups, one of the readers found that AP and FDP had higher sensitivities than UE-MRI for detecting the lesions ≤10 mm in diameter (p=0.041, p=0.023). Compared with FDP, the average reading time of UE-MRI and AP was remarkably reduced (p < 0.001).Conclusion: AP-MRI had more advantages than UE-MRI to detect mammographically occult cancers, especially for breast tumors ≤10 mm in diameter.

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Abstract 14721: Impact of Covid-19 on Cardiology Consultation in Tertiary Care Hospital of a Developing Country

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

ghufran adnan ◽

Osman Faheem ◽

Maria Khan ◽

Pirbhat Shams ◽

Jamshed Ali

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Drastic Increase ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed the healthcare system of Pakistan. There has been observation regarding changes in pattern of patient presentation to emergency department (ED) for all diseases particularly cardiovascular. The aim of the study is to investigate these changes in cardiology consultations and compare pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 era. Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in cardiology consultations during COVID era as compared to non-COVID era. Method: We collected data retrospectively of consecutive patients who visited emergency department (ED) during March-April 2019 (non-COVID era) and March-April 2020 (COVID era). Comparison has been made to quantify the differences in clinical characteristics, locality, admission, type, number, and reason of Cardiology consults generated. Results: We calculated the difference of 1351 patients between COVID and non-COVID era in terms of cardiology consults generated from Emergency department, using Chi-square test. Out of which 880 (59%) are male with mean age of 61(SD=15). Analysis shows pronounced augmentation in number of comorbidities [Hypertension(6%), Chronic kidney disease (6%), Diabetes (5%)] but there was 36% drop in total cardiology consultations and 43% reduction rate in patient’s ED visit from other cities during COVID era. There was 60% decrease in acute coronary syndrome presentation in COVID era, but fortuitously drastic increase (30%) in type II myocardial injury has been noted. Conclusion: There is a remarkable decline observed in patients presenting with cardiac manifestations during COVID era. Lack in timely care could have a pernicious impact on outcomes, global health care organizations should issue directions to adopt telemedicine services in underprivileged areas to provide timely care to cardiac patients.

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Adjunctive orthodontic management of a missing upper right central incisor in a 12-year-old male using a fixed orthodontic appliance

Calabar Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.25259/cjhs_39_2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Monica Ndudi Adekoya

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Midline Shift ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Vertical Relationships ◽

Straight Wire ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Artificial Tooth

This article presents a successful orthodontic management of a 12-year-old male using a fixed orthodontic appliance (straight wire technique). His orthodontic treatment was hinged on creating enough space to accept an artificial tooth, correcting the horizontal and vertical relationships of the upper incisors to the lower and the midline shift. Ultimately, an esthetic smile was achieved; function and self-esteem were improved when the artificial tooth was finally fixed.

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Association Between Positive Occipital Sharp Transients of Sleep and Lambda Waves

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/1550059418813020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 219-221

Author(s):

Ushtar Amin ◽

Lucy Sullivan ◽

Pat Trudeau ◽

Selim R. Benbadis

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

High Association ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Strong Similarity ◽

Continuity Correction ◽

Chi Square Test

Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep (POSTS) and lambda waves have similar morphology and location. We studied a possible association between these 2 normal EEG patterns. We reviewed a series of consecutive unselected ambulatory EEGs during a 3-month period (October 16, 2017 to January 19, 2018) and identified records with POSTS and records with lambda waves. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test. A total of 140 ambulatory EEGs were reviewed. Duration of EEGs ranged from 24 to 168 hours (mean 76 hours). The population was 34% males, with ages ranging from 3 to 93 years (mean 48 years). Of the 140 records, 30 were abnormal, including 20 with epileptiform abnormalities. A chi-square test for independence (with Yates continuity correction) indicated a significant association between POSTS and lambda waves, χ2(1, n = 140) = 69.208, p < .001, φ = 0.72. In addition, 100% of records with lambda waves had POSTS, and 72% of records with POSTS had lambda waves. There is a high association between lambda waves and POSTS. This suggests a strong similarity between the 2 waveforms, and possibly a common occipital generator.

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