Continuous Glucose Profiles in Obese and Normal-Weight Pregnant Women on a Controlled Diet: Metabolic determinants of fetal growth

ABSTRAK Kenaikan berat badan ibu hamil merupakan adanya adaptasi ibu terhadap pertumbuhan janin, sedangkan berat badan bayi baru lahir merupakan bagian dari hasil pertumbuhan janin yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh kenaikan berat badan ibu selama hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan serta badan ibu hamil trimester 3 dengan berat badan bayi baru lahir di Puskesmas Tanah KaliKedinding Surabaya.Jenis penelitian ini adalah korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu post partum yang melahirkan di Puskesmas Tanah KaliKedinding Surabaya dengan populasi 35 responden sampel sebanyak 32 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampling menggunakan Quota Sampling. Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi. Hasil yang didapat dari 32 responden terdapat berat badan ibu hamil yang normal sebanyak 17 orang (53,1%). Berat badan bayi baru lahir dengan berat sedang sebanyak 23 orang (71,9). Hasil analisis uji statistic Spierman Rho menunjukkan bahwa signifikan rho value sebesar 0,003 (α≤ 0,05) maka dengan ini H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Artinya terdapat Hubungan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil Trimester 3 Dengan Berat Badan Bayi Baru Lahir di Puskesmas Tanah KaliKedinding Surabaya. Pemantauan berat badan ibu hamil penting untuk mengetahui tumbuh kembang janin. ANC secara teratur merupakan upaya pemantauan yang efektif sehingga mengurangi resiko gangguan dalam persalinan. Kata kunci :berat badan ibu hamil, berat badan bayi baru lahir, trimester 3 ABSTRACT Maternal weight gain is a maternal adaptation of fetal growth, while newborn weight is part of fetal growth that may be affected by maternal weight gain during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body trimester pregnant mother 3 with newborn weight at Puskesmas Tanah KaliKedinding Surabaya. This research type is correlation with csoss sectional approach. The population in this research is post partum mother who gave birth at Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya with population of 35 sample respondents as many as 32 respondents. Sampling technique uses Sampling Quota. This research instrument uses observation sheet. Results obtained from 32 respondents had normal weight of pregnant women as many as 17 people (53.1%). Newborn weight with moderate weight as many as 23 people (71,9). The result of Spierman Rho statistic test shows that the significant rho value is 0,003 (α≤ 0,05) hence H0 is rejected and H1 accepted. This means that there is a Weight Pregnancy Trimester 3 Pregnant Wife With New Baby Weight Born in Puskesmas Tanah KaliKedinding Surabaya. Monitoring the weight of pregnant women is important to know the growth of fetal growth. ANCs are regularly an effective monitoring effort thus reducing the risk of impairment in labor. Keywords: maternal weight, weight of newborn baby, trimester 3.

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Continuous Glucose Profiles in Obese and Normal-Weight Pregnant Women on a Controlled Diet

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey ◽

10.1097/ogx.0b013e318247c535 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 75-77

Author(s):

Kristin A. Harmon ◽

Teri L. Hernandez ◽

Lori Gerard ◽

Melanie S. Reece ◽

Dalan R. Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Glucose Profiles

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Dioxin-like Activity in Pregnant Women and Indices of Fetal Growth: The ACCEPT Birth Cohort

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics10010026 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Manhai Long ◽

Maria Wielsøe ◽

Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Growth Indices ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

Median Level ◽

Marine Food ◽

Toxic Responses

Exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (lipPOPs) elicits a number of species- and tissue-specific toxic responses, many of which involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aims to measure the combined serum dioxin-like activity of lipPOPs in Greenlandic Inuit pregnant women and the associations with fetal growth indices. The combined dioxin-like activity of serum lipPOPs extracts was determined using the AhR reporter gene bioassay and expressed as pico-gram (pg) TCDD equivalent (TEQ) per gram serum lipid [AhR-TEQ (pg/g lipid)]. Significant AhR-TEQ was found in > 87% of serum samples with the median level of 86.2 pg TEQ/g lipid. The AhR-TEQ level positively correlated with the marine food intake biomarker n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, while negatively correlated with body mass index and parity. Women giving birth to infants with low birth weight (<2500 g) and length (<50 cm) had higher AhR-TEQ level compared to those with normal weight and length infants. For previous smokers, we found significant inverse associations between maternal AhR-TEQ level and fetal growth indices. In conclusion, exposure of Greenlandic Inuit pregnant women to dioxin-like compounds through traditional marine food can adversely influence the fetal growth via induced AhR activity. Smoking might have modifying effects.

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Elevated insulin sensitivity and β-cell function during pregnancy in mothers of growth-restricted newborns

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00024.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 301 (1) ◽

pp. E25-E30 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Maria Grazia Dalfrà ◽

Giovanni Pacini ◽

Elena Parretti ◽

Eugenio Ragazzi ◽

Giorgio Mello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Cell Function ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Disposition Index ◽

Insulinogenic Index ◽

Β Cell ◽

Β Cell Function

The “Barker hypothesis” suggests that low birth weight might predict future risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Identification of the causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is critical for preventive and management strategies. Some studies indicate that maternal carbohydrate metabolism might be involved in FGR development. We aimed to evaluate, in a large number of normotensive pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, the effect of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function on unexplained fetal growth. A total of 1,814 Caucasian pregnant women with normal prepregnancy body mass index were tested with a 75-g, 2-h glucose load (24–28 gestation wk). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated with fasting (QUICKI) and dynamic index (OGIS) and β-cell function with a modified insulinogenic index as ΔAUCinsulin/ΔAUCglucose and disposition index. FGR was a birth weight below the 5th percentile for gestational age. FGR developed in 99 (5.5%) pregnant women that showed significantly higher QUICKI, OGIS, insulinogenic, and disposition index with respect to women with normal-weight babies ( P < 0.0001). By using multiple regression analysis in the FRG group, QUICKI and OGIS appeared as significant independent variables ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0366, respectively). We conclude that elevated insulin sensitivity seems to be one of the factors involved in determining unexplained fetal growth retardation; its assessment, even only in the fasting state, could be useful to guide any possible monitoring and therapeutic strategies to reduce fetal complications.

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FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION WITH EARLY AND LATE MANIFESTATION, PROGNOSTIC MARKERS

Global problems of modernity ◽

10.26787/nydha-2713-2048-2020-1-10-11-12-27-30 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Yakubova D.I.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Prenatal Screening ◽

Prognostic Markers ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Late Manifestation ◽

Late Form ◽

Early Manifestation

Objective of the study: Comprehensive assessment of risk factors, the implementation of which leads to FGR with early and late manifestation. To evaluate the results of the first prenatal screening: PAPP-A, B-hCG, made at 11-13 weeks. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study included 110 pregnant women. There were 48 pregnant women with early manifestation of fetal growth restriction, 62 pregnant women with late manifestation among them. Results of the study: The risk factors for the formation of the FGR are established. Statistically significant differences in the indicators between groups were not established in the analyses of structures of extragenital pathology. According to I prenatal screening, there were no statistical differences in levels (PAPP-A, b-hCG) in the early and late form of FGR.

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Fetal growth retardation and hemorheological predictors of oxygen delivery in hypertensive vs normotensive pregnant women

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation ◽

10.3233/ch-199002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 387-396

Author(s):

Jean-Frédéric Brun ◽

Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie ◽

Pierre Boulot ◽

Bénédicte Marion ◽

Céline Roques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Oxygen Delivery ◽

Fetal Growth Retardation

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Associations of the pre-pregnancy weight status with anemia and the erythropoiesis-related micronutrient status

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002627 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Noor Rohmah Mayasari ◽

Tzu-Yu Hu ◽

Jane C-J Chao ◽

Chyi-Huey Bai ◽

Yi Chun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Population Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Objective: The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies. Design: Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. The weight status was defined based on the pBMI. Mild nutrition deficiency-related erythropoiesis was defined if individuals had an ID, folate depletion, or a vitamin B12 deficiency. Setting: The Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017-2019). Participants: We included 1456 women aged 20 to 45 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: Among these pregnant women, 9.6% were UW, and 29.2% were either OW (15.8%) or OB (13.4%). A U-shaped association between the pBMI and IDA was observed, with decreased odds (OR; 95% CI) for OW subjects (0.6; 0.4˜0.9) but increased odds for UW (1.2; 0.8˜2.0) and OB subjects (1.2; 0.8˜1.8). The pBMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of a mild nutritional deficiency. Compared to normal weight (NW), OB pregnant women had 3.4-fold (3.4; 1.4˜8.1) higher odds for multiple mild nutritional deficiencies, while UW individuals had lowest odds (0.3; 0.1-1.2). A dietary analysis showed negative relationships of pBMI with energy, carbohydrates, protein, iron, and folate intakes, but positive relationship with fat intakes. Conclusion: The pre-pregnancy weight status can possibly serve as a good nutritional screening tool for preventing IDA during pregnancy.

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Maternal plasma fetuin-A levels in fetal growth restriction: A case-control study

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.18502/ijrm.v17i7.4860 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mujde Can Ibano ◽

Cem Yasar Sanhal ◽

Seval Ozgu-Erdinc ◽

Aykan Yucel

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Case Control ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Fetuin A ◽

Control Study

Background: Higher Fetuin-A (FA) concentrations were found to be associated with obesity and there is an interest to the relation between maternal FA and pregnancy outcomes. Objective: In this study, our aim was to evaluate the association of maternal plasma levels of FA with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Materials and Methods: 41 pregnant women with FGR and 40 controls were recruited in this case-control study between July and November 2015. At the diagnosis of FGR, venous blood samples (10 cc) were obtained for FA analysis. Results: Maternal plasma FA levels were significantly higher in fetal growth-restricted pregnant women compared with controls (19.3 ± 3.0 ng/ml vs 25.9 ± 6.8 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of FA in FGR was 0.815 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.718-0.912, p < 0.001). The maternal FA levels with values more than 22.5 ng/ml had a sensitivity of about 73.17% (95% CI: 56.79- 85.25) and a specificity of about 82.5% (95% CI: 66.64-92.11) with positive and negative predictive values of about 81.08% (95% CI: 64.29-91.45) and 75% (95% CI: 59.35-86.30), respectively. Therefore, the diagnostic accuracy was obtained about 77.78%. Conclusion: The results of this study show higher maternal plasma levels of FA in FGR. Further studies are needed in order to demonstrate the long-term effects of FA in pregnancies complicated with FGR and early prediction of FGR.

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Antiphospholipid antibodies, genetic thrombophilia and fetal growth retardation

Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproduction ◽

10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.278 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 695-704

Author(s):

E. A. Orudzhova

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Factor V Leiden ◽

Control Group ◽

Fetal Growth Retardation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim: to study the role of antiphospholipid antibodies (AРA) and genetic thrombophilia as a potential cause of the development or a component in the pathogenesis of early and late fetal growth retardation (FGR).Materials and Methods. There was conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial with 118 women enrolled. The main group consisted of 83 patients, whose pregnancy was complicated by FGR degrees II and III, stratified into two groups: group 1 – 36 pregnant women with early FGR, group 2 – 47 pregnant women with late FGR. Women were subdivided into subgroups according to the FGR severity. The control group consisted of 35 pregnant women with a physiological course of pregnancy. АРА were determined according to the Sydney antiphospholipid syndrome criteria by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA): against cardiolipin, β2 -glycoprotein 1, annexin V, prothrombin, etc. (IgG/IgM isotypes); lupus anticoagulant – by the three-stage method with Russell's viper venom; antithrombin III and protein C levels – by chromogenic method; prothrombin gene polymorphisms G20210A and factor V Leiden – by polymerase chain reaction; homocysteine level – by ELISA.Results. AРA circulation (medium and high titers), genetic thrombophilic defects and/or hyperhomocysteinemia were detected in 40 (48.2 %) patients with FGR, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05): in group 1 (41.7 % of women) AРA (30.6 %) and AРA with genetic thrombophilia or hyperhomocysteinemia (11.1 %) were revealed; in group 2 (51.1 % of women) AРA (21.3 %), AРA with hyperhomocysteinemia (4.3 %), genetic thrombophilia (25.5 %), and due to hyperhomocysteinemia (2.1 %) were found. No differences in prevalence of thrombophilia rate in patients were observed related to FGR severity, but a correlation between the FGR severity and AРA titers was found.Conclusion. Testing for the presence of AРA, genetic thrombophilia and hyperhomocysteinemia should be recommended for patients with FGR (including those with FGR in medical history), especially in the case of its early onset. It is recommended to determine the full AРA spectrum.

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“INTERGROWTH21st vs customized fetal growth curves in the assessment of the neonatal nutritional status: a retrospective cohort study of gestational diabetes”

10.21203/rs.2.15293/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Jesus Fernández Alba ◽

Estefania Soto Pazos ◽

Rocio Moreno Cortes ◽

Angel Vilar Sanchez ◽

Carmen Gonzalez Macias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Growth Curves

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes including newborns large for gestational age, macrosomia, preeclampsia, polihydramnios, stillbirth, and neonatal morbidity. Thus, fetal growth should be monitored by ultrasound to limit fetal overnutrition, and thereby, its clinical consequence, macrosomia. However, it is not clear which reference curve to use to define the limits of normality. Our aim is to determine which method, INTERGROWTH21st or customized curves, better identifies the nutritional status of newborns of diabetic mothers.Methods This retrospective cohort study compared the risk of malnutrition in SGA newborns and the risk of overnutrition in LGA newborns using INTERGROWTH21st and customized birth weight references in gestational diabetes. Additionally, to determine the ability of both methods in the identification of neonatal malnutrition and overnutrition, we calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios.Results 231 pregnant women with GDM were included in the study. The rate of SGA indentified by INTERGROWTH21st was 4.7% vs 10.7% identified by the customized curves. The rate of LGA identified by INTERGROWT21st was 25.6% vs 13.2% identified by the customized method. Newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH21st.(RR 4.24 vs 2.5). LGA newborns according to the customized method also showed a higher risk of overnutrition than those classified as LGA according to INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 5.26 vs 3.57). In addition, the positive predictive value of the customized method was superior to that of INTERGROWTH21st in the identification of malnutrition (32% vs 27.27%), severe malnutrition (22.73% vs 20%), overnutrition (51.61% vs 32.20%) and severe overnutrition (28.57% vs 14.89%).Conclusions In pregnant women with GDM, the ability of customized fetal growth curves to identify the newborns with alterations in nutritional status exceeds that of INTERGROWTH21st.

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