scholarly journals Using Indirect Measures to Identify Geographic Hot Spots of Poor Glycemic Control: Cross-sectional Comparisons With an A1C Registry

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Lee ◽  
Qun Jiang ◽  
Bahman P. Tabaei ◽  
Brian Elbel ◽  
Christian A. Koziatek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Measures

scholarly journals Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110352
Author(s):  
Yordanos Mengistu ◽  
Gobena Dedefo ◽  
Mesay Arkew ◽  
Gebeyehu Asefa ◽  
Gutema Jebessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewer

Background: Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat’s effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia. Objective: Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Method: A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement. Result: (Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects. Recommendation: Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.

scholarly journals Significant Differences in the Prevalence of Elevated HbA1c Levels for Type I and Type II Diabetics Attending the Parirenyatwa Diabetic Clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurai Z. Chako ◽  
Heather Phillipo ◽  
Erisi Mafuratidze ◽  
Danai Tavonga Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Public Health Facility ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Diabetics have chronically elevated glucose levels. High levels of glucose result in nonenzymatic formation of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Therefore, elevated HbA1c is a good indicator of poorly controlled diabetes. We used the standard HbA1c method to determine glycemic control in diabetics attending a public health facility in Harare, Zimbabwe. Our study sought to assess the prevalence of elevated HbA1c amongst treated diabetics and compare the HbA1c levels by type of diabetes. The cross-sectional study was carried out at one of the main public health centres in Zimbabwe: the Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals in Harare. Type I and type II diabetics were recruited and had their blood HbA1c levels measured. The standard one tailed proportion z test was used to test the hypothesis at 5% significance level. Combined prevalence of type I and type II diabetics with elevated HbA1c was 27%. There was no significant difference in levels of HbA1c by age and sex. Over half (54%) of Type I diabetics had elevated HbA1c, suggesting poor glycemic control. In contrast only 24% of the Type II diabetics studied had elevated HbA1c. The difference in proportion of Type I and Type II diabetics with elevated HbA1c suggestive of poor glycemic control was significant (P=0.0067).

scholarly journals Barriers to care in patients with diabetes and poor glycemic control—A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. McBrien ◽  
Christopher Naugler ◽  
Noah Ivers ◽  
Robert G. Weaver ◽  
David Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Barriers To Care ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251506
Author(s):  
Shambel Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Birhan ◽  
Firehiwot Amare ◽  
Getnet Mengistu ◽  
Fuad Adem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.

scholarly journals Hypomagnesemia and Poor Glycemic Control Among Palestinian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohmmad Hamarshih ◽  
Suha Hamshari ◽  
Zaher Nazzal ◽  
Farha Abu Snobar ◽  
Rawa Mletat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Hypomagnesemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycemic control and diabetic complications.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females). Serum magnesium levels were measured by the Colorimetric Endpoint Method using the Cobas C501system. Hypomagnesemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data were also obtained; patients' characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, co-morbidities, and therapeutic management. Results: Patients' mean age was 56.2 ±10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than ten years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5±2. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%-14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%-5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥ 8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%-5.5%), and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%-7.1%). Conclusions: the study showed that hypomagnesemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reni Marlina ◽  
Ricke Loesnihari ◽  
Santi Syafril
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Urinary Glucose

The incidence of infection often occurs in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) due to hyperglycemia that causes dysfunction of chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, malfunction of neutrophils and glycosuria. It is followed by other complications that lead to the malfunction of the bladder. Highly urinary glucose level is an exellent medium for pathogenic microorganisms growth. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) is a risk factor for symptomatic urinary tract infection spontaneously or due to urinary catheters. This study aimed to analyze the association between the incidence of ASB of type 2 DM and glycemic control. The study was conducted during June-August 2016 with a cross-sectional method. Subjects were type 2 DM patients with age ≤60 years, who were treated in the Endocrinology Out-Patient Clinic of the Adam Malik Hospital. HbA1c was measured by Indiko automatic analyzer. Its association with urine culture results was analyzed. A total of 50 samples were enrolled, consisting of 25 females, and 25 males, with 19 having an exellent glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) and 31 with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Thirteen positive ASB were found, 5 with good glycemic control and 8 with poor glycemic control. Statistical analysis revealed a nonsignificant association between glycemic control and culture results (p = 1.000). Somers’d did not show a significant association between glycemic control and the incidence of ASB (p=0.968, d=-0.005). However, significant differences in culture results between gender, in which the ASB were found in samples of four females and two males (p=0.004). Somers’d revealed a significant association between culture results and gender (p=0.001; d=-0.360). Most of the bacteria found were Gram-negative. There was no significant association between glycemic control with an incidence of ASB. However, gender had significant differences in the incidence of ASB, which occurred more frequently in DM females than males. Urinalysis should be performed in patients with type 2 DM with ASB. However, further study was needed to analyze the relationship between glycemic control with the incidence of ASB and other factors that might affect the incidence of ASB.

scholarly journals Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Zhian S. Ramzi ◽  
Mahfoodh A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Microalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out                                                                                       to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia.  In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Aetiopathological and demographic profile of diabetic foot: a prospective cross sectional study from a tertiary hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Ragesh Kalikottu Valappil ◽  
Sheena Krishnan ◽  
Siddharth Matad ◽  
Shameej Kinakool Vayalipath
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder affecting large segment of population and is a major public health problem.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 150 patients conducted in the Department of Surgery at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaResults: Maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 60-69. Male to female ratio is 3.04:1.50% had duration of diabetes <10 years and 50% had duration ≥10. years. 81 (54%) patients had neuropathy, 53 (35.3%) had PVD, 41 (27.3%) had history of prior foot ulcer, 70 (46.7%) had poor glycemic control (RBS >200 mg/dl) at the time of admission and 44 (29.3%) had history of smoking.Conclusions: Most important risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers were neuropathy (54%), poor glycemic control (46.7%) and PVD (35.3%), diabetic foot requires a comprehensive management.

scholarly journals Stigma and Its Association With Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Brazeau ◽  
Meranda Nakhla ◽  
Michael Wright ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
Constadina Panagiotopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Hypoglycemic Episode ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Qualitative studies in type 1 diabetes indicate that visibility of diabetes supplies, self-care, and hypoglycemia symptoms are associated with stigma and suboptimal management. This may be particularly salient in youth who face concurrent challenges such as establishing autonomy and making vocational choices. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to estimate stigma prevalence in youth (aged 14-24 years) with type 1 diabetes and its associations with glycemic control. METHODS Participants, recruited largely through social media, were asked to complete a Web-based survey and to send via mail capillary blood samples for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement. The primary definition of stigma required endorsement of one or more of 3 stigma-specific items of the Barriers to Diabetes Adherence questionnaire. These addressed avoidance of diabetes management with friends present, difficulty telling others about diabetes diagnosis, and embarrassment in performing diabetes care with others present. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c>9% (ie, >75 mmol/mol; measured value when available, else self-report) and/or ≥1 severe hypoglycemic episode in the previous year (reported requiring assistance from someone else during the episode). Stigma prevalence was computed (95% CI), and associations with glycemic control were evaluated (multivariate logistic regression models). RESULTS Among the 380 respondents, stigma prevalence was 65.5% (95% CI 60.7-70.3). Stigma was associated with a 2-fold higher odds of poor glycemic control overall (odds ratio [OR] 2.25, 95% CI 1.33-3.80; adjusted for age, sex, and type of treatment). There were specific associations with both HbA1c>9% (75 mmol/mol; OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.36-6.86) and severe hypoglycemia in the previous year (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.05-3.31). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of stigma in youth with type 1 diabetes that is associated with both elevated HbA1c levels and severe hypoglycemia. Targeted strategies to address stigma are needed. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02796248; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796248 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yisxeV0B)

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