scholarly journals The Effect of Perioperative Ibuprofen Use on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-Office Bleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Paula ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
D Fernandes ◽  
A Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Student’S T Test

SUMMARY Objective: This study determined the effect of the administration of perioperative ibuprofen 400 mg on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching. Methods: A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 adults who received placebo or ibuprofen before and after bleaching. The drugs were administered three times per day for 48 hours; the first dose was given one hour prior to the bleaching treatment. Two bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel were performed with a one-week interval. Tooth sensitivity was recorded on two scales: visual analogue and five-point verbal rating scale up to 48 hours after bleaching. The shade evaluation was performed with a visual shade guide and spectrophotometer, before and 30 days after bleaching. The absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and its intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. The shade changes were evaluated by Student's t-test. Results: Both groups showed similar absolute risk of tooth sensitivity (p>0.05). Lower tooth sensitivity was observed in the experimental group only up to one hour postbleaching (p=0.04). Similar tooth sensitivity was observed in the other periods of time. Conclusion: The perioperative use of the anti-inflammatory ibuprofen was not able to avoid tooth sensitivity but reduced its intensity up to one hour after bleaching.

Clinical Effects of Exposure to Coffee During At-home Vital Bleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. E229-E236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rezende ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to coffee during bleaching treatment with 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) affects the degree of whitening and tooth sensitivity. Forty patients with central incisors darker than A2 were selected. Participants who did not drink coffee were assigned to the control group (CG), while participants who drink coffee at least twice a day were assigned to the experimental group (EG). For CG, foods with dyes were restricted. For EG there was no restriction on food and patients were asked to make coffee rinses for 30 seconds, four times daily. For both groups 16% CP was used for a period of three hours daily for three weeks. Shade evaluation was assessed visually by Vita classical shade guide and by the Easyshade spectrophotometer at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and postbleaching (one week and one month). Patients recorded their sensitivity perceptions by means of the numerical rating scale and 0-10 visual analog scales. Variation in shade guide units and the two colors (ΔE) were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Effective bleaching was observed for both groups after three weeks, without statistical difference. No difference in terms of risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity was detected between groups. Approximately 57% of the participants experienced tooth sensitivity, which was recorded mainly as “mild.” Exposure to coffee during bleaching treatment does not seem to affect the degree of bleaching and tooth sensitivity.

Clinical Evaluation of Genotoxicity of In-office Bleaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rezende ◽  
JL De Geus ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis ◽  
D Kossatz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide in epithelial cells from the gingival and lip tissues. Methods and Materials: Thirty volunteers with central incisors shade A1 or darker were selected for this study. The gingival tissue of the teeth to be bleached was isolated with a light-polymerized resin dam, and the 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was administered during three 15-minute applications over the course of the 45-minute application period. Two bleaching sessions with a one-week interval in between were performed. Exfoliated oral mucosa gingival epithelial cells and upper lip lining were collected at baseline and one month after the in-office dental bleaching. The scraped cells were placed on clean glass slides and smears were prepared. After staining with Giemsa solution, two blinded examiners performed cell and micronuclei counts under a 100× optical microscope. Tooth sensitivity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Shade evaluation was recorded before and one month after the bleaching treatment with the value-oriented shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER and the spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade. Data from the shade guide units and the micronuclei (MN) frequency were subjected to a Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). The overall difference between before and one month after the bleaching treatment (ΔE and ΔSGU), absolute risk, and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) were calculated, as was the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The frequency of MN was not increased after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide in both study groups (p>0.05). The absolute risk of TS of the participants was 93% (95% CI, 79%-98%), with a mean VAS intensity of 5.7 ± 2.9 (95% CI, 4.6-6.8). Meaningful whitening was observed after bleaching. The change in shade guide units in the Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER was 2.3 ± 1.4. In terms of ΔE, the change in color was 7.7 ± 3.5. Conclusions: The in-office bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival and lip tissue during the bleaching period. Although effective whitening was observed, most of the participants experienced TS.

Effectiveness of and Dental Sensitivity to At-home Bleaching With 4% and 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized, Triple-blind Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chemin ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the risk for and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change of at-home dental bleaching with 4% and 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methods: For this study, 78 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups: HP 4 (White Class 4%, FGM) and HP 10 (White Class 10%, FGM). In both groups, the at-home bleaching was performed for a period of 30 minutes twice a day for two weeks. The color was assessed by Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER and spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik) at baseline, during bleaching (first and second weeks) and after bleaching (one month). Patients recorded their tooth sensitivity using a numeric rating scale (0-4) and visual analog scale (0-10). Data from color change (DeltaE data) was submitted to two-way analysis of variance. The color change data in Delta SGU from the two shade guide units were compared with the Mann Whitney test. The risk of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by χ2 test and the intensity of tooth sensitivity from both scales was evaluated by a Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Results: The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity was higher in the group that used HP 10 than the one that used HP 4. Data from change in the number of shade guide units and color variation after one month of bleaching for both groups showed significant whitening, with no difference between groups. Conclusions: At-home bleaching is effective with 4% and 10% HP concentrations, but 10% HP increased the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during at-home bleaching.

scholarly journals Effect of At-Home Bleaching on Oxygen Saturation Levels in the Dental Pulp of Maxillary Central Incisors

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Solda ◽  
Fernando Branco Barletta ◽  
José Roberto Vanni ◽  
Paula Lambert ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Reis Só ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
At Home

Abstract The present study assessed oxygen saturation (SaO2) levels before, during, and after at-home bleaching treatment in the pulps of healthy maxillary central incisors. SaO2 levels were measured in 136 healthy maxillary central incisors using a pulse oximeter. The bleaching protocol consisted of 10% carbamide peroxide gel placed in individual trays and used for four hours daily for 14 days. SaO2 levels were assessed before bleaching (T0), immediately after the first session (T1), on the 7th day of treatment (T2), on the 15th day (the day following the last session) (T3), and 30 days after completion of the bleaching protocol (T4). Data were statistically analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE), Student’s t test (p<0.05) and Pearson’s correlation. Mean pulp SaO2 levels were 85.1% at T0, 84.9% at T1, 84.7% at T2, 84.3% at T3, and 85.0% at T4. Gradual reductions in SaO2 levels were observed, with significant differences (p<0.001) during the course of home bleaching treatment. However, 30 days after the end of the bleaching protocol, SaO2 levels returned to baseline levels. Home bleaching caused a reversible transient decrease in SaO2 levels in the pulps.

scholarly journals Possibility to predict the development of secondary depression in primary alcoholics during abstinence

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Mandic-Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Primary Male ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background/Aim. The relationship between alcoholism and depression is observed in clinical trials. The factors which could predict persistence of secondary depression after alcohol withdrawal are not enough explored on admission. The differences between depressed (DA) and non-depressed (NDA) alcoholics regarding the degrees of severity of withdrawal, severity of depression and the intensity of cognitive dysfunctions were explored on admission to investigate possibility of prediction of the development of secondary depression in alcoholics. Methods. A group of primary male alcoholics (n=86) was recruited during inpatient treatment. After 4 weeks alcoholics were divided in the DA group (n=43) and NDA (n=43) group according to the score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Clinical assessment of withdrawal, scoring on the Alcohol Dependency Severity Scale- ASD, and scoring on the Mini Mental Scale-MMSE were performed in all the participants on admission. The differences between the groups were tested by the Student's t-test. Results. The DA group showed the significantly higher severity of depression, higher levels of alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions than the NDA group on admission. Conclusion. The specific group of depressive alcoholics was shown to be characterized by the higher severity of alcoholism and depression on admission, which could predict prolonged, secondary depression. Early detection and concurrent therapy of secondary depression could improve the treatment, and reduce the relapse of alcoholism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of self-massage in dysmenorrhea/ Ocena efektywności automasażu w redukcji bólu menstruacyjnego kobiet

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Anna Dobrzycka ◽  
Iwona Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Pain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Primary menstrual pain affects approximately 45-95% of women between 20-25 years of age. A non-invasive method in reducing menstrual pain by relaxing muscle tension is a massage. It brings the structural tension to normal levels and restores correct blood flow in the pelvic region. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of a self-massage in reducing the primary menstrual pain. Materials and methods: Out of 180 female students, 34 women aged 19-30 were qualified for the study with the use of a survey. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and visual analog pain scale (VAS) were used for the assessment before and after the therapy. Women in the experimental group performed tensegrity selfmassage a few days before the onset of bleeding for two menstrual cycles. Results were analyzed using Student’s t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Applying the self-massage statistically proved to significantly reduce the perception of pain (p=0.001) and the number of days with pain (p=0.007) in the experimental group. Within this group, the difference was noted in all participants except one. In addition, a third measurement was taken in order to assess the duration of the effect. The result of the average pain and number of days of pain after the extension was higher than in the second evaluation, but significantly lower than before the experiment. The significance was in accordance with the evaluation of pain, p=0.002 and number of days p=0.03. Evaluation of the quality of sleep in the experimental group was significantly better (p = 0.04) than before treatment. Conclusions: Self-massage reduces primary menstrual pain in women and can be used as an assisted form of self-therapy. It improves the quality of sleep.

Heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid components of the glycocalyx do not play a role in flow-mediated dilation of the iliac in the anaesthetized pig

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 746-752
Author(s):  
T. Ruane-O’Hora ◽  
D. O’Malley ◽  
M.M. Buckley ◽  
F. Markos
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Shear Stress Sensor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The shear-stress sensor function of vascular glycocalyx heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid was investigated in vivo by assessing flow-mediated dilation before and after their removal. Heparinase III exposure (100 mU·mL−1 for 20 min;n = 6) did not significantly affect flow-mediated dilation of the iliac, from 0.42 ± 0.08 mm (mean ± SEM) to 0.34 ± 0.07 mm after (P = 0.12; paired Student’s t test) for a statistically similar increase in shear stress; 18.24 ± 4.2 N·m−2 for the control and 15.8 ± 3.6 N·m−2 for the heparinase III experiment (P = 0.18). Hyaluronidase exposure (0.14–1.4 mg·mL−1 for 20 min; n = 8) also did not significantly reduce flow-mediated dilation of the iliac, which averaged 0.39 ± 0.08 mm before and 0.38 ± 0.09 mm after (P = 0.11) for a statistically similar increase in shear stress; 11.90 ± 3.20 N·m−2 for the control and 9.8 ± 3.33 N·m−2 for the hyaluronidase experiment (P = 0.88). Removal of both heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Neither the heparan sulphate nor the hyaluronic acid components of the glycocalyx mediate shear-stress-induced vasodilation in conduit arteries in vivo.

scholarly journals HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSES OF A WATERSHED TO VEGETATION CHANGES IN A TROPICAL SEMIARID REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUNICE MAIA DE ANDRADE ◽  
RAFAEL DO NASCIMENTO RODRIGUES ◽  
HELBA ARAÚJO DE QUEIROZ PALÁCIO ◽  
JOSÉ BANDEIRA BRASIL ◽  
JACQUES CARVALHO RIBEIRO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the effect of vegetation on the runoff coefficients of a Caatinga dry tropical forest before and after thinning. Thus, an experiment was conducted with evaluations in three hydrological years (2008, 2011 and 2013) in Iguatu, State of Ceará, Brazil. In 2008, the vegetation consisted of a 30-year regenerating Caatinga forest. The vegetation was subjected to thinning in 2009, 2011 and 2013, removing trees with less than 10-cm diameter at breast height. Hydrological responses were evaluated as a function of daily precipitation water depths, based on cumulative frequency distribution, by dividing precipitation events into three classes (CP) (CP≤30, 30<CP≤50 and CP>50 mm). Significant differences between runoff coefficients before and after vegetation thinning were assessed through the Student's t-test (p<0.01). Before thinning (2008), CP≤30 mm showed the highest runoff coefficient, differing statistically (p<0.01) from the other years. The results of precipitation events of great magnitude (CP>50 mm) indicate that the runoff is greatly dependent on rainfall characteristics and soil moisture conditions. The greater development of herbaceous vegetation due to thinning reduced the surface runoff.

Clinical Study of Bleaching Gel Storage Temperature on Tooth Color and Sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Hortkoff ◽  
B Fortes Bittencourt ◽  
J Mendes Nadal ◽  
OM Mongruel Gomes ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Storage Temperatures

SUMMARY Objective: The objective of this triple-blind, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity of an in-office bleaching agent submitted to different storage temperatures (room temperature at 21.04°C±3.13°C or refrigeration at 5°C). Methods and Materials: Thirty volunteers were selected who had central incisors with color A2 or higher. The volunteers' maxillary hemi-arches received either the bleaching treatment with room temperature or refrigerated storage temperatures (two sessions of 3×15 minutes, one-week interval). Color variation was evaluated by subjective (Vita Classic and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective methods (Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer). Tooth sensitivity was evaluated with the visual analog scale (0–10) and the numerical rating scale (five points). The consistency of bleaching gels was evaluated by flow test, and pH was measured, both in triplicate. Color variation (SGU) and ΔE were analyzed by paired t-test (α=0.05). The absolute risk of pain was assessed by McNemar test (α=0.05), data from the numerical rating scale by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=0.05), and visual analog scale by paired t-test. Comparison between the times within each group was analyzed by Friedman test. Gel consistency and pH were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-test. Results: Regarding the absolute risk of tooth sensitivity, no significant difference was observed between the groups. The relative risk for tooth sensitivity was 1.13 (95%, confidence interval 0.70–1.82). Both tooth sensitivity scales were statistically similar. The results of the subjective evaluation (Vita Classic: p=0.73, Vita Bleachedguide: p=1.00) and the objective evaluation (p=1.00) of bleaching efficacy corresponded to the hypothesis of equality between groups after bleaching. Both pH values were around 7, and for the consistency test, there were significant differences between the groups (p=0.002). Conclusions: Storage temperature of the analyzed in-office bleaching agent had no influence on tooth color effectiveness and tooth sensitivity.

The Effect of Using an Electric Fan on Dyspnea in Chinese Patients With Terminal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sio Leng Wong ◽  
Sok Man Leong ◽  
Cheng Man Chan ◽  
Sut Peng Kan ◽  
Hon Wai Benjamin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Fan therapy is often suggested for relieving the symptom of dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer, but relevant literature among Asians is limited. Objective: Phase 2 clinical trial to assess the clinical feasibility and outcome of using an electric fan to alleviate the symptom of dyspnea in Chinese patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Thirty patients with advanced cancer having unresolved breathlessness were recruited from Hospice and Palliative Care Centre of Kiang Wu Hospital in Macau. Participants were randomly and equally allocated to the experimental group and the control group, respectively. Outcome Measures: Verbal numerical rating scale (NRS) of breathlessness, respiratory rate (RR), and saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) was collected before and after the intervention. Results: T test was used to analyze the data collected. There was a significant difference in the NRS scores of the experimental group ( P < .01), indicating a significant reduction in the patients’ sensation of breathlessness after fan therapy, whereas no significant difference was found in the objective statistic results of RR and SpO2. No significant difference ( P > .05) was found in the control group for all the 3 variables before and after routine treatment. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that fan therapy could be effective in alleviating dyspnea in Chinese patients with advanced cancer. It should be considered as one of the nonpharmacological treatment option. Future large-scale phase 3 clinical trials are warranted.

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