Cuspal Flexure and Extent of Cure of a Bulk-fill Flowable Base Composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Francis ◽  
AD Braxton ◽  
W Ahmad ◽  
D Tantbirojn ◽  
JF Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Base Composite ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Lower Cure ◽  
The Way

SUMMARY Objectives To investigate a bulk-fill flowable base composite (Surefil SDR Flow) in terms of cuspal flexure and cure when used in incremental or bulk techniques. Methods Mesio-occluso-distal cavities (4 mm deep, 4 mm wide) were prepared in 24 extracted molars. The slot-shaped cavities were etched, bonded, and restored in 1) two 2-mm increments Esthet-X HD (control), 2) two 2-mm increments Surefil SDR Flow, or 3) 4-mm bulk Surefil SDR Flow (N=8). The teeth were digitized after preparation (baseline) and restoration and were precisely aligned to calculate cuspal flexure. Restored teeth were placed in fuchsin dye for 16 hours to determine occlusal bond integrity from dye penetration. Extent of cure was assessed by hardness at 0.5-mm increments through the restoration depth. Results were analyzed with analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (α=0.05). Results Surefil SDR Flow, either incrementally or bulk filled, demonstrated significantly less cuspal flexure than Esthet-X HD. Dye penetration was less than 3% of cavity wall height and was not statistically different among groups. The hardness of Surefil SDR Flow did not change throughout the depth for both incrementally and bulk filled restorations; the hardness of Esthet-X HD was statistically significantly lower at the bottom of each increment than at the top. Conclusions Filling in bulk or increments made no significant difference in marginal bond quality or cuspal flexure for the bulk-fill composite. However, the bulk-fill composite caused less cuspal flexure than the incrementally placed conventional composite. The bulk-fill composite cured all the way through (4 mm), whereas the conventional composite had lower cure at the bottom of each increment.

scholarly journals Influence of maxillary canine torque variations on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Correia Barbosa Lemos ◽  
Juliana de Brito Vasconcelos ◽  
Bianca Mota dos Santos ◽  
Andre Wilson Machado
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unpaired Student ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons with respect to unilateral maxillary canine torque variations in a frontal smile analysis. Methods: Full face and close-up smile photographs of two subjects (1 man and 1 woman) were used. Both smiles displayed healthy maxillary anterior dentitions. The images were digitally altered to obtain a bilateral 0° torque in the maxillary canines. From this image, unilateral variations of the left canine were made with -15°, -10°, -5°, 0°, +5°, +10° and +15°. Final images were randomly assembled into an album that was given to 53 orthodontists and 53 laypersons. Each rater was asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images using visual analog scales. Data collected were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired Student t test. Results: For orthodontists, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5° and -10°. For laypersons, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5°, -10°, -15° and + 5°. For both groups, the lowest scores were given for the smiles with +10° and +15° torque. When comparing the perceptions of the orthodontists and laypersons, they did not show statistical differences in most situations. Moreover, in general, there was no significant difference between the full-face and close-up assessments of the smiles. Conclusions: The present findings indicated that smiles with unilateral palatal (negative values) maxillary canine torque variations were more tolerated than smiles with buccal crown torque (positive values) variations.

scholarly journals CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmy Pangrazio-Kulbersh ◽  
Brynn Jezdimir ◽  
Mariana de Deus Haughey ◽  
Richard Kulbersh ◽  
Paul Wine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Marginal Bone Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the maxillary alveolar buccal bone levels after expansion with banded and bonded expanders, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The population sample consisted of 22 patients who required expansion during their comprehensive treatment; 10 patients (five males and five females) with a mean age of 13.5 years (CVMS 3) had bonded hygienic expanders, and 12 (six males and six females) with a mean age of 12.6 years (CVMS 3) had banded hyrax expanders. CBCT was taken both before (T1) and 6 months after last activation (T2). Measurements were made for buccal bone thickness (BT), buccal marginal bone level (MBL), and bone thickness level (BTL) at the right first molar (MRt), left first molar (MLft), right first premolar (PMRt), and left first premolar (PMLft). A mixed-design analysis of variance assessed differences between and within the groups. Post hoc t-tests were completed on significant analysis of variance results to determine where differences occurred. Results: Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between or within the two groups. BT significantly decreased horizontally following rapid maxillary expansion. The amount of bone lost was −0.59 mm MRt, −0.72 mm PMRt, −0.50 mm MLft, and −0.57 mm PMLft (P < .003). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between or within the two groups. Buccal bone loss in the vertical dimension (MBL) only showed significance in the banded group for MRt (0.63 mm) and PMLFt (0.37 mm) as evidenced by the paired t-test (P < .05).

The effect of varying encoding conditions on jazz, instrumental, and choral musicians’ memorization accuracy: Implications for music literacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562198897
Author(s):  
Aaron Lohmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concert Band ◽  
Music Literacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Music Memorization ◽  
Post Hoc

The primary purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of three encoding conditions (singing, playing, studying silently) on participants’ music memorization accuracy; (2) to examine potential differences between choral, jazz, and concert band musicians’ accuracy in completing the music memorization task; and (3) to determine whether ensemble affiliation yielded any performance advantages among the three presentation conditions. Three folk melodies were selected for memorization under the three encoding conditions. Participants ( N = 81) had 75 s to commit each melody to memory while studying silently, singing, or playing on a keyboard. Participants then notated the three melodies using conventional staff notation. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on one factor revealed significant differences based on participants’ ensemble affiliation. A Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc test revealed the jazz group had higher accuracy scores than the band group. No significant differences were found based on encoding conditions, and no significant interactions were found between the encoding conditions and ensemble groups. The experiment is framed by questions related to memory, reading, and differing notions of literacy.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mouthwashes on the Color Stability of Resin-Based Restorative Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 346-357
Author(s):  
Ayşe Tuğba Ertürk-Avunduk ◽  
Seçkin Aksu ◽  
Ebru Delikan
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: This study investigated the effects of three types of mouthwash on the color stability of three resin-based restorative materials (nanohybrid resin composite, sonic-activated bulk-fill material, and compomer). Materials and Methods: To this end, 120 cylindrical disc specimens were prepared and polished, after which they were incubated in distilled water for 24 hours for post-polymerization. The baseline color values of each specimen were measured with a spectrophotometer, then the specimens were randomly divided into four groups. Following immersion in the mouthwashes for 24 hours, the specimens were rinsed with distilled water and dried before the color measurement was repeated. The values of color change (∆E₀₀) were subsequently calculated. A two-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s post hoc multiple comparison tests were conducted to determine statistically significant differences among the restorative materials. Results: All samples showed discoloration after immersion, albeit some instances of discoloration were imperceptible. In this respect, a statistically significant difference was found among the restorative materials and mouthwashes (p<0.05). Imperceptible ∆E₀₀ values were derived on the nanohybrid resin composite and compomer, but perceptible and acceptable ∆E₀₀ values were detected on the sonic-activated bulk-fill materials (p<0.05). The clinically unacceptable discoloration was observed on the sonic-activated bulk-fill composite immersed in Listerine®. Conclusions: Clinicians should make recommendations based on the potential staining capacity of mouthwashes prescribed for daily use in restorative materials. In this way, the need for renewal of restorations due to discoloration could be avoided.

scholarly journals Fluoride release from two types of fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives: Conventional versus resin-modified glass ionomer cements—An in vitro study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247716
Author(s):  
Yasemin Dziuk ◽  
Sachin Chhatwani ◽  
Stephan C. Möhlhenrich ◽  
Sabrina Tulka ◽  
Ella A. Naumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Free Water ◽  
P Value ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment is a common risk factor. Fixation of the orthodontic appliances with glass ionomer cements could reduce the prevalence of WSL’s due to their fluoride release capacities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences of fluoride release properties from resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods The resin-modified GICs Fuji ORTHO LC (GC Orthodontics), Meron Plus QM (VOCO), as well as the conventional GICs Fuji ORTHO (GC Orthodontics), Meron (VOCO) and Ketac Cem Easymix (3M ESPE) were tested in this study. The different types of GICs were applied to hydroxyapatite discs according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a solution of TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III) and fluoride-free water at 37°C. Fluoride measurements were made after 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 14 days, 28 days, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the overall comparison of the cumulative fluoride release (from measurement times of 5 minutes to 6 months) between the different materials with the overall level of significance set to 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons in the cumulative fluoride release between the different materials. Results The cumulative fluoride release (mean ± sd) in descending order was: Fuji ORTHO LC (221.7 ± 10.29 ppm), Fuji ORTHO (191.5 ± 15.03 ppm), Meron Plus QM (173.0 ± 5.89 ppm), Meron (161.3 ± 7.84 ppm) and Ketac Cem Easymix (154.6 ± 6.09 ppm) within 6 months. Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release between at least two of the materials (rounded p-value < 0.001). Pairwise analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release for all the comparisons except M and MPQM (p = 0.061) and KCE and M (p = 0.517). Conclusion Fluoride ions were released cumulatively over the entire test period for all products. When comparing the two products from the same company (Fuji ORTHO LC vs. Fuji ORTHO from GC Orthodontics Europe GmbH and Meron Plus QM vs. Meron from VOCO GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), it can be said that the resin-modified GICs have a higher release than conventional GICs. The highest individual fluoride release of all GICs was at 24 hours. A general statement, whether resin-modified or conventional GICs have a higher release of fluoride cannot be made.

scholarly journals Effects of intracanal medicaments and the remaining cavity wall on fracture strength of endodontically treated molars

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Keziban Olcay ◽  
Ata Nisa Coban ◽  
Sema Belli
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Molar ◽  
Univariate Anova ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Post Hoc

<p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the short-term intracanal application of two medicaments on the fracture strength of root-filled molar teeth with different levels of tooth structure loss. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Standard access cavities of totally 84 intact maxillary molar teeth were prepared in 72 teeth and were divided into 3 main groups. Standard access cavities were kept in the first group, while mesio-occlusal-distal cavities (MOD) were prepared in the second and third groups. One-half of the palatinal walls were removed in the third group. Twelve sound teeth were used in the fourth group as control. Each group was then assigned into two subgroups according to the medicament used (n=12): 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide. Samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week. Then the teeth were inserted into a universal testing machine and vertically loaded (5 mm/min) from the occlusal surface. The data was recorded in Newtons and statistically evaluated using a Univariate ANOVA and a Tukey as post hoc test. <strong>Results:</strong> A significant difference was found among the test groups (p&lt;0.01). No significant difference was found according to the medicament used (p&gt;0.05), however the number of remaining walls significantly affected the fracture strength (p&lt;0.01). The first group with access cavity showed mostly repairable fractures (60%–80%) whereas the others showed mostly non-repairable fracture patterns (60%–90%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth is related to the structure loss rather than the intracanal medicament used.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Endodontically treated teeth; Fracture strength; Intracanal medicament; Remaining cavity wall; Root facture.</p>

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance of Commonly Used Self-drilling Mini-implants of Various Diameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Vinodh S. ◽  
B. Sangamesh ◽  
Neelakantha Patil V. ◽  
Sameer Ahmed ◽  
Venkat Naidu B.
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Post Hoc

Context: Self-drilling mini-implants are commonly used in orthodontic treatment procedures, but there is limited information regarding their fracture resistance in areas of high-density bone without predrilling. Aims: The objective of this study is to compare and evaluate the maximum insertion torque and fracture resistance of 3 commonly used self-drilling mini-implants in India, and to assess the influence of variation in diameter in torque generation. Materials and methods: 90 mini-implants from 3 different manufacturers with 2 different diameters were drilled into acrylic blocks using a dial indicating torque screwdriver. All mini-implants were drilled at the rate of 20-30 rotations/min, implants were drilled until they fractured. Torque generated at the point of fracture is shown on the dial of the screwdriver. Measurements of the peak insertion torque value for each manufacturer were recorded separately. Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance, post hoc Bonferroni test. Results: Analysis of variance test showed a significant difference among all the manufacturers in both the diameters with P < .05. Implants of 1.6 mm diameter of Ancer group have the highest fracture resistance value when compared with the same diameter of JJ Orthodontics and SK Surgicals. Implants with higher diameter have more resistance than those with lower diameter. Conclusions: The observed highest fracture resistance is 47 Ncm by Ancer and least fracture resistance is 16 Ncm by JJ Orthodontics. The values are higher than the torque required to place mini-implants intraorally. Ancer mini-implants have the highest peak fracture torque, thus more than SK Surgicals and JJ Orthodontics.

Show the Way to Information Security Governance for Universities in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 2199-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chir Neng Hung ◽  
Ming Dar Hwang ◽  
Yuan Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information Security Governance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
The Way

This study used a questionnaire survey, investigating the maturity of information security governance (ISG). The main objective is to assess the maturity, exploring the factors concerned, providing path analysis of maturity, and showing the way to ISG. Questionnaires were sent to 71 schools of CIO, and 68 returned. The effective sample return rate is 95.8%. In order to improve the maturity of ISG for universities, this study aims to look for maturity relevant factors. According to assessment Tool to explore an overall security evaluation rating approach, this study finds that schools with low rate of maturity take up 39.7%, schools with medium rate 33.8%, high 26.5%. With discriminant analysis, the maturity of ISG can distinguished in low, medium, and high rate. With correlation analysis, this study finds that 31 items have significant correlation. With analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc range test and ANOVA multiple comparison least significant difference (LSD) are used to confirm that there is significant differences between the items of the maturity of ISG. This study also finds the security management problems that are too much reliant on IT. Especially their maturity of ISG is lower and the items in the risk management aspect are very low.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE DA ESTIMATIVA DE EVENTOS EXTREMOS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE MACAÉ – RJ

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabor Viana Sant'Ana Mendes ◽  
Aline Míriam Marques ◽  
Danilo De Assis Amaral ◽  
Bruno Luis da Silva Maia ◽  
Flávia Ribeiro Villela Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Generalized Pareto Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value ◽  
Generalized Pareto ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

O estudo de eventos extremos de precipitação torna-se essencial e relevante devido aos impactos e implicações que estes eventos provocam na sociedade. No município de Macaé esses eventos adversos são constantes, sendo o que mais registrou ocorrência de alagamentos caracterizados como desastres no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 1991 a 2012, no Atlas Brasileiro de Desastres Naturais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade dos valores obtidos através dos métodos Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) e Generalized Pareto Distribution(GPD) para determinação do nível de retorno de eventos extremos de precipitação no município de Macaé. O modelo estatístico Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) foi adotado e o diagnóstico do modelo validado. Adicionalmente, a análise post hoc foi realizada através do Tukey Honest Significant Difference. As análises estatísticas foram implementadas no ambiente de software R. De fato, constata-se que existem diferenças significativas entre as estimativas dos níveis de precipitação segundo métodos e estação do ano. Os resultados podem auxiliar análises futuras e corroboram com a escolha do melhor método para entender a variação e o comportamento de eventos com grandes volumes pluviométricos em curta duração de tempo ou enxurradas. Sendo portanto, um estudo relevante para auxiliar no planejamento e na implementação de ações de políticas públicas a serem aplicadas em problemas oriundos de tais eventos.

scholarly journals The antipyretic effect of basil leaf extract (Ocimi sancti folium) in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
ANDINA WIDIASTUTI ◽  
YUL MARIYAH ◽  
SUHARSONO SUHARSONO
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Basil leaves are believed by community to reduce the fever. This study aimed to determine the effect of antipyretic and the effectiveness of basil leaf extract (Ocimi sancti folium) in rats. This research was a laboratory experimental research by using a random sampling technique. The experimental animal used was Wistar rats aged less than 2 months, as much as 20 rats divided into 4 groups. Group 1 as a negative control group was given aquadest of 2.5 ml, while groups 2, 3 and 4 as test groups were each given basil extract by 3.15 mg/100 gr BB, 6.30 mg mg/100 gr BB and 12.60 mg/100 gr BB, respectively, dissolved in 2.5 ml of aquadest. To increase the temperature, it was injected vaccine DPT 0.2 cc intra-muscular. The temperature measurement is conducted by using a digital thermometer. The data obtained were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 11.5 (SPSS 11.5) with Univariate Analysis of Variance method followed by Post Hoc test. The result of one factor analysis from Univariate Analysis of Variance test showed that the average of rats rectal temperature was significantly different for each test group and for each time range of temperature measurement, each of them was 0.034 and 0.005 with a significant level (α) = 0.05. From the result of analysis by using Post Hoc Test, there was a significant difference between dose group of 3.15 mg/100 gr BB with a dose group of 12.60 mg/100 gr BB and between the time of temperature measurements of 120 minutes and 180 minutes. At first dose and 180th minute, it was obtained a lowest rectal rats temperature. The results showed that the basil leaf extract had an antipyretic effect on rats. The optimal effectiveness evidenced by a lowest average rectal temperature was achieved by a dose of 3.15 mg/100 gr BB at 180th minute.

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