Cuspal Deflection in Premolar Teeth Restored with Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composite Materials

SUMMARY The present study investigated the effect of three high-viscosity bulk-fill resin-based composite materials on cuspal deflection in natural teeth. Thirty-two sound maxillary premolar teeth with large slot mesio-occlusal-distal cavities were distributed into four groups (n=8). Three groups were restored with bulk-fill resin composite materials (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein; x-tra fil, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany; and SonicFill, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) in a single 4-mm increment. The conventional composite group, Filtek Z100 (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), was used to restore the cavities in 2-mm increments. Cusp deflection was recorded postirradiation using a Nikon measurescope UM-2 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) by measuring the changes in the bucco-palatal widths of the teeth at five minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after completion of the restorations. Cuspal deflection was significantly higher in the conventional composite than in the Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (p=0.0031), x-tra fil (p=0.0029), and SonicFill Bulk (p=0.0002) groups. There were no significant differences in cuspal deflection among the three bulk-fill materials (all p<0.05). In conclusion, all the investigated bulk-fill resin composites exhibited cuspal deflection values that were smaller than those associated with a conventional incrementally placed resin composite.

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Bulk-Fill Resin Composites: Polymerization Contraction, Depth of Cure, and Gap Formation

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/13-324-l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 190-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

AR Benetti ◽

C Havndrup-Pedersen ◽

D Honoré ◽

MK Pedersen ◽

U Pallesen

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Class Ii ◽

High Viscosity ◽

International Organization ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Gap Formation ◽

Depth Of Cure ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Dental Cavities ◽

Fill Materials

SUMMARY The bulk-filling of deep, wide dental cavities is faster and easier than traditional incremental restoration. However, the extent of cure at the bottom of the restoration should be carefully examined in combination with the polymerization contraction and gap formation that occur during the restorative procedure. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the depth of cure, polymerization contraction, and gap formation in bulk-fill resin composites with those of a conventional resin composite. To achieve this, the depth of cure was assessed in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization 4049 standard, and the polymerization contraction was determined using the bonded-disc method. The gap formation was measured at the dentin margin of Class II cavities. Five bulk-fill resin composites were investigated: two high-viscosity (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, SonicFill) and three low-viscosity (x-tra base, Venus Bulk Fill, SDR) materials. Compared with the conventional resin composite, the high-viscosity bulk-fill materials exhibited only a small increase (but significant for Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) in depth of cure and polymerization contraction, whereas the low-viscosity bulk-fill materials produced a significantly larger depth of cure and polymerization contraction. Although most of the bulk-fill materials exhibited a gap formation similar to that of the conventional resin composite, two of the low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites, x-tra base and Venus Bulk Fill, produced larger gaps.

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How do the optical properties of the bulk fill posterior composites change after 2 years of simulated toothbrushing?

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2019.v22i3.1752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 378-386

Author(s):

Leticia Souza Lopes ◽

Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho ◽

Elisa Gomes Albuquerque ◽

Chane Tardem ◽

Mauro Sayão Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Resin Composite ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Significance Level ◽

Composite Control ◽

Multifactor Analysis ◽

Post Hoc

The objective of this study was to evaluate the alteration of the optical properties of bulk Fill resin-based composites after 2 years of simulated toothbrushing. Three high-viscosity bulk fill resin composites and one conventional sculptable resin composite (control) were analyzed. Five specimens of each resin composite were prepared, and roughness, color, translucency and gloss were evaluated initially and after one and two years of simulated toothbrushing. The specimens were submitted to electric simulated toothbrushing (14600 strokes/100g) using a commercially available toothbrush with soft fibers and toothpaste slurry in a proportion of 1:2 by weight. The brushing scheme was of 40 cycles per day (2 cycles per second / 280 cycles in a week). The optical properties and the roughness data were analyzed by a multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA) and a Tukey post hoc test. The baseline and final values of Ra and Sa were submitted to linear regression analyses, all of which were performed at a significance level of p=0.05. Gloss and roughness presented statistical differences between the resin-time interactions in all composite resins. The gloss (72.5%) and roughness (89.4%) worsened significantly after brushing, but the authors didn’t find statistically significant differences when evaluating translucency and color. Based in the results, it could be concluded that the simulated brushing degraded the brightness and roughness of the used high-viscosity bulk fill composites.

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Comparison of Internal Adaptation of Bulk-fill and Increment-fill Resin Composite Materials

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-269-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. E32-E44 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

FS Alqudaihi ◽

NB Cook ◽

KE Diefenderfer ◽

MC Bottino ◽

JA Platt

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Aging Effect ◽

Measured Data ◽

Cavity Surface ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Gap Measurement ◽

Internal Adaptation ◽

Fill Materials

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate 1) the internal adaptation of a light-activated incremental-fill and bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) materials by measuring the gap between the restorative material and the tooth structure and 2) the aging effect on internal adaptation. Methods and Materials: Seventy teeth with class I cavity preparations were randomly distributed into five groups; four groups were restored with bulk-fill RBCs: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), SonicFill (SF), QuiXX Posterior Restorative (QX), and X-tra fil (XF); the fifth group was restored with incremental-fill Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative (FSU). One-half of the specimens of each group were thermocycled. Each tooth was sectioned, digital images were recorded, and the dimensions of any existing gaps were measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (α=0.05). Results: FSU had the smallest gap measurement values compared with the bulk-fill materials except QX and TEC (p≤0.008). FSU had the smallest sum of all gap category values compared with the bulk-fill materials, except QX (p≤0.021). The highest gap incidence and size values were found at the composite/adhesive interface. All aged groups had greater gap values in regard to the gap measurement and the sum of all gap categories compared with non-aged groups. Significance: The incrementally placed material FSU had the highest internal adaptation to the cavity surface, while the four bulk-fill materials showed varied results. Thermocycling influenced the existing gap area magnitudes. The findings suggest that the incremental-fill technique produces better internal adaptation than the bulk-fill technique.

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Bonding Interaction and Shrinkage Stress of Low-viscosity Bulk Fill Resin Composites With High-viscosity Bulk Fill or Conventional Resin Composites

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-163-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 625-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ER Cerda-Rizo ◽

M de Paula Rodrigues ◽

ABF Vilela ◽

SSL Braga ◽

LRS Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Failure Mode ◽

Resin Composite ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Shrinkage Stress ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Bonding Interaction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Analysis

SUMMARY Objective: To analyze the shrinkage stress, bonding interaction, and failure modes between different low-viscosity bulk fill resin composites and conventional resin composites produced by the same manufacturer or a high-viscosity bulk fill resin composite used to restore the occlusal layer in posterior teeth. Methods & Materials: Three low-viscosity bulk fill resin composites were associated with the conventional resin composites made by the same manufacturers or with a high-viscosity bulk fill resin composite, resulting in six groups (n=10). The bonding interaction between resin composites was tested by assessing the microshear bond strength (μSBS). The samples were thermocycled and were tested with 1-mm/min crosshead speed, and the failure mode was evaluated. The post-gel shrinkage (Shr) of all the resin composites was measured using a strain gauge (n=10). The modulus of elasticity (E) and the hardness (KHN) were measured using the Knoop hardness test. Two-dimensional finite element models were created for analyzing the stress caused by shrinkage and contact loading. The μSBS, Shr, E, and KHN data were analyzed using the Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The failure mode data were subjected to chi-square analysis (α=0.05). The stress distribution was analyzed qualitatively. Results: No significant difference was verified for μSBS between low-viscosity bulk fill resin composites and conventional or high-viscosity bulk fill composites in terms of restoring the occlusal layer (p=0.349). Cohesive failure of the low-viscosity bulk fill resin composites was the most frequent failure mode. The Shr, E, and KHN varied between low-viscosity and high-viscosity resin composites. The use of high-viscosity bulk fill resin composites on the occlusal layer reduced the stress at the enamel interface on the occlusal surface. Conclusions: The use of high-viscosity bulk fill resin composites as an occlusal layer for low-viscosity bulk fill resin composites to restore the posterior teeth can be a viable alternative, as it shows a similar bonding interaction to conventional resin composites as well as lower shrinkage stress at the enamel margin.

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Polymerization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Viscosity Bulk Fill and Low Shrinkage Resin Composites

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/16-385-l ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. E177-E187 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S Shibasaki ◽

T Takamizawa ◽

K Nojiri ◽

A Imai ◽

A Tsujimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Resin Composite ◽

High Viscosity ◽

The Other ◽

Light Irradiation ◽

Volumetric Shrinkage ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Polymerization Shrinkage

SUMMARY The present study determined the mechanical properties and volumetric polymerization shrinkage of different categories of resin composite. Three high viscosity bulk fill resin composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB, Ivoclar Vivadent), Filtek Bulk Fill posterior restorative (FB, 3M ESPE), and Sonic Fill (SF, Kerr Corp). Two low-shrinkage resin composites, Kalore (KL, GC Corp) and Filtek LS Posterior (LS, 3M ESPE), were used. Three conventional resin composites, Herculite Ultra (HU, Kerr Corp), Estelite ∑ Quick (EQ, Tokuyama Dental), and Filtek Supreme Ultra (SU, 3M ESPE), were used as comparison materials. Following ISO Specification 4049, six specimens for each resin composite were used to determine flexural strength, elastic modulus, and resilience. Volumetric polymerization shrinkage was determined using a water-filled dilatometer. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α=0.05). The flexural strength of the resin composites ranged from 115.4 to 148.1 MPa, the elastic modulus ranged from 5.6 to 13.4 GPa, and the resilience ranged from 0.70 to 1.0 MJ/m3. There were significant differences in flexural properties between the materials but no clear outliers. Volumetric changes as a function of time over a duration of 180 seconds depended on the type of resin composite. However, for all the resin composites, apart from LS, volumetric shrinkage began soon after the start of light irradiation, and a rapid decrease in volume during light irradiation followed by a slower decrease was observed. The low shrinkage resin composites KL and LS showed significantly lower volumetric shrinkage than the other tested materials at the measuring point of 180 seconds. In contrast, the three bulk fill resin composites showed higher volumetric change than the other resin composites. The findings from this study provide clinicians with valuable information regarding the mechanical properties and polymerization kinetics of these categories of current resin composite.

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Solubility of Two Resin Composites in Different Mouthrinses

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/580675 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sezin Ozer ◽

Emine Sen Tunc ◽

Nuray Tuloglu ◽

Sule Bayrak

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Constant Mass ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Aim. This study aimed to compare the solubility of a universal restorative resin composite (Filtek Z250; FZ250) and a silorane-based resin composite (Filtek Silorane; FS) after immersion in alcohol-containing mouthrinse, alcohol-free mouthrinse, and artificial saliva.Methods. 30 discs (10 mm × 1 mm) were prepared from each material and desiccated until a constant mass was obtained. Specimens were immersed in the test solutions for two days and desiccated again. Solubility was calculated based on the change in weight of each specimen before and after immersion. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc testP<0.05.Results. Solubility values for both resin composites were the highest in the alcohol-containing mouthrinse. FZ250 showed greater solubility than FS; the difference was only significant in artificial saliva.Conclusion. Both resin-composite materials tested exhibited some degree of solubility in each of the test solutions. The use of an alcohol-free mouthrinse may be preferable for patients with extensive composite restorations.

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Research on Absorbing Properties of Nickel Plating Carbon Fiber-Resin Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1694 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 239-242 ◽

pp. 1694-1698 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Qin ◽

Yong Zhou ◽

Zhi Xiong Huang

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Epoxy Matrix ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Quality Score ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Nickel Plating ◽

X Band ◽

Absorbing Material ◽

Ku Band

It is a way of preparing absorbing composite materials when nickel plating carbon fiber is arranged in epoxy matrix orthogonally. The results indicated that after carbon fiber T - 700 was plated by nickel, the absorbing properties were remarkably improved. In nickel plating carbon fiber/resin composite absorbing material, the distance and quality score of carbon fiber in the resin have important influence on absorbing properties. When the distance was between 5mm and 8mm, and quality score is in 0.53wt % ~ 2.16 wt %,we can get the absorbing material that was less than - 5db in the X band and - 10db in the Ku band.

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Radiopacity evaluation of contemporary resin composites by digitization of images

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.137644 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 342-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Banu Ermis ◽

Derya Yildirim ◽

Gul Yildiz ◽

Ozlem Gormez

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Composite Resins ◽

International Organization ◽

Resin Composites ◽

International Organization For Standardization ◽

Human Enamel ◽

Test Materials ◽

Gray Values

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of different composite resins and compare the values to those of human enamel and dentine. Materials and Methods: Five specimens of each material with thicknesses of 2 mm were prepared and radiographed alongside aluminum step wedge and human enamel and dentin. Three occlusal radiographs for each material were taken and digitized using a desktop scanner. Mean gray values of the test materials were measured using Image J software. Then a conversion was performed according to establish the radiopacity of the test materials, in millimeters of equivalent Al. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range tests (P < 0.05). Results: The radiopacity values varied among the restorative materials (P < 0.05). The radiopacity values of the materials tested were, in decreasing order: Enamel Plus HRI > Z250 > Filtek Ultimate ≥ Z550 > Nexcomp ≥ Nanoceram Bright > enamel ≥ Estelite Sigma Quick > Clearfil Majesty Esthetic ≥ Reflexions XLS ≥ Aelite LS Posterior ≥ dentin ≥ 2 mm Al. Conclusion: All resin composite materials investigated in this study presented different radiopacity values. However, all materials had radiopacity values greater than dentin and had sufficient radiopacity to meet International Organization for Standardization 4049 standard.

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Metal-Filled Resin Composites

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345730520032401 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 522-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R.L. Bowen ◽

H.H. Chandler

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Metal Particles ◽

Coupling Agents ◽

Resin Composites

Certain physical properties of metal-filled resin composite materials can be improved if properly selected and applied coupling agents are used in treating the surfaces of the metal particles.

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