Does the Bleaching Gel Application Site Interfere With the Whitening Result? A Randomized Clinical Trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
LMB Esteves ◽  
TC Fagundes ◽  
PH dos Santos ◽  
LMAV da Silva ◽  
S de Alcântara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Postoperative Sensitivity

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bleaching gel application site on chromatic changes and postoperative sensitivity in teeth. Thirty patients were selected and allocated to three groups (n=10 per group), according to the location of the gel: GI, cervical application; GII, incisal application; and GIII, total facial. The amount and time of application of the 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel were standardized. Color changes were analyzed by ΔE and Wid (bleaching index), using the values obtained in the readings conducted on a digital spectrophotometer in the cervical (CRs) and incisal regions (IRs) of the teeth. Spontaneous sensitivity was assessed using the questionnaire, and the stimulated sensitivity caused by the thermosensory analysis (TSA). The analysis occurred in five stages: baseline, after the first, second, and third whitening sessions (S), and 14 days after the end of the whitening, using the linear regression statistical model with mixed effects and post-test by orthogonal contrasts (p<0.05). Although the IR was momentarily favored, at the end of the treatment, the restriction of the application site provided results similar to those obtained when the gel was applied over the entire facial surface. Regarding sensitivity, only the GI showed spontaneous sensitivity. In the TSA, GIII had less influence on the threshold of the thermal sensation. It was concluded that the chromatic alteration does not depend on the gel application site. Spontaneous sensitivity is greater when the gel is concentrated in the cervical region (CR), and the teeth remain sensitized by thermal stimuli even after 14 days.

Effects of oral corrective feedback on the development of complex morphosyntax

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Pili-Moss
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Oral Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Feedback Frequency ◽  
The Relationship

This exploratory study examined the relationship between corrective feedback (CF) and linguistic target complexity. In a pre-test/post-test/delayed post-test design, 44 adult intermediate L2 Italian learners from different L1 backgrounds were assigned to a didactic recast, a prompt and a no-feedback group. They were compared on oral and written measures on the development of passato prossimo, an Italian compound past form characterised by a set of complex semantic and morphosyntactic rules and participles displaying different degrees of form-meaning transparency. Mixed-effects models elucidated the extent to which feedback frequency predicted accuracy, whilst controlling for the effect of individual difference covariates and random variation. Only the frequency of didactic recasts predicted development of full passato prossimo sentences, whereas both feedback types were significantly related to participle development, a single aspect of the construction. Furthermore, only prompt frequency was positively related to accuracy in participles displaying more transparent (less complex) form-meaning relationships.

Presentation of Rapid Temperature Change Using Spatially Divided Hot and Cold Stimuli

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunari Sato ◽  
◽  
Takashi Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Single Stimulus ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sense ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

We propose a thermal display that presents a rapid temperature change using spatially divided hot and cold stimuli. The display exploits two characteristics of human thermal perception: spatial summation and the adapting temperature. Experimental results confirmed that users perceived separate individual thermal stimuli as a single stimulus because of spatial summation. Our thermal display successfully made the skin simultaneously more sensitive to both hot and cold stimuli by using spatially divided hot and cold stimuli, each of which separately adjusts the adapting temperature so that it enables users to perceive thermal sensation rapidly. The thermal display that we fabricated enabled users to perceive a different temperature sense by changing the temperature of hot and cold stimuli.

Hot–Cold Confusion: Inverse Thermal Sensation When Hot and Cold Stimuli Coexist in a Thermal Localization Task

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110040
Author(s):  
Keisuke Arai ◽  
Miki Matsumuro ◽  
Satoshi Hashiguchi ◽  
Fumihisa Shibata ◽  
Asako Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Cold Stimulus ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

We focused on the inverse thermal sensation caused by the presence of both hot and cold stimuli, which we named hot–cold confusion. Some researchers have shown that when participants touch a thermal stimulus simultaneously with two opposite thermal stimuli on both sides, the outer temperatures dominate the center temperature; for example, a hot stimulus between two cold stimuli is perceived as cold. However, there has not been sufficient research on the effect of the center stimulus on the outer stimuli. In the current study, we placed a participant’s forearm on an alignment where hot and cold stimuli were alternately placed in three locations and found that the participants sometimes selected the inverse thermal sensation of the presented surface not only at the center but also at the outer locations. Namely, opposite thermal stimuli applied at multiple locations affected each other, and the participants sometimes perceived the hot stimulus at the outer location as cold even when the two of three stimuli were hot, and vice versa. In addition, using various alignments of thermal stimuli, we revealed a directional bias of the effect from the cold stimulus and a difference in strength according to its location on the forearm.

scholarly journals An examination of five theoretical foundations associated with localized thermosensory testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevra Temel ◽  
Andrew A. Johnson ◽  
George Havenith ◽  
Josh T. Arnold ◽  
Anna M. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract Purpose To assess five theoretical foundations underlying thermosensory testing using local thermal stimuli. Methods Thermal sensation, discomfort and the confidence of thermal sensation scores were measured in 9 female and 8 male volunteers in response to 17 physical contact temperature stimuli, ranging between 18–42 °C. These were applied to their dorsal forearm and lateral torso, across two sessions. Results Thermal sensation to physical temperature relationships followed a positive linear and sigmoidal fit at both forearm (r2 = 0.91/r2 = 0.91, respectively) and lateral torso (r2 = 0.90/ r2 = 0.91, respectively). Thermal discomfort to physical temperature relationships followed second and third-order fits at both forearm (r2 = 0.33/r2 = 0.34, respectively) and lateral torso (r2 = 0.38/r2 = 0.39, respectively) test sites. There were no sex-related or regional site differences in thermal sensation and discomfort across a wide range of physical contact temperatures. The median confidence of an individual’s thermal sensation rating was measured at 86%. Conclusion The relation between thermal sensation and physical contact temperature was well described by both linear and sigmoidal models, i.e., the distance between the thermal sensation anchors is close to equal in terms of physical temperatures changes for the range studied. Participants rated similar thermal discomfort level in both cold and hot thermal stimuli for a given increase or decrease in physical contact temperature or thermal sensation. The confidence of thermal sensation rating did not depend on physical contact temperature.

Heat Flux Characteristics of Asymmetrically Heated and Cooled Thermal Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hojatmadani ◽  
Matthew Hardy ◽  
Ahmad Manasrah ◽  
Rasim Guldiken ◽  
Kyle Reed
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Response System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Flux Profile ◽  
Thermal Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

The human thermal response system can be manipulated by the proper combination of applied hot and cold stimuli. Previous research has shown that a sensation of constant cooling can be perceived through the application of certain patterns on the skin. Here we focus on (1) exploring the heat flux characteristics of the thermal display through computer simulations, (2) testing a hypothesis about the relationship between thermal sensation and heat flux, and (3) examining modifications of the thermal display patterns to intensify thermal sensations. To characterize the heat flux patterns of the thermal display, finite element simulations were performed using ANSYS. Simulations were done in two parts: the first examined a small subregion between heating and cooling stimuli, and the second was a larger scale examination of the heat flux profile of the thermal display. It was observed that the heat flux profiles for all thermal patterns were approximately identical. A linear relationship is derived between simulation and experimental results. This relationship was then used to determine the theoretical thermal sensations to determine which are best suited for future physical experimentation on humans.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Perubahan Warna Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanohybrid Pasca Perendaman dalam Cuko Pempek (Saus Manis dan Asam) dan Jamu Kunyit Asam (Curcuma Domestica Val – Tamarindus Indica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Budiono Budiono ◽  
Nabila Farah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Seffy Vera Faylina
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
The Difference

The advantages of Nanohybrid composite resin are they have a smooth surface and greater strength, also minimal shrinkage. The disadvantages of composite resin are the color changes extrinsically and intrinsically. The color is changing extrinsically because of the dyes which attached to the surface of the composite resin and the color is changing intrinsically due to oxidation of monomers. Pempek and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink (jamu) are kind of foods and beverages that are very popular among Indonesian people, both of them are causing discoloration on the surface of the composite resin. The objective was to identify the difference composite resin color change after soaking in sweet and sour sauce (cuko pempek) and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink. This study was experimental laboratory research with pre-test and post-test research design. The samples were 32 pieces of Nanohybrid composite resin with the size of 10 x 2 mm. 16 samples of each test were soaked in 5 ml “cuko pempek” and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink in 37 0 C temperature in 7 days. The color change was measured using spechtrophotometer (UV-2401 PC). Results: There are differences between Nanohybrid composite resin surface color change which were soaked in “cuko pempek” and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink which marked in an average change of dE*ab “cuko pempek” (4.7244) and turmeric and tamarind herbal drink (39.1944). The results of independent T-Test also showed a significant color change that is p = 0,000 (p <0.05). This study concluded that there were differences between Nanohybrid composite resin surface color change which are soaked in “cuko pempek” and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink.

Quantitative studies of perception of thermal stimuli in the normal and neurogenic urinary bladder

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. McDonald ◽  
Gerald P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

Quantitative measurements of the ability of human beings to perceive temperature changes in the urinary bladder were made using copper-constantan thermocouples connected to a continuous recording electronic potentiometer. Ten different thermal changes were induced by irrigation of the bladder with cold or warm saline solution. Each stimulus was presented to each subject 10 times, according to a table of random numbers. The subjects were asked to indicate whether they felt warmer or colder. The stimulus was maintained for less than 3 seconds. In 40 normal volunteers, the mean warm response was 93℉. The mean cool response was 87.5℉. The neutrality point where the two curves intersected was 89.4℉. Statistical evaluation established the validity of the differences. The thermal sensation of seven patients with varying levels of spinal cord trauma seemed to indicate that the afferent pathway for thermal bladder sensation involved S2,3,4cord segments. Submitted on December 5, 1958

scholarly journals Perubahan Warna Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanohybird Pasca Perendaman Dalam Cuko Pempek

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Nabila Farah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Budiono Budiono ◽  
Lira Wiet Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Liquid Absorption ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite

The development of science, technology and patient demands regarding restorative materials that are colored with teeth is currently higher. Dental-colored restoration materials are widely used, one of which is nanohybrid composite resin. The nanohybrid composite resin has a small and fine particle size of 0.04 um. Nanohybrid composite resins have many advantages, but they also have the disadvantage of liquid absorption properties which can cause discoloration. One of the liquids that cause discoloration is cuko pempek. Objective: To find out the surface color changes of nanohybrid composite resin after immersion in cuko pempek. Methods, an experimental laboratory study with a pre and post test only group design study design. Sample 16 pieces of nanohybrid composite resin measuring 10 x 2 mm. The sample was immersed using pempek cuko as much as 5 ml with a temperature of 37oC for 7 days. Color change is measured with a spechtrophotometer (UV-2401 PC). Results, there was a change in the surface color of nanohybrid composite resin soaked with pempek cuko which marked an average increase in dE*ab before immersion (18.5925) and after immersion (23.3169) with a difference of 4.7844. The paired t test results also showed a significant color change that is p = 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion, there is a change in the surface color of the post-immersion nanohybrid composite resin in pempek cuko.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

Förderung der Lesekompetenz mittels reziproken Lehrens: Implementation und Wirksamkeit imRegelunterricht

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvi Koch ◽  
Nadine Spörer
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Post Test

Zusammenfassung. Ziel war es, die Effektivität zweier Interventionen zur Förderung der Lesekompetenz von Fünftklässlern zu untersuchen. Beide Treatments wurden von Regellehrkräften implementiert. Die eine Intervention war das reziproke Lehren, welches um Selbstregulationsprozeduren angereichert wurde (RT+SRL). Die zweite war eine von Lehrkräften konzipierte lesestrategiebasierte Unterrichtseinheit (Good Practice, GP). Zusätzlich gab es eine No-Treatment-Kontrollgruppe (KG0). Insgesamt nahmen an der Studie N = 244 Schüler teil. Im Rahmen eines Pre-, Post-, Follow-Up-Test-Untersuchungsplans kamen standardisierte Leseverständnisaufgaben, selbstkonstruierte Lesestrategieaufgaben und eine Selbstwirksamkeitsskala zum Einsatz. Kontrastierende Einzelvergleichsanalysen ergaben, dass sich die Schüler der Treatmentbedingung RT+SRL im Vergleich zu den Schülern der Kontrollgruppe zum Post-Test signifikant stärker im Leseverständnis, in der Lesestrategieanwendung und in der Selbstwirksamkeit verbesserten. Gleiches galt für die Lesestrategieanwendung zum Follow-Up-Test. Schüler der Bedingung GP konnten im Vergleich zu KG0-Schülern weder zum Post- noch zum Follow-Up-Test vorteilige Ergebnisse in den drei Kriteriumsmaßen erzielen.

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