Acetyl-l-carnitine 1: Effects on mortality, pathology and sensory-motor performance in aging rats

The purpose of this article was to critically examine the literature dealing with the impact of vestibular stimulation on the sensory-motor performance of individuals evidencing handicapping conditions. The research examined consisted of studies in which vestibular stimulation was employed in conjunction with other intervention procedures and studies in which either angular or linear forms of vestibular stimulation were used as the sole form of treatment. Evidence supporting the supposition that vestibular stimulation enhances the sensory-motor performance of handicapped individuals was found to be tentative at best, and possible directions for future research were indicated.

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Abstract WMP42: Astrocyte Specific rAAV-mediated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Expression in Aging Female Rats Increases Post-Stroke Survival and Sensory Motor Performance

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wmp42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Andre K Okoreeh ◽

Shameena Bake ◽

Farida Sohrabji

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Low Dose ◽

Female Rats ◽

Specific Gene ◽

High Dose ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Virus Serotype ◽

Sensory Motor

Background and Purpose: Our previous work shows that middle aged female rats sustain larger strokes as compared to younger female rats. With age, circulating and brain parenchymal levels of IGF-1 are reduced. Exogenous IGF-1 treatment improves infarct volume in aging females. Our recent studies show that astrocytes from aging females synthesize less IGF-1. Here we tested the hypothesis that elevation of astrocyte derived IGF-1 would improve stroke impairment in older female rats. Methods: Middle-aged (10-12 month old; acyclic) female rats were injected with adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (rAAV5) into the cortex and striatum. rAAV5 was packaged with the coding sequence of the IGF-1 gene downstream of an astrocyte-specific gene (GFAP). The construct contained the mCherry reporter gene. Control rAAV consisted of an identical shuttle vector construct without the IGF-1 gene. In separate experiments, two titers of virus were injected: high dose (5 X 10 12 VP/mL) or low dose (5 X 10 11 VP/mL). Three to four weeks after injection, middle-cerebral artery occlusion via an intraluminal suture for ninety minutes was performed followed by reperfusion. Post-surgery survival was monitored as well as sensory motor function using the vibrissae evoked forelimb placement task. Results: Specificity of IGF-1 expression was confirmed by visualization of the mCherry reporter under fluorescent illumination and immunohistochemistry. Post stroke survival was improved in animals that received the high dose rAAV-IGF-1 animals a 5-day period (p<0.001). Low dose rAAV-IGF-1 did not affect post stroke survival, however sensory motor performance was preserved in this group. In low dose control animals, ischemic stroke impaired performance on the vibrissae evoked forelimb placement task. Impairment was seen in the same-side and cross-midline task performance on the limb contralateral to the infarct and cross midline task on the limb ipsilateral to the infarcted side (p<0.05). No significant deficits were seen in the rAAV-IGF-1 low dose treated animals. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that increasing astrocytic IGF-1 in aging females improves post stroke survival and behavior outcomes.

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Relation of Motor Performance to Perceived Movement in Rorschach Inkblots

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1964.19.3.675 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 675-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arthur Willner ◽

Ira Belmont

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Relational Concept

The present study examined the claim that an inverse relationship exists between the perception of movement and the production of motor activity. Since studies of motor activity and of perceived movement indicated that each is multidimensional in character, it was hypothesized, and the results obtained confirmed the fact, that no such inverse relationship exists. It was concluded that no simple inter-relational concept such as proposed by Herman Rorschach and by the Werner-Wapner sensory-tonic theory can be used as the basis for examining complex sensory and sensory-motor interactions.

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Cross-modal plasticity among sensory networks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458518778008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 968-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Assunta Rocca ◽

Filippo Savoldi ◽

Paola Valsasina ◽

Marta Radaelli ◽

Paolo Preziosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽

Connectivity Analysis ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Visual Network

Objective: To explore resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) of the main sensory/motor networks of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), clinically isolated optic neuritis (ON), and myelitis. Methods: Clinical evaluation and RS fMRI were obtained from 28 NMOSD, 11 recurrent ON, and 12 recurrent myelitis patients and 30 healthy controls. Between-group RS FC comparisons and correlations with motor performance were assessed (SPM12) on the main sensory/motor RS networks (RSNs) identified by independent component analysis. Functional network connectivity analysis estimated inter-network connectivity. Results: Intra- and inter-network RS FCs were reduced in RSNs associated to somatosensory modalities affected by pathology: regions of the primary visual network in ON patients, of the sensorimotor networks in myelitis patients, and of the sensorimotor and secondary visual networks in NMOSD patients. The opposite trend was observed in regions of RSNs spared by pathology: the auditory and part of visual networks in NMOSD, the secondary visual and sensorimotor networks in ON, and the primary visual network in myelitis patients. Better motor performance correlated with higher RS FC of spared RSNs. Conclusion: Sensory and motor RSN abnormalities occur in NMOSD. Loss of function within disease–target networks may elicit cross-modal plasticity across sensory networks potentially preserving clinical function.

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THE MEASUREMENT OF SENSORY-MOTOR PERFORMANCE : SURVEY AND REAPPRAISAL OF TWELVE YEARS' PROGRESS

Ergonomics ◽

10.1080/00140136008930484 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 189-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 241

Author(s):

A. T. WELFORD

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Sensory Motor

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Learning Curves for Sensory-Motor Performance

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181381025001149 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 566-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.T. Welford

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Motor Performance ◽

General Concept ◽

Learning Curves ◽

Sense Organs ◽

Neural Noise ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

The Central Nervous System

A theory which accounts for both increase of accuracy and decrease of time taken for sensory-motor performance with practice is proposed within the general concept that signals from sense organs and in the central nervous system have to be detected against a background of random neural activity (“neural noise”).

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