scholarly journals "My Daughter Was Sacrificed by My Mother": Women's Involvement in Ritually Motivated Violence and Murder in Contemporary Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chima Agazue ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Criminal Psychology ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Different Types

Ritually motivated crimes are grave crimes that continue to plague contemporary Africa. Occasionally, victims abducted for ritual purposes are discovered and set free. Fresh or decomposing bodies are spotted somewhere, often with missing parts taken by the ritual killers who killed the victims. Some missing persons in the continent are presumed to have been abducted or killed by ritually motivated criminals. Although ritually motivated crimes take different forms, most of them involve brutal acts of violence and murder. The barbaric manner in which these criminals attack or slaughter their victims creates fear and panic. Traditionally, men commit serious crimes involving brutal acts of violence and murder. However, this has changed in recent times as many women currently engage in violent crimes and murder. Thus, researchers in criminology and criminal psychology have paid increasing research attention to women’s involvement in serious crimes. The African magic industry attracts both men and women as clients, witchdoctors, and ritualists. Like male witchdoctors, the female witchdoctors equally dispatch human body hunters and kidnappers to find victims. Women patronize witchdoctors with the full awareness that human parts would be used in the preparation of the charms or concoctions they seek. Women work independently or as accomplices to males who abduct, attack, or kill those targeted for ritual purposes. While women’s involvements in different types of violent crimes and murder are well documented, women’s participation in ritually motivated violence and murder has been overly neglected in academic literature. This article aims to bridge this vital gap. It explores how women actively participate in ritually motivated violence and murder in different capacities in contemporary Africa and calls for research to establish motivations and modus operandi specific to women in these serious crimes.

Do Men and Women Feel Extreme Jealousy in Different Types of Relationships? Sex Differences in the Contexts of Jealousy and Envy

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. Sagarin ◽  
Katharine E. Seidelman ◽  
Leah Peryer ◽  
Jeremy Heider ◽  
Sherman B. Serna
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Time Allocation between Paid and Unpaid Work among Men and Women: An Empirical Study of Indian Villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2671
Author(s):  
A. Amarender Reddy ◽  
Surabhi Mittal ◽  
Namrata Singha Roy ◽  
Sanghamitra Kanjilal-Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Wage Earning ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Wage Income

The paper examines the time allocation between paid work (wage earning or self-employed work generally termed as employment work) and unpaid (domestic chores/care work generally termed as non-employment work) along with wage rates, imputed earnings, and occupational structure among men and women and according to different social groups to establish the extent to which the rural labour market is discriminated by sex and social group. The major objective of the paper is to show the differential in wage income between men and women in farm and non-farm activities. The paper also shows the division of time between employment and non-employment activities by men and women. The paper uses high-frequency data and applies econometric techniques to know the factors behind time allocation among different activities across gender. The study finds that males spend more hours on employment work and work at a higher wage rate than females. As a result, a vast monetary income gap between men and women is observed, even though women worked more hours if employment and non-employment activities are jointly taken into consideration. Time spent on employment work and non-employment (mainly domestic chores) has been found to vary significantly due to social identity, household wealth, land, income, education, and skill. The segregation of labour market by sex was evident in this study, with men shifting to non-farm occupations with greater monetary returns and continued dependence on women’s farm activities. Enhancing the ownership of land and other assets, encouraging women’s participation particularly among minorities, and improving health are some of the policy recommendations directed from this study to enhance participation in employment work and shifting towards higher wage income employment.

scholarly journals Questioning Racial and Gender Bias in AI-based Recommendations: Do Espoused National Cultural Values Matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjul Gupta ◽  
Carlos M. Parra ◽  
Denis Dennehy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
And Gender

AbstractOne realm of AI, recommender systems have attracted significant research attention due to concerns about its devastating effects to society’s most vulnerable and marginalised communities. Both media press and academic literature provide compelling evidence that AI-based recommendations help to perpetuate and exacerbate racial and gender biases. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which individuals might question AI-based recommendations when perceived as biased. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigate the effects of espoused national cultural values on AI questionability, by examining how individuals might question AI-based recommendations due to perceived racial or gender bias. Data collected from 387 survey respondents in the United States indicate that individuals with espoused national cultural values associated to collectivism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance are more likely to question biased AI-based recommendations. This study advances understanding of how cultural values affect AI questionability due to perceived bias and it contributes to current academic discourse about the need to hold AI accountable.

scholarly journals Physical activity of subjects aged 50–64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1163-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haftenberger ◽  
AJ Schuit ◽  
MJ Tormo ◽  
H Boeing ◽  
N Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:To describe physical activity of participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study.Subjects:This analysis was restricted to participants in the age group 50–64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 participants from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for men and women from each centre.Results:Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC participants engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch participants and lowest among men from Malmö (Sweden) and women from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. Women from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping.Conclusions:There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both men and women.

scholarly journals Effect of different types of smoking and synergism with hepatitis C virus on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in American men and women: Case-control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 1883-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal M. Hassan ◽  
Margaret R. Spitz ◽  
Melanie B. Thomas ◽  
Adel S. El-Deeb ◽  
Katrina Y. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Resurrection, revenance, and exhumation: the problematics of the dead body in songs and laments

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 28-54
Author(s):  
Madis Arukask
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Familiar Environment ◽  
Folk Tradition

Different types of folklore texts differ from each other by their function. We can distinguish between genres meant to be believed (like legend) and genres recognized in advance as fiction (fairy-tale). At the same time, textual fiction may also have served practical purposes—such as the telling of fairy-tales during the late autumn and early winter for purposes of fertility magic—as used to be the case in the Estonian folk tradition. There are folklore genres that have functioned, among other things, as an accompaniment, comment on, or support to rituals or practices being carried out—for instance, an incantation during a cure, or a lament in death-related procedures, when a person must be separated from his familiar environment. The same textual formulae fulfil different tasks in different genres, which means that they also carry a different meaning. The present paper considers some themes related to the bodily aspect of humanity in various genres of folklore, particularly in songs and laments, as well as in practices related to death and commemoration. As expected, the problems connected with the human body have in these genres undergone transformations of meaning, the understanding and interpretation of which may vary considerably. The mater­ial discussed in the article derives mainly from the Balto-Finnic and north Russian cultural area, partly from the author's own experience during his field trips.

Differences in Perceptions of Managerial Roles by Gender among Southern Business Students

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-843
Author(s):  
James O. Smith ◽  
Robert E. Schellenberger
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Spearman Rank Order Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Managerial Success ◽  
Managerial Roles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chi Squared

Perception of the roles necessary for managerial success based on the 10 verbal descriptors of the Mintzberg roles were gathered from 128 business students at a southern U.S. university. The objective was to assess whether these 72 men and 56 women viewed the importance of the roles differently. Ratings were collected on the 10 roles for each of four different types of managers. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, chi-squared analysis, and Spearman rank-order correlation. No differences were observed in the perception of men and women in these roles or of their relative importance.

Joined-Up Government and the Civil Service

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Page
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Different Types

This chapter discusses joined-up government and its effect on the civil service. The focus is on the different silo mentalities which are used to connote not being joined-up. In this chapter particular attention is given to the indiscriminate attack on silo and the implication that ‘everyone is guilty’ which leads to the avoidance of careful diagnosis of problems. Discussed herein are the different types of silo mentalities that exit on the basis of some of the academic literature. The chapter also discusses the different consequences that might arise from the silos including the consequences brought about by the silos into the typology of patterns of non-joined-up government. The chapter ends with a discussion on the implications of this typology to the civil service reform including the possible positive aspects of these implications.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Katie Lauve-Moon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Pastors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

This concluding chapter demonstrates the concept of the stained-glass labyrinth by providing an overview of gendered barriers identified in each chapter and ways different types of gendered organizational processes reinforce normative gender structure both within these organizations and in broader society. It illustrates how gendered processes on the individual, interactional, organizational, and societal levels are mutually reinforcing in ways that result in unequal outcomes between men and women. In particular, this chapter illustrates how normative gender structure within CBF congregations presents barriers for women pastors in these contexts thereby reinforcing their underrepresentation in leadership positions. Finally, this chapter reiterates previous chapters by emphasizing organizational (structural) change. Instead of exclusively expecting women pastors to adopt strategies to maneuver better through organizational gendered barriers and resist sexism, this work calls on organizations to change the gender structure itself so that women no longer have to clear unequal and sizeable hurdles on their paths to pastoral positions and in their positions as pastors. For it is only through structural change that gender equality can be fully realized.

Knowledge and event leadership (Jane Tattersall)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Business Setting ◽  
Technology Competition

The aim of this chapter is to explain the value and management of different types of knowledge in an events or music festival business setting, where its potential to maximise profit and help an organisation to outperform its rivals has received less attention in academic literature than other sectors such as manufacturing or information technology. Competition in the events and festivals sectors has increased considerably as more companies join the market, and the nature and scope of events has widened to satisfy consumer appetites for more diverse and engaging experiences. Leaders that nurture, recognise, manage and employ knowledge effectively are more likely to be innovative and successful in their sector. Throughout the chapter, knowledge is explored mostly through the lens of music festivals, although the points made are easily applicable to the wider events, tourism and leisure sectors.

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