scholarly journals TRANSESTERIFIKASI ENZIMATIK ASAM LEMAK DARI SUBSTRAT MINYAK SAWIT DAN SANTAN KELAPA

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Joko Sulistyo ◽  
Yati Soedaryati Soeka ◽  
Rini Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

We have reported he potency of microbial extracellular enzyme for coconut oil by fermentation. Further investigation was aimed to study capacity if the enzyme on bioproses of crude palm oil by transesterification saturated fatty acid to fatty acid ester which is useful for industry of cosmetics, biopharmacy and natural chemistry. We have studied some lipase from culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis FM-9101, Pseudomonas aerogenes FM-9201, Pseudomonas fluorescens FM-9202, Pseudomonas stutzerri FM 9203, and Candida rugosa FM-9301. Those five strains showed different activities during the hydrolysis substrate which resulted in decreasing or increasing free fatty acids those were liberated from media containing crude palm oil, coconut milk or mixed of both. The optimal transesterification condition were at temperature 45-50o C and pH 4.5 for C. rugosa and pH 6.0 tp 7.0 for P. aerogenes, P. fluorescens, P. stutzeri and B. subtilis. Under the enzyme concentration of 25 percent (v/v), the transesterification was effectively occurred, while at the concentration of 20 percent (v/v) the enzymatically biosynthesis required longer incubation period.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL PROTECTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON HYDROGENATION OF RUMEN FLUID UNSATURATED FATTY ACID: ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD AND MEAT FATTY ACID

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Nafly C. Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman Rusman ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P

D-optimal Design Optimization for the Separation of Oleic Acid from Malaysian High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Fatty Acids Mixture Using Urea Complex Fractionation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Bahadi ◽  
Nadia Salih ◽  
Jumat Salimon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Urea Complex ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

Oleic acid (OA) rich vegetable oils is important for the daily essential dietary oils intake but restrict to particular oil such as olive oil. However OA enrichment to other vegetable oil such as palm oil is always possible. OA can be obtained from cheap resources such as high free fatty acid crude palm oil (HFFA-CPO). OA concentrate from HFFA-CPO fatty acids mixture requires efficient and low cost technique. Urea complex crystallization fractionation is a classic method for fractionating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids from polyunsaturated fatty acids of many vegetable oils. In this work, the separation and purification of oleic acid (OA) from unsaturated fatty acids mixture fraction (USFA) of HFFA-CPO fatty acids mixture by urea complex fractionation (UCF) was studied. The crystallization reaction conditions of urea inclusion for the non-urea complex fraction (NUCF) were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the optimal model was developed. The results showed high content of OA (88%) in urea complex fraction (UCF) with 86% yield at optimal conditions of urea-to-USFAs ratio of 4.62 : 1 (w/w), crystallization temperature at –10°C and crystallization time of 24 h. The results have demonstrated that urea complex crystallization fractionation method is a very effective with low cost, stable, obtainable, and comparatively ease to recover of OA from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of an oil fatty acids mixture. Pure OA is plausible to be used back for the OA enrichment modification into palm oil for new dietary oil.

scholarly journals Studies on the Fatty Acid Composition of Edible Oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chowdhury ◽  
LA Banu ◽  
S Khan ◽  
A Latif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Mustard Oil

Fatty acid analysis of the five types of locally consumed edible oils (n = 22) was carried out using a Gas Chromatograph (G.C) equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and stainless steel packed column. The results showed that sunflower oil contained the highest percentage of long chain mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (91.49 ± 1.91 %) compared to soybean oil (81.14 ± 1.49 %), mustard oil (86.80 ± 3.07 %), palm oil (53.30 ± 0.36 %) and coconut oil (7.12 ± 0.51 %). Two varieties of mustard oil, low erucic (= 5 %, n=3) and high erucic acid ( >14 %, n=2) and two varieties of sunflower oil, high linoleic-low oleic (61-66 % & 22-27 %, n=2) and low linoleic- high oleic (29-38 % and 53-63 %, n =3) were found. Sunflower oil with the highest percentage of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially the high linoleic- low oleic variety appeared to be superior and most suitable edible oil for mass consumption. Key words: Fatty acid, Gas chomatograph, Sunflower oil, Soybean oil, Mustard oil, Palm oil, Coconut oil. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(3), 311-316, 2007

scholarly journals A highly efficient separation and physicochemical characteristics of saturated fatty acids from crude palm oil fatty acids mixture using methanol crystallisation method

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. A203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Al-Wali Japir ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
Darfizzi Derawi ◽  
Badrul Hisham Yahaya ◽  
Murad Bahadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

The objective of the current study was to separate saturated fatty acids (SFAs) from high free fatty acid crude palm oil fatty acid mixture using the methanol crystallisation method. The development of methanol crystallisation method procedure was based on various parameters. The fatty acid composition was determined by using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. The highest percentage of SFAs was more than 89% with the percentage yield of 48.9% under the optimal conditions of the fatty acids-to-methanol ratio of 1:15 (w/v), the crystallisation temperature of −15 °C, and the crystallisation time of 24 hours, respectively. After a double crystallisation, the composition of separated SFAs contains 90% of palmitic acid (C16:0) as a major component and 5.8% of stearic acid (C18:0), respectively. Moreover, almost 4.2% of oleic acid (C18:1) was observed in the saturated solid product. Based on the results, the use of methanol as a crystallisation solvent is recommended because of its high efficiency, low cost, stability, obtainability, and comparative ease of recovery.

Separation of free fatty acids from high free fatty acid crude palm oil using short-path distillation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Al-Wali Japir ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
Darfizzi Derawi ◽  
Murad Bahadi ◽  
Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Short Path ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Short Path Distillation

scholarly journals Pengaruh Zat Aditif Urea terhadap Kuantitas Biodiesel Pada Reaksi Transesterfikasi

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rismawati Rasyid ◽  
Ummu Kalsum ◽  
Rahmaniah Malik ◽  
Dadi Priyono ◽  
Azis Albar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Rbd Palm Oil

Abstrak Asam lemak jenuh maupun tak jenuh pada minyak nabati memiliki potensi untuk diubah menjadi bahan kimia penyusun bahan bakar . Komponen asam lemak pada CPO RBD dengan komposisi terbesar adalah asam palmitat (38.2%) dan asam oleat (45.89%).  Pembuatan biodiesel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan CPO (Crude Palm Oil) yang telah dimurnikan melalui reaksi transesterfikasi dengan pereaksi etanol dan katalisator KOH. Penambahan urea sebagai zat aditif pada reaksi dapat meningkatkan kualitas biodiesel yang diperoleh serta lebih efisien dalam tahapan pemurnian. Persentase kadar FAME (Fatty Acid Metyl Ester) setara dengan persen yield biodiesel pada proses reaksi tanpa penambahan urea adalah 90.34% dan mengalami peningkatan setelah penambahan urea sebesar 98%. Densitas yang dihasilkan pada reaksi tanpa zat aditif  0.868 gr/ ml dan reaksi dengan penambahan zat aditif memiliki densitas  0.866 gr/ml,  kedua produk tersebut telah sesuai dengan standar SNI yakni berkisar 0.85–0.89. Kata kunci : biodiesel, CPO, zat aditif Abstract Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils have potential to be converted into constituent of chemicals fuel. Fatty acids in the RBD palm oil with the largest composition are palmitic acid (38.2%) and oleic acid (45.89%). Production of fuel which substitute diesel fuel (biodiesel) from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) which has been purified by transesterification reaction with ethanol reagent and KOH catalyst. The addition of urea as an additive substancein the reaction to improve  the quality as well as more efficient biodiesel obtained in the purification stages. Percentage value of FAME(Fatty Acid Metyl Ester)or yield biodiesel in the reaction without the addition of urea is 90.34% and after the addition of urea increased by 98%. Density of product that produced in the reaction without additives is 0.868 g / ml and for reaction with additives has a density of 0.866 g / ml, both of these products are met the criteria of SNI  standards which ranged from 0.85 to 0.89. Keywords : Biodiesel, CPO, additive substance

Characteristics of Crude Palm Oil Produced in Hainan

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Gong ◽  
Gan Ran Deng ◽  
Jian Hua Cao ◽  
Guo Jie Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Crude palm oil (CPO) was extracted from fresh fruit bunches of RYL7 oil palm cultivated in Hainan by using a self-made single stage screw press. The physicochemical characteristics and Fatty acid composition of the CPO was investigated. The experimental results included melting point (33.10 °C), density (0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C), acid value (8.35 mg KOH/g), iodine value (62.72 mg iodine/g), saponifiable value (198.02 mg KOH/g), moisture and volatile matter (0.16% of total lipids), insoluble impurities (0.04% of total lipids), unsaponifiable matter (0.40% of total lipids). Oleic acid (40.90% of total fatty acids), palmitic acid (37.88% of total fatty acids), linoleic (14.29% of total fatty acids), followed by stearic acid (5.11% of total fatty acids) were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the oil. The unsaturated oleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in CPO of Hainan while saturated palmitic acid was the most principal fatty acid in palm oil from Malaysia. The contents of linolenic, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in this CPO were 4.09%, 5.09%, 4.09% higher than that of Malaysia, respectively. In addition, the percentages of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids of this oil were 5.62%, 6.01% lower than that of Malaysia, respectively.

scholarly journals Penghambatan Peningkatan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (Free Fatty Acid) pada Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Menggunakan Asap Cair

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuku Maimun ◽  
Nasrul Arahman ◽  
Fikriatul Arifah Hasibuan ◽  
Putri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Oil Hydrolysis

Abstract                                                                        One cause of the increase in free fatty acids (FFA) in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is the activity of lipase-producing microorganisms in the oil palm fruit. Lipase is a biocatalisator which accelerate oil-hydrolysis reaction. High Free Fatty Acid Levels (FFA) will caused rancidity, change the taste and color of the oil. To solve this problem, post-harvest palm fruits should treat with some special treatment, e.g. addition of anti-microbial material, such as liquid smoke The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquid smoke on oil palm fruit, the inhibition of elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) on CPO. The factors reviewed in this study is the concentration of liquid smoke used; 5, 15, and 25% and the standing time; 12, 16 and 20 hours. The parameters observed in this study are free fatty acids (FFA), water, and impurities. The results showed that the higher the concentration of liquid smoke added, the higher inhibition of oil hydrolysis. CPO levels of FFA decreased at approximately 0,03 to 0,37% after the addition of liquid smoke. Highest inhibition on ALB increase was obtained in the treatment of the sample with the addition of 25% liquid smoke and 12 hours of standing time, which is 2,46%. Keywords: Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Water, Impurities, Liquid Smoke.Abstrak       Salah satu penyebab peningkatan asam lemak bebas (ALB) di dalam Crude Palm Oil (CPO) adalah, karena adanya aktivitas mikroorganisme penghasil lipase di dalam buah kelapa sawit. Lipase merupakan biokatalisator yang mempercepat reaksi hidrolisis minyak. Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB) yang tinggi menyebabkan ketengikan, perubahan rasa dan warna pada minyak. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, buah kelapa sawit perlu diberi perlakuan khusus, yaitu penambahan bahan anti mikroba pada buah kelapa sawit pasca panen, salah satunya adalah asap cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan asap cair pada buah kelapa sawit, terhadap penghambatan peningkatan kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB) pada CPO. Adapun faktor yang ditinjau dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi asap cair yang digunakan, yaitu 5, 15, dan 25% dan waktu pendiaman, yaitu 12, 16, dan 20 jam. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini antara lain, asam lemak bebas (ALB), air, dan kotoran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi asap cair yang ditambahkan, maka penghambatan hidrolisis minyak semakin tinggi. Kadar ALB pada CPO yang dihasilkan menurun sekitar 0,62 – 2,55% setelah penambahan asap cair. Penghambatan peningkatan ALB tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan sampel dengan penambahan 25% asap cair dan waktu pendiaman 12 jam, yaitu 2.46%. Kata kunci : Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB), Air, Kotoran (Impuritis), Asap cair (Liquid Smoke)

In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and its Fractions in Liver and Oral Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 2223-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Verma ◽  
Sanjukta Naik ◽  
Pranati Nanda ◽  
Silvi Banerjee ◽  
Satyanarayan Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells

Background: Coconut oil is an edible oil obtained from fresh, mature coconut kernels. Few studies have reported the anticancer role of coconut oil. The fatty acid component of coconut oil directly targets the liver by portal circulation and as chylomicron via lymph. However, the anti-cancer activity of coconut oil against liver cancer cells and oral cancer cells is yet to be tested. The active component of coconut oil, that is responsible for the anticancer activity is not well understood. In this study, three different coconut oils, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO), were used. Objective: Based on previous studies, it can be hypothesized that fatty acids in coconut oil may have anticancer potential and may trigger cell death in cancer cell lines. Methods: Each cell line was treated with different concentrations of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO). The treated cells were assayed by MTT after 72 hr of incubation. The fatty acid composition of different coconut oils was analyzed by gas chromatography. Result: Different concentrations of coconut oils were used to treat the cells. Interestingly, the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO was not uniform, rather the efficacy varied from cell line to cell line. Only 20% VCO showed significant anticancer activity in HepG2 cells in comparison to 80% PCO against the KB cell line. Remarkably, 20% of PCO and 5% of FCO showed potential growth inhibition in the KB cell line as compared to 80% PCO in HepG2 cells. Moreover, there was a difference in the efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO, which might be due to their fatty acid composition. Comparing the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO in this study helped to predict which class of fatty acids and which fatty acid might be associated with the anticancer activity of VCO. Conclusion: This study shows that VCO, PCO and FCO have anticancer efficacy and may be used for the treatment of cancer, especially liver and oral cancer.

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