scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sadia Hajie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

A cross sectional study was conducted in selected districts of East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional Stat from November 2013 to April 2014 on dairy cows to determine the prevalence of mastitis and determinant of its major risk factors. The study was done on 250 lactating cows, of which 109 were local and 14 1 cross breed by using clinical examination , California mastitis test (CMT) and culture. Of these 108 (43.2 %) were positive by clinical examination and CMT for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, with prevalence of 4 % and 38.8 %, respectively. All the p otential risk factors considered in this study namely, parity ( p < 0.05), breed (p< 0.05), age (p < 0.05), stage of lactation (p < 0.05),breed (p < 0.05) and husbandry (p < 0.05) showed a significant effect on prevalence of mastitis in present study. Thus , high prevalencence of mastitis was observed in older cows >7 years and cows with parity >7 but high prevalence was obtained on early and late stage of lactation. The study also revealed that cross breed lactating cows and those managed intensively were s usceptible to mastitis. The highly prevalent bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aurous (46 %) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae which accounts (19.4 %), and others were Staphylococcus intermidius, E. coli and Corynebacterial species with respective pr oportion of 16.6, 10.9 and 7.1%. The present study also revealed that mastitis is the major problem in smallholder dairy farms in the study area specially the sub clinical form, so that creation of awareness about the importance and prevention of subclinic al mastitis among smallholder dairy farmers, milking infected animals and periodic monitoring of infection status of the udder is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis in Southern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adehanom Baraki ◽  
Teshale Teklue ◽  
Tesfay Atsbha ◽  
Temesgen Tesfay ◽  
Solomon Wayou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
History Of

Mastitis is the most common disease of adult dairy cattle. The disease continues to be one of the most perplexing and costly diseases of dairy cattle. The present study was conducted to detect bovine mastitis cows and identify potential risk factors for the distribution of bovine mastitis of smallholder dairy farmers using the California mastitis test. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2013 to May 2015 in the southern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, on 146 head of randomly selected cattle, of which 99 (67.8%) were crossed zebu and 47 (32.2%) pure local zebu using the California mastitis test and questionnaire. The overall prevalence was 65 (45.5%), of which 72.3% of crossed local and 27.69% of local zebu were found positive for the CMT test. The investigated risk factors were the season of lactation (OR = 0.510, CI = 0.208–1.247, P = 0.140 ), washing hands between consecutive milking events (OR = 0.354, CI = 0.146–0.856, P = 0.021 ), and history of previous mastitis (OR = 0.441, CI = 0.226–0.858, P = 0.016 ), which had significant ( P < 0.05 ) effect on the present prevalence of bovine mastitis in the study area. A high prevalence of bovine mastitis was observed in the southern zone of Tigray. The summer season of lactation and not washing hands between consecutive milking of cows were significant mastitis causation risk factors in addition to the history of previous mastitis disease history.

scholarly journals Study on Bovine Mastitis under Different Management in Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Areas of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adem Kumbe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Borana Zone

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated potential risk factors and major etiological agents of clinical and sub clinical mastitis under different management condition of pastoral, agro-pastoral, ranch and farm by using California mastitis test and bacteriology. A total of 384 lactating Borana cows in Did-tuyura ranch, Yabello Pastoral and dryland agriculture research center (YPDARC) dairy farm and three districts namely Gomole, Moyale and Yabello of Borana zone were included in the study. The study revealed that overall prevalence of mastitis were 47.4 % (182/384); out of which 12 % (46/384) clinical and 35.4 % (136/384) sub-clinical mastitis whereas prevalence at quarter level was 21.48% (330/1536) of which 3% (46/1536) and 18.48% (284/1536) were clinical and sub-clinical form respectively. From the total examined quarter, 3.5% (53) of quarters had blind quarter. Prevalence in pastoral and agro-pastoral herding system (extensive management system) at cow level and quarter level were 18.9% and 10.9% respectively while prevalence in Did-tuyura ranch and YPDARC dairy farm herding system (semi-intensive) were 20% and 7% at cow level and quarter level respectively. The prevalence of mastitis significantly (P<0.05) differed with parity, stage of lactation and body condition of lactating animals. From 330 California Mastitis Test (CMT) and clinically positive milk samples there was growth of bacteria on culture media observed only in 155 (46.97%). Out of this Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 59 (38.06%) isolates followed by Streptococcus species 33 (21.29%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 30 (19.35%). Due to lack of proper managements of different risk factors major pathogenic microorganisms are isolated. Proper preventive and control strategy, awareness creation on key factors of mastitis, Regular screening and culling of chronically infected cows should be practiced.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis in the Western Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Müller FOTSAC DZOUSSE ◽  
◽  
Marc K. KOUAM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Age Range

Mastitis is the major disease in milking cows causing huge losses to the dairy industry worldwide. It is in view to contribute to the eradication of this pathology that the present study was carried out in cattle farms of the West Region of Cameroon from March 2020 to November 2020. A total of 473 lactating cows of local and improved breeds were screened for mastitis. Screening for clinical and sub-clinical mastitis was based on the observation of clinical signs and on the use of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) respectively. The overall prevalence was 34.88%, among which 9.72% and 25.16% represented clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. In summary, the factors influencing the occurrence of mastitis were: the divisions surveyed (p<0.001), breed type (p=0.003), age range (p<0,001), farm type (p=0.05), soil type (p<0,001), cleaning frequency (p<0.001), feeding method (p<0.001), hygiene of udder (p=0.05) and stage of lactation (p=0.02). The results obtained allow us to recommend an improvement of the breeding conditions to prevent mastitis, because once mastitis appears in a farm, it becomes very difficult to eradicate it.

scholarly journals Assessment of sub-clinical mastitis and its associated risk factors in dairy livestock of Lamjung, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Khanal ◽  
A Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

INTRODUCTION: Mastitis is one among the top three threats faced by dairy farmers. The study was carried out to assess sub-clinical mastitis, management practices and associated risk factors for mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Chandreshwor and Archalbot VDCs of Lamjung district taking 63 dairy livestock randomly each from a herd along with questionnaire survey to respective owner. Tem ml of milk sample from each quarter was taken in a sterilized syringe for further laboratory investigation. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed at farmer’s shed. Organisms were identified based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: On CMT, subclinical mastitis was 46.1% (n=29) and 30.15% (n=76) on animal and quarter basis respectively, however, culture showed, 28.6% and 24.2%. Streptococcal mastitis was the commonest (11.1%) followed by coliform (9.5%) and staphylococcal (7.9%). Mastitis was highest in left fore quarter (34.92%) followed by left hind (31.76%), right hind (28.57%) and right fore (25.39%). Coliform & Staphylococcal mastitis was highest in left fore and right hind quarter respectively. Most of dairy animals (86%) were on zero grazing, 30% (n=19) of the farmers had forage trees and only 29% (n=18) had known about subclinical mastitis. The average milk production was 3.5 ±1.47 liters. Subclinical mastitis was associated significantly (p<0.01) with livestock yielding more than 3 lt per lactation. CONCLUSIONS: There was high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy livestock at Lamjung due to poor management, unhygienic shed, and little knowledge on subclinical mastitis.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8322 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):49-54  

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MMU Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Kamal ◽  
M Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Control Programmes

Identification of risk factors is important for the design of control programmes for mastitis in cows. Information about farms and management was collected at a farm visit. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed to assess sub-clinical mastitis, and cows, udder and milk were examined for clinical mastitis. A total of 347 lactating cows from 83 farms in the dry season (November - February) and 388 lactating cows from 89 farms in the wet season (June - October) were studied. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 19.9% and 44.8% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mild mastitis was 17.3% and 40.7%, whereas that of moderate mastitis was 2.6% and 4.1% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was higher (P<0.01) in wet than in dry season. On average, 18.7% quarters had mastitis during the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season. In the dry and wet seasons, respectively, 63.9% and 11.2% had completely dry floors, and the prevalence of mastitis was 22.6% and 30.0%. On the other hand, 88.8% and 36.1% of 83 farms had partly or completely wet and soiled floor and the prevalence of mastitis was 40.0% and 59.5% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Udder cleanliness, milk yield and peri-parturient diseases significantly (P<0.01) increased the risk of mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis is regarded as quite high. Dry and clean floor to keep cow's udder and teat clean would help control mastitis in the dairy farms of Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i2.4951 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 2, 54-60

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Mahlangu ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
John Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with cows' lying time, stall and cows' own cleanliness in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
E. K. Kathambi ◽  
J. A. VanLeeuwen ◽  
G. K. Gitau ◽  
C. Kamunde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

Background and Aim: The welfare of animals kept in livestock production systems has raised concerns around the world. Adult dairy cattle require adequate rest and spend approximately 12 h/day lying down. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the stall factors and management practices affecting cows' lying time, stall cleanliness, and cows' cleanliness (udder and upper leg), in smallholder dairy cows in Meru County of Kenya. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 milking cows from 73 farms were assessed for daily lying time and cleanliness. Data loggers were used to record the lying time of cows for 3 days. Stall, udder, and upper leg cleanliness were assessed using a 5-score system: 1 (very clean) to 5 (very dirty). Management information was acquired using a questionnaire that was administered face-to-face to the farmers in their native Kimeru language. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fit to determine factors associated with cows' lying time and dichotomized stall and cows' own cleanliness, respectively. Results: The mean daily lying time was 10.9±2.2 h, and the mean stall cleanliness score was 2.4±1.0. The mean average cleanliness scores of the udder and upper legs were 1.9±0.7 and 2.5±1.1, respectively. Overall, 35% of the stalls were categorized as dirty (>2.5), whereas 13% and 47% of the cows had udder and leg cleanliness scores >2.5, respectively. From the final multivariable models (p<0.05), daily lying time increased by 1.0 h for cows older than 5.25 years versus younger cows. Conversely, lying time decreased by 1.0 h with stall cleanliness scores >2.5 and by 1.6 h with poorly positioned neck rails. In an interaction term, addition of new bedding at least once a day without removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the daily lying time of the cows by 1.5 h, whereas failure to add new bedding at least once a day but removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the lying time of the cows by 1.2 h. Farm-level risk factors for stall dirtiness (>2.5) included delayed cleaning of the alley (odds ratio [OR]=6.6, p=0.032), lack of bedding (OR=4.9, p=0.008), and standing idle and/or backward in the stall (OR=10.5, p=0.002). Stalls categorized as dirty (OR=2.9, p=0.041) and lack of bedding (OR=2.7, p=0.065) were cow- and farm-level risk factors for dirtiness of the udder (>2.5), respectively, whereas the stall being dirty (OR=2.3, p=0.043) was the only risk factor (cow level) for dirtiness of the upper legs (>2.5). Conclusion: It was recommended that farmers should pay attention to the specific factors identified regarding the stall design (e.g., neck rail position) and bedding/manure management that impact the cleanliness of cows and their lying time.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine clinical mastitis in Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Bari ◽  
M Alam ◽  
M Uddin ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
General Physical

A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence; and identification of risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows at Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh from 20th July to 31st December, 2013. A total of 160 farms and households were selected and 634 cows were clinically examined for determining the prevalence of mastitis and identification of risk factors. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis was found 8.36%. Mastitis prevalence in crossbred cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher (10.09%) than indigenous cows (4.26%). The prevalence of mastitis was also significantly higher (P<0.05) with advancing age (12.5%) and in 3rd lactation period (13.62%). The cows were more prone to mastitis during 1st month of lactation (17.53%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between prevalence of clinical mastitis and associated risk factors like general physical condition, herd size, frequency of dung removal, floor drainage quality and condition of floor. There was higher (P<0.01) prevalence (33.67%) of mastitis in cows having history of peri-parturient disease compared to those not having such history. Therefore, it can be concluded that minimization of risk factors of mastitis is very much necessary to control mastitis as well as to increase profitability of dairy farms.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 5-9

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmeto Abebe ◽  
Mesele Abera ◽  
Yifat Denbarga ◽  
Mishamo Suleyman ◽  
Amene Fekadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases in dairy farms worldwide. It is particularly important in Ethiopia where no routine prevention and control practices are in place. This cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2017 and June 2018 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, identify the associated risk factors and isolate bacterial causes in dairy farms located in southern Ethiopia using standard microbiological methods and questionnaire survey. A total of 686 lactating cows which were found in 122 selected dairy farms were investigated by physical examination and California mastitis test. The overall cow-level prevalence of mastitis was 54.2% (95% CI: 50.5 – 57.9%). Based on the study site, the prevalence was 55.7% in Hawassa, 54.3% in Arsi Negele, 52.6% each in Wondo Genet and Wolayta Soddo towns with no significant (p > 0.05) difference among the sites. The majority of mastitis cases were subclinical (48.1%) while the clinical mastitis was only 6.1%. Of the 122 herds tested, 109 (89.3%; 95% CI: 82.1 – 93.9%) had at least a cow positive for mastitis. The study showed that high parity number (OR = 1.6; p = 0.015), flat (OR = 4.5; p <0.001) and round (OR = 2; p <0.001) teat end shape, history of mastitis in preceding lactation (OR = 3.3; p <0.001), and slightly (OR = 3.5; p < 0.001), moderately (OR = 4.9; p < 0.001), and very dirty (OR = 9.2; p < 0.001) udder and legs were the major risk factors which are significantly associated with higher prevalence of mastitis. Based on the available media and reagents, the major bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were Staphylococcus spp. (57.3%), Streptococcus spp. (18.6%), E. coli (17.3%) and Bacillus spp. (7.5%) in order of their abundance. The present study revealed a high prevalence of mastitis, particularly the subclinical one, and the associated risk factors. Enhancing the awareness of dairy farmers, regular screening of cows for subclinical mastitis, proper treatment of the clinical cases, improving the hygienic condition of the cows, and culling of chronically infected cows are critically important to prevent and control bovine mastitis. Keywords: Mastitis, Prevalence, Risk factors, Southern Ethiopia

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Weldemelak Girmay ◽  
Getachew Gugsa ◽  
Habtamu Taddele ◽  
Yisehak Tsegaye ◽  
Nesibu Awol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates pose a severe challenge to both veterinary and health professions and dairy cattle producers. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to May 2015 to isolate and identify S. aureus from mastitic cows’ milk and estimate the occurrence of MRSA in the dairy farms of Shire. Physical examination and California mastitis test were performed on a total of 220 dairy cows. Bacteriological isolation and identification and antibiogram testing were performed. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection of mec A and fem A genes. Out of the 220 dairy cows, 64 (29.09%) were positive for bovine mastitis, and of these, 32.81% were coagulase-positive S. aureus (CoPS). Antibiogram test results showed 100% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin, and 33.33% of the CoPS showed resistance to oxacillin (phenotypically MRSA positive). But 38.09% of the CoPS were found to be resistant and susceptible to vancomycin. PCR amplification of the seven phenotypically MRSA isolates revealed that 42.9% and 71.4% of them were found to carry fem A and mec A genes, respectively. The current study revealed the existence of alarming level of CoPS and development of multidrug resistance.

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