scholarly journals Ammonia Determination In Bottled Water Using Spectrophotometer : Comparison Between Nessler And Berthelot Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashadi Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Ammonia Determination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nessler Reagent

Ammonium concentration in bottled drinking water should not exceed 0.15 ppm. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN) had issued two standard methods for analysis, Nessler (SNI 01-03554-1998) and Berthelot (SNI 01-03554-2006). Both were statistically compared. The first method was much simpler than the second one because the preparation was only by adding the Nessler reagent into the sample. Whereas in the second one, the addition of reagents should be prepared freshly. The variance coefficient of the first method was 3.41% with linearity 0.9995 and recovery was 101.05%. Whereas variance coefficient of second method was 3.64 % with linearity 0.9995 and recovery was 105.62%. Significance test between the methods showed that value of Fexp (1.043) was less than Fcrit (4.284),  and value of texp (2.36) was less than tcrit  (2.45) in interval of confidence 95%. There was no significant difference between two methods

Survey of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Canada. Part 1. Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Aluminum, and Fluoride

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Dabeka ◽  
Henry B S Conacher ◽  
John Salminen ◽  
Gerald R Nixon ◽  
Gunther Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Mineral Spring ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Drug Regulations ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Abstract Samples of bottled water (n = 172) offered for sale in Canada were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, and fluoride: means and ranges (μg/g) found were, respectively, 0.0026 (<0.0010- 0.074), 0.00018 (<0.0001-0.0004), 0.0030 (<0.001- 0.048), 0.027 (<0.010-0.568), and 0.543 (<0.050- 5.85). Comparison of levels among mineral waters (n = 64), spring waters (n = 77), and miscellaneous waters (n = 31) indicated appreciable differences only in the case of fluoride. For fluoride, the means and medians (μg/g) for mineral, spring, and miscellaneous waters were 1.179 and 0.455, 0.152 and 0.090, and 0.201 and <0.050, respectively. No samples were found in violation of the tolerances in the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations; however, 1 sample (in a lead-soldered can) contained lead and 15 samples contained fluoride at levels above the limits recommended by the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water (tap-water) Quality.

Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas in bottled drinking water

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Hernandez Duquino ◽  
Fred A. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference

Eight different bottled drinking waters were tested weekly over an 8-month period to determine the diversity of their Pseudomonas population and their sensitivity to eight antibiotics used in treating Pseudomonas infections. Nine species of Pseudomonas were recovered, with P. stutzeri (24%) and P. diminuta (18.8%) being the most common isolates. Sensitivity patterns of environmental and clinical isolates were shown to differ to some degree. Statistical analyses indicated a significant effect of specific antibiotic on the size of the inhibition zone, a significant difference between species and size of inhibition zone, and a strong species–antibiotic interaction. Distribution of species within the brands of water was also significantly different in 68% of the paired comparisons.

scholarly journals Analisa Pemilihan Air Mineral dan Rekomendasi Terbaik dengan Metode SMART (Simple Multy Atribute Rating Technique)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Dedi Leman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Intense Competition

Everyone needs drinking water which is increasing in line with the increasing population of Indonesia, but while the amount and level of drinking water decreases so people are looking for other options to get healthy drinking water and good levels. major developments in the sale of bottled drinking water, along with the arrival of many bottled drinking water products that are spread throughout the country bring increasingly intense competition among bottled beverage vendors. Various kinds of prices have a good and advanced impact on purchasing decisions. With the simple multy attribute rating technique, the method will find out the best mineral water according to the selected criteria. The purpose of this study is to examine the good levels of products, prices and the introduction of purchasing drinking water into a decision in purchasing bottled water. This research results that various kinds of product quality have a positive and significant influence on people's purchasing decisions in buying bottled water

scholarly journals Tendencies towards bottled drinking water consumption: Challenges ahead of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Hassan Aslani ◽  
Parisa Pashmtab ◽  
Abdolreza Shaghaghi ◽  
Asghar Mohammadpoorasl ◽  
Hassan Taghipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Waste Generation Rate ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate the logics behind tendencies towards bottled drinking water usage in spite of availability of treated tap water. The amount of waste bottle is also estimated in Iran and managing principles for resolving the issue presented. Methods: A questionnaire was used to survey the logics behind tendencies toward bottled drinking water consumption among 120 participants. In order to estimate the quantities of the PET wastes produced in the country, data about bottled water production rate as well as volume of the imported and exported drinking bottled water were collected from 1962 to 2015 and applied in the calculations. Results: Findings suggested that about 0.026 to 3.86 billion liters (about 1.04 billion literson average) of bottled water was consumed annually between 2000 and 2015. Furthermore, bottled water consumption increased from 0.41 to 48.9 L/capita-year within the same time period. In the meantime, the plastic bottle waste generation rate rose from 12.84 to 1519.38 g/capita-year. There is no efficient and suitable system for managing and recycling waste bottles in the country. The perceived unreliability of tap water quality was the main reason of bottled water consumption among 74% of the respondents. Conclusion: To reduce bottled water consumption and the associated harmful environmental and health consequences, measures such as informing people, validating public water supply quality, preventive rules enactment, and establishing extended producer responsibility (EPR) are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of bottled water in Pokhara, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Manisha Maskey ◽  
Laxminarasimha Sharma Annavarapu ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Dharma Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Physical Chemical

Background: Today possibility of rendering water non-potable by various types of contaminants (physical, chemical and biological) is of considerable importance. It is not only the microbial con­taminants but also the physical and chemical contaminants, playing an important role in compro­mising our health in many ways. The aim of this study was to assess the physical, chemical and the microbiological quality of commercially produced bottled water in Pokhara city. Methods: A study was conducted to assess the quality of bottled drinking water produced in Pokhara city. Total of 21 brands of bottled water was collected, first batch in monsoon season and second batch in pre-monsoon season, from the market. The physical, chemical and microbial as­sessment was carried out as per National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062. Coefficient of variation and t-test were applied where applicable. Results: Better water quality was found in Pre-monsoon season than that of monsoon season, in regard to microbial assessment. None of the samples in first batch tested positive for coliform whereas in second batch 38.2% of samples tested positive for coliform. Coefficient of variation for pH and chloride content was, 8.9% and 6.1%, 35.6% and24.19%, in pre-monsoon and monsoon season respectively. Both were found to be statistically significant. While other tested parameters were within normal limits. Conclusions: The quality bottled drinking water available for sale do not meet the standards given by National Drinking Water Quality Standards, particularly the microbial quality.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Sachet and Bottled Water in Ogbomoso Metropolis, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Augustine I. Airaodion ◽  
Edith O. Airaodion ◽  
Etinosa U. Osemwowa ◽  
Emmanuel O. Ogbuagu ◽  
Uloaku Ogbuagu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Government

Background: Access to potable water has become a difficult task in many countries of the world including Nigeria. In Nigeria, the government is trying her best to make water supply available to the masses but till now this vision has never been accomplished. If those living in urban areas could not have access to portable water supply by the government, what is the fate of the people living in rural areas? This has led to increased usage of sachet and bottled water as portable drinking water. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of sachet and bottled water produced and/or sold in Ogbomoso metropolis, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in Ogbomoso and Ibadan both in Oyo State Nigeria between November 2018 and February, 2019. Methodology: Twenty sachet and five bottled drinking water brands; making a total of 25 brands from different manufacturers were used for this study. They were purchased randomly from local markets, shops and street vendors within Ogbomoso metropolis. They were clearly marked for easy identification, and transported to the Quality Assurance Laboratory of Water Corporation, Eleyele, Ibadan for immediate analysis. The samples were examined physically and information on the packages were recorded. Each product was carefully opened to avoid contamination. The physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities as well as the mineral composition of all samples were analyzed using standard methods and results were compared with the recommended WHO/NIS guidelines for quality water. Results: Physical examination indicated that all the sampled water were registered with NAFDAC but 50% of the sachet water had no manufacturing and expiry dates. The results of physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities as well as the mineral composition of sachet and bottled drinking water analyzed showed that 90% of the values were within the guideline of WHO/NIS for quality water. Conclusion: Though, the average temperature values of both the sachet and bottled drinking water samples were significantly above the WHO/NIS standard, it did not have any effect on their microbiological quality properties. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria       that principally characterize drinking water quality were not present in any of the water       samples. Generally, the results obtained in this study indicated that sachet and bottled drinking water produced and/or sold in Ogbomoso metropolis were of good quality and hygienic for consumption.

scholarly journals BISPHENOL A DETECTION IN PACKAGED DRINKING WATER AND BEVERAGES USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Neha P. Sangai ◽  
◽  
Himanshu A. Pandya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: Bisphenol A is characterized as an endocrine disruptor as it interferes with the synthesis of hormones and metabolism resulting in abnormality in the homeostatis of exposed persons. It is used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins which are utilized in the preparation of almost all plastic packaging materials like plastic bottles, cans, food containers, and coating on food containers. Objective: To detect leaching of Bisphenol A in 15 samples of Bottled water and Beverages using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction technique was used for analytical detection of BPA from bottled drinking water and beverages. Results: BPA contamination in Bottled drinking water was calculated through mean concentration for a time period of 30 days as (0.38 ng/ml - 0 day), 8.86 ng/ml (5th day), 17.85 ng/ml (10th day), 30.35 ng/ml (20th day) and 44.48 ng/ml (30th day)). The mean concentration of BPA was observed to be 0.25 to 2.25 ng/ml. Also, the mean concentration of BPA at different temperatures was observed to be 5.96 ng/ml (at 40C), 5.62 ng/ml (at 200C) and 8.80 ng/ml (at 550C). The above results revealed presence of high concentration of BPA in all the samples of bottled drinking water and beverages. Conclusion: The results obtained in the above study depicted considerable amount of BPA leaching from bottled containers into drinking water and beverages. Prolong usage of bottled water and beverages should be avoided to reduce the risk of human exposure to BPA through leaching. Also, it was found that high temperatures resulted in increased BPA leaching.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Rata-Rata DMF-T Pada Masyarakat Yang Mengkonsumsi Air Minum Kemasan Isi Ulang Dan Air Sungai Yang Diendapkan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Naning K. Utami ◽  
Bainah Bainah ◽  
Muhammad Pahruddin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
A Value ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference

The Difference in Average DMF-T in Communities that Consume Refillable Bottled Drinking Water and Precipitated River Water. The average DMF-T index for Indonesia is 4.6 with a value of D-T component is 1.6, M-T component is 2.9, and an F-T component is 0.08. It means, tooth decay in Indonesian people is 460 teeth per 100 people (Riskesdas., 2013). The DMF-T index for Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan is 6.83, with a value of D-T component is 1.31, M-T component is 5.52, and F-T component is 0.12. It means, the average of tooth decay per person (severity of teeth per person) is 6.83 teeth or 7 teeth (Riskesdas., 2007). This study aimed to determine the difference of DMF-T average in people who consumed refillable bottled water and people who consumed river water treated by deposited, in Desa Samuda, Kecamatan Daha Selatan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. This research was an analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was all of the people in Desa Samuda, Kecamatan Daha Selatan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, as 110 participants. The independent variable was refilled bottled drinking water and deposited river water. The results showed that the DMF-T average in people who consumed refillable bottled water was 6.42 and the DMF-T average in people who consumed deposited river water was 8.20. Based on the result of the Independent T-Test, the value of sig (2-tailed) p = 0.004 was less than α = 0.05; (p<α), meaning that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The conclusion is that there are the differences of DMF-T average in people who consume refilled bottled drinking water and deposited river water. It is recommended that people who consume deposited river water conduct drinking water treatment that complies with health standards.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DEFECTS OF PET AND HDPE-BASED DRINKING WATER PACKAGING PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
S Pupon ◽  
M Nugraha ◽  
Y Febryani ◽  
RS Tasnim ◽  
U Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Short Shot ◽  
Manufacturing Stage

Increased community mobility has an impact on increasing demand for packaged beverage products. Data from Aspadin (the association of bottled water companies) there are more than 1500 brands of bottled water (AMDK) in Indonesia and it is estimated that trade will continue to increase every year. However, the profit margins of bottled drinking water products are not classified as high, so producers must do efficiency. One form of efficiency that can be done is to reduce the waste of packaging production, where most bottled water is made of plastic. This study aims to identify several product defects that often occur during the production process of bottled water based on PET. The process of making plastic-based drinking water packaging is divided into 3 stages. First is to make a bottle preform, the second is the blow molding process, which is the process of making a whole package from a preform, and the third is the process of making a lid. The machines used in these stages are different and in each of the stages successfully classified types of product defects. During the preform manufacturing stage, black specks or contaminants, short shots, bubbles, and flash are found. At the stage of making the whole bottle includes, off center base, failed blowing, arising bracelet, rough parting line. The last defect in the process of making the cap includes excess material flash Short shot, bridge or ring break, leak centergate.

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode Penghalusan Eksponensial Tunggal pada Prediksi Penjualan Air Minum dalam Kemasan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Dwi Handoko ◽  
Andriani Kusumaningrum KW ◽  
Retno Tri Vulandari
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Exponential Smoothing ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Single Exponential

The Bottled Drinking Water Industry has grown rapidly to various provinces and cities throughout Indonesia now. The development of this industry is caused by high demand from consumers and the lower quality of raw water in springs and wells. PT. Cahaya Bumi Intanpari (CBI) is a company that produces gallons, bottles, and glasses bottled drinking water under the brand “AirMu”. Sales of bottled water every month always fluctuate, the management of PT. Cahaya Bumi Intanpari requires an estimate of the amount of production of each type of bottled water to market demand in the future. Based on the description of the background, in this study, a desktop-based application was designed and built. The research method used includes data collection and data analysis. Data collection includes observation, interviews, and literature study. While data analysis includes making data flow diagrams. The forecasting model is used in forecasting the sales of bottled drinking water at PT. Cahaya Bumi Intanpari is a time series or it can be called a time series, and the forecasting method used is single exponential smoothing. From the results of calculation testing, it is proven that the Single Exponential Smoothing method can be implemented in the AMDK sales forecasting system. Based on the validity test, it is found that the prediction test results of bottled drinking water sales below 20% are included in the good criteria.

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