Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas in bottled drinking water

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Hernandez Duquino ◽  
Fred A. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference

Eight different bottled drinking waters were tested weekly over an 8-month period to determine the diversity of their Pseudomonas population and their sensitivity to eight antibiotics used in treating Pseudomonas infections. Nine species of Pseudomonas were recovered, with P. stutzeri (24%) and P. diminuta (18.8%) being the most common isolates. Sensitivity patterns of environmental and clinical isolates were shown to differ to some degree. Statistical analyses indicated a significant effect of specific antibiotic on the size of the inhibition zone, a significant difference between species and size of inhibition zone, and a strong species–antibiotic interaction. Distribution of species within the brands of water was also significantly different in 68% of the paired comparisons.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF UTILIZING MIANA LEAVES (COLEUS SCUTTELARIOIDES (L) BENTH) ON THE GROWTH OF ESCHERICHIA BACTERIA (E. COLI) AS A CAUSE OF DIARRHEA AT DRINKING WATER REFILL CENTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-503
Author(s):  
Nani Yuniar ◽  
Yusuf Sabilu ◽  
Juminten ◽  
Suryani ◽  
Ruslan Madjid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

This research aims to determine the inhibition and effectiveness of using miana leaf extract against the growth of E. coli bacteria that causes diarrhea. This study uses experimental research with samples of miana leaves extracted and E. coli bacteria and then uses the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney analysis to test the hypothesis. The results showed differences in the inhibition between miana leaves extract concentrations of 15%, 30%, 50%, and 90% of the growth of E. coli bacteria with Asymp values. Sig = 0.017. The most effective concentration of miana leaf extract in influencing E. coli bacteria was an extract concentration of 90% with an inhibition zone diameter of 31.27 mm. There was a significant difference in the inhibition between miana leaf extract (Coleus scutellarioides (L) Benth) on the growth of E. coli bacteria at 12, 15 & 18 hours, 20 hours, and 24 hours, with Asymp values. Sig = 0.000. Results an increase in the inhibition zone, and the highest inhibition occurred during the 24 hours, namely at a very strong 90% extract concentration. This finding proves that the compounds contained in miana leaf extract can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria. This finding has implications for refill drinking water managers to utilize miana leaf extract to avoid E. coli bacteria as the main cause of diarrhea.

scholarly journals The anti-candidal activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oils against clinical isolates of Candida albicans

Infectio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽  
Elaheh Mahdizadeh ◽  
Rezvan HeidaryTabar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Threatening

Objectives: Candida albicans as important opportunistic dimorphic fungi can cause the life threatening infections in humans. In this study, we evaluated the anticandidal activities of six samples of Pelargonium graveolens essential oils against 31 clinical isolates of C. albicans. Materials and methods: The anti-candidal activity was performed by disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays. The chemical compositions of essential oils were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) apparatus. Results: P. graveolens essential oil samples with citronellol (7.7-43.7%) and geraniol (19.3-48.5%) showed the same anti-candidal activity in two different methods. There is no significant difference between the inhibition zone diameters (19.3-24.1 mm), and the MIC and MFC values (1.06-1.48 and 1.5-1.72 μl/ml) of essential oil samples with different percent of citronellol and geraniol. Conclusion: Therefore, P. graveolens essential oils can be used as anti-candidal agent for further studies.

scholarly journals Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Acid Esters in Bottled Drinking Water from Selected Brands in Delta State, Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Oghenekohwiroro Edjere ◽  
Albert Chukwuemeka Ibezute ◽  
Osayomwanbor Ebenezer Oghama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Phthalate Acid Esters

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers. However, they have the potential to migrate from plastic materials into the environment where they pose detrimental health impacts. Hence, they have gained wide attention. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the distribution and health risk assessment of PAEs in different bottled drinking water brands in Delta State, Southern Nigeria. Samples were collected from ten (10) bottled drinking water brands across eight (8) local government areas of the State. The 6-EPA controlled PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP and DNOP) and one uncontrolled PAEs (BEP) were investigated. The individual PAE concentrations ranged from 0.005 – 2.738 µg/L while the total concentration of PAEs in the different brands ranged from 0.023 - 4.361 µg/L. The predominant PAEs across the ten brands were DMP and BEP however DBP had the highest total concentration (4.392 μg/L) making it the main contributor to PAE levels in bottled drinking water brands. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the concentration of PAEs detected in the different bottled drinking water brands (p˃0.05). Health risk assessment indicated little non-carcinogenic risks from five controlled PAEs and little carcinogenic risk from DEHP. Continuous monitoring is however recommended to ensure than PAE levels in bottled drinking water remain within permissible limits. Our results therefore provides important information for the understanding of the distribution and potential health risks of PAEs in different bottled drinking water brands in Delta State.

Evaluation of a Proportionate Sampling Device to Collect Samples for Milkfat Analysis from Farm Bulk Milk Tanks1

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. SCOTT ◽  
E. D. GLASS
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Conventional Sample

Samples of farm bulk tank milk for milkfat analysis were obtained by conventional methods (following 5–10 min of agitation) and, 2 to 3 h later, by means of a prototype vehicle-mounted proportionate sampler (maximum of 15 sec pre-agitation). Two preliminary series of proportionate samples (40 and 80 ml) were tested in duplicate for milkfat content and the mean of each sample compared with the mean milkfat content of the respective conventional sample. Ninety-seven percent and 98.1% (40- and 80-ml samples, respectively) of the paired comparisons were within ± 0.10% milkfat. Statistical analyses of both series of paired comparisons revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean milkfat content of proportionate and conventional samples, ie, the milkfat content of milk samples obtained by the proportionate sampling device accurately represented the milkfat content of milk samples obtained by the conventional method of sampling. An increase in volume of the proportionate sample from 40 to 80 ml did not significantly improve the representativeness of the proportionate sample.

scholarly journals Ammonia Determination In Bottled Water Using Spectrophotometer : Comparison Between Nessler And Berthelot Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashadi Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Ammonia Determination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nessler Reagent

Ammonium concentration in bottled drinking water should not exceed 0.15 ppm. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN) had issued two standard methods for analysis, Nessler (SNI 01-03554-1998) and Berthelot (SNI 01-03554-2006). Both were statistically compared. The first method was much simpler than the second one because the preparation was only by adding the Nessler reagent into the sample. Whereas in the second one, the addition of reagents should be prepared freshly. The variance coefficient of the first method was 3.41% with linearity 0.9995 and recovery was 101.05%. Whereas variance coefficient of second method was 3.64 % with linearity 0.9995 and recovery was 105.62%. Significance test between the methods showed that value of Fexp (1.043) was less than Fcrit (4.284),  and value of texp (2.36) was less than tcrit  (2.45) in interval of confidence 95%. There was no significant difference between two methods

scholarly journals The Effect of Perioral Scan and Artificial Skin Markers on the Accuracy of Virtual Dentofacial Integration: Stereophotogrammetry Versus Smartphone Three-Dimensional Face-Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Hang-Nga Mai ◽  
Du-Hyeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Image Integration ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Face Scanning ◽  
Scanning Systems ◽  
Dimensional Face

This study evaluated the effects of different matching methods on the accuracy of dentofacial integration in stereophotogrammetry and smartphone face-scanning systems. The integration was done (N = 30) with different matching areas (n = 10), including teeth image only (TO), perioral area without markers (PN) and with markers (PM). The positional accuracy of the integrated models was assessed by measuring the midline linear deviations and incisal line canting between the experimental groups and laser scanner-based reference standards. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). The PM method exhibited the smallest linear deviations in both systems; while the highest deviations were found in the TO in stereophotogrammetry; and in PN in smartphone. For the incisal line canting; the canting degree was the lowest in the PM method; followed by that in the TO and the PN in both systems. Although stereophotogrammetry generally exhibited higher accuracy than the smartphone; the two systems demonstrated no significant difference when the perioral areas were used for matching. The use of perioral scans with markers enables accurate dentofacial image integration; however; cautions should be given on the accuracy of the perioral image obtained without the use of markers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Emi Nishimura ◽  
Masateru Nishiyama ◽  
Kei Nukazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.

scholarly journals PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Yunhui Zhu ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P >0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P >0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P >0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P< 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P< 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P< 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P< 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P< 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

scholarly journals On-Site Pilot Testing of Hospital Wastewater Ozonation to Reduce Pharmaceutical Residues and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Sofia Svebrant ◽  
Robert Spörndly ◽  
Richard H. Lindberg ◽  
Therese Olsen Sköldstam ◽  
Jim Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Sewage

Hospital sewage constitutes an important point source for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the high antibiotic use. Antibiotic resistance can develop and cause problems in sewage systems within hospitals and municipal wastewater treatment plants, thus, interventions to treat hospital sewage on-site are important. Ozonation has proven effective in treating relatively clean wastewater, but the effect on untreated wastewater is unclear. Therefore, we piloted implementation of ozonation to treat wastewater in a tertiary hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. We measured active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae using selective culturing pre- and post-ozonation. Comparing low (1 m3/h) and high (2 m3/h) flow, we obtained a ‘dose-dependent’ effect of API reduction (significant reduction of 12/29 APIs using low and 2/29 APIs using high flow, and a mean reduction of antibiotics of 41% using low vs. 6% using high flow, 25% vs. 6% for all APIs). There was no significant difference in the amount of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteiaceae pre- and post-ozonation. Our results demonstrate that ozonation of untreated wastewater can reduce API content. However, due to the moderate API decrease and numerous practical challenges in the on-site setting, this specific ozonation system is not suitable to implement at full scale in our hospital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document