scholarly journals Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czelen ◽  
M. Rzymowski ◽  
K. Nyka ◽  
L. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Printing Process

On the Analysis of a Compromised Additive Manufacturing System Using Spatio-Temporal Decomposition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash ◽  
Tobias Mahan ◽  
Glen Williams ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Jessica Menold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Phase Variations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract 3D printing systems have expanded the access to low cost, rapid methods for attaining physical prototypes or products. However, a cyber attack, system error, or operator error on a 3D printing system may result in catastrophic situations, ranging from complete product failure, to small types of defects which weaken the structural integrity of the product, making it unreliable for its intended use. Such defects can be introduced early-on via solid models or through G-codes for printer movements at a later stage. Previous works have studied the use of image classifiers to predict defects in real-time as a print is in progress and also by studying the printed entity once the print is complete. However, a major restriction in the functionality of these methods is the availability of a dataset capturing diverse attacks on printed entities or the printing process. This paper introduces a visual inspection technique that analyzes the amplitude and phase variations of the print head platform arising through induced system manipulations. The method uses an image sequence of a 3D printing process captured via an off the shelf camera to perform an offline multi-scale, multi-orientation decomposition to amplify imperceptible system movements attributable to a change in system parameters. The authors hypothesize that a change in the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase response as a result of a change in the end effector translational instructions, to be correlated with an AM system compromise. A case study is presented that tests the hypothesis and provides statistical validity in support of the method. The method has the potential to enhance the robustness of cyber-physical systems such as 3D printers that rely on secure, high quality hardware and software to perform optimally.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Particulate Matter Emissions from 3D Printing Activity in the Home Setting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Shirin Khaki ◽  
Emer Duffy ◽  
Alan F. Smeaton ◽  
Aoife Morrin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Filament Type

Consumer-level 3D printers are becoming increasingly prevalent in home settings. However, research shows that printing with these desktop 3D printers can impact indoor air quality (IAQ). This study examined particulate matter (PM) emissions generated by 3D printers in an indoor domestic setting. Print filament type, brand, and color were investigated and shown to all have significant impacts on the PM emission profiles over time. For example, emission rates were observed to vary by up to 150-fold, depending on the brand of a specific filament being used. Various printer settings (e.g., fan speed, infill density, extruder temperature) were also investigated. This study identifies that high levels of PM are triggered by the filament heating process and that accessible, user-controlled print settings can be used to modulate the PM emission from the 3D printing process. Considering these findings, a low-cost home IAQ sensor was evaluated as a potential means to enable a home user to monitor PM emissions from their 3D printing activities. This sensing approach was demonstrated to detect the timepoint where the onset of PM emission from a 3D print occurs. Therefore, these low-cost sensors could serve to inform the user when PM levels in the home become elevated significantly on account of this activity and furthermore, can indicate the time at which PM levels return to baseline after the printing process and/or after adding ventilation. By deploying such sensors at home, domestic users of 3D printers can assess the impact of filament type, color, and brand that they utilize on PM emissions, as well as be informed of how their selected print settings can impact their PM exposure levels.

scholarly journals Evaluating Temperature Influence on Low-Cost Piezoelectric Transducer Response for 3D Printing Process Monitoring

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Thiago Glissoi Lopes ◽  
Renata Maia Rocha ◽  
Paulo Roberto Aguiar ◽  
Felipe Aparecido Alexandre ◽  
Thiago Valle França
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The 3D printing process deals with the production of three-dimensional objects with defined geometries. However, this manufacturing process has a crucial point established at the beginning of the object manufacturing, where anomalies can occur and compromise the entire object produced. The piezoelectric diaphragm has been studied as an alternative to the conventional acoustic emission (AE) sensor concerning the monitoring of structures and processes. It has in its assembling a ceramic element with piezoelectric properties, which makes its response sensitive to temperature variations. The Pencil Lead Break (PLB) method is widely used due to its efficiency in the characterization of AE sensors. The present work aims to study the influence of temperature on the piezoelectric diaphragm response for the monitoring of the 3D printing process. PLB tests were performed on the glass surface of a 3D printer at three different temperatures, and the raw signal was collected at 5 MHz sample rate. The signal was investigated in the time and frequency domain. The results demonstrate that the frequency response of the sensor is directly influenced by the temperature variations. In addition, the signal amplitude variations occur differently along the entire spectrum, and frequency bands with small and large amplitude variations can be selected for a comparison study. Furthermore, two frequency bands were carefully selected, and the mean error was obtained regarding the reference temperatures of 25 and 45 °C. It can be inferred that the piezoelectric transducer has low sensitivity to temperature variation if a proper frequency band is selected, where an acceptable error of 16.9% was obtained.

Development of Wood-Based Composites Material for 3D Printing Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahab Saidin ◽  
Abdullah Wagiman ◽  
Mustaffa Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Powder Content

This paper presents the development of wood-based composites material for 3D Printing process. The aim is to characterize the waste material from wood powder (WD) as an alternative material and low cost production for rapid prototyping product. The powder blends containing wood powder (90-120µm) with commercial ZP102 material from Z Corporation was used as the composite material. The materials were mechanically blended to produce composition of WD/ZP102(vol.%) 25:70, 50:50 and 75:25 respectively. The material was successfully processed on 3D printers machine, to produce three-dimensional components and followed by post-treatment with ZMax solution to enhance the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the components were evaluated and the results were compared with the standard ZP102 material. The result shows that the mechanical properties improved with the increased of wood powder content up to 50 (vol.%). However, dimensional accuracy and surface quality were decreased as the wood content increased. Further work on powder preparation is continued for surface quality improvement.

Influence of Constructive and Technological Parameters at Generated Spiral Parts with DLP 3D Printing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-811
Author(s):  
Mircea Dorin Vasilescu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Printing Processes

This work are made for determine the possibility of generating the specific parts of a threaded assembly. If aspects of CAD generating specific elements was analysed over time in several works, the technological aspects of making components by printing processes 3D through optical polymerization process is less studied. Generating the threaded appeared as a necessity for the reconditioning technology or made components of the processing machines. To determine the technological aspects of 3D printing are arranged to achieve specific factors of the technological process, but also from the specific elements of a trapezoidal thread or spiral for translate granular material in supply process are determined experimentally. In the first part analyses the constructive generation process of a spiral element. In the second part are identified the specific aspects that can generation influence on the process of realization by 3D DLP printing of the two studied elements. The third part is affected to printing and determining the dimensions of the analysed components. We will determine the specific value that can influence the process of making them in rapport with printing process. The last part is affected by the conclusions. It can be noticed that both the orientation and the precision of generating solid models have a great influence on the made parts.

scholarly journals Microstructured Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Inkjet 3D Printing Using Photocurable Resins with Tailored Refractive Index

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Nunzio Cennamo ◽  
Lorena Saitta ◽  
Claudio Tosto ◽  
Francesco Arcadio ◽  
Luigi Zeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Spr Sensor ◽  
Resonance Sensor ◽  
3D Printed

In this work, a novel approach to realize a plasmonic sensor is presented. The proposed optical sensor device is designed, manufactured, and experimentally tested. Two photo-curable resins are used to 3D print a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Both numerical and experimental analyses are presented in the paper. The numerical and experimental results confirm that the 3D printed SPR sensor presents performances, in term of figure of merit (FOM), very similar to other SPR sensors made using plastic optical fibers (POFs). For the 3D printed sensor, the measured FOM is 13.6 versus 13.4 for the SPR-POF configuration. The cost analysis shows that the 3D printed SPR sensor can be manufactured at low cost (∼15 €) that is competitive with traditional sensors. The approach presented here allows to realize an innovative SPR sensor showing low-cost, 3D-printing manufacturing free design and the feasibility to be integrated with other optical devices on the same plastic planar support, thus opening undisclosed future for the optical sensor systems.

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