Physical-Chemical Properties of Jet Fuel Blends with Components Derived from Rape Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Iakovlieva ◽  
◽  
Oksana Vovk ◽  
Sergii Boichenko ◽  
Kazimierz Lejda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Rape Oil ◽  
Alternative Jet Fuel

The work is devoted to the development of alternative jet fuel blended with rapeseed oil-derived biocomponents and study of their physical-chemical properties. The modification of conventional jet fuel by rapeseed oil esters was chosen for this work among the variety of technologies for alternative jet fuels development. The main characteristics of conventional jet fuel and three kinds of biocomponents were determined and compared to the standards requirements to jet fuel of Jet A-1 grade. The most important or identifying physical-chemical properties of jet fuels were determined for the scope of this study. Among them are: density, viscosity, fractional composition, freezing point and net heat of combustion. The influence of rapeseed oil-derived biocomponents on the mentioned above characteristics of blended jet fuels was studied and explained.

Properties Calculator and Optimization for Drop-in Alternative Jet Fuel Blends

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Flora ◽  
Shane T. Kosir ◽  
Lily Behnke ◽  
Robert D. Stachler ◽  
Joshua S. Heyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Alternative Jet Fuel

scholarly journals Performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operating with rapeseed oil and jp-8 fuel blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Gvidonas Labeckas ◽  
Irena Kanapkienė
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Fuel Blends

The article presents experimental test results of a DI single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine FL 511 operating with the normal (class 2) diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and its 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) blends with aviation-turbine fuel JP-8 (NATO code F-34). The purpose of the research was to analyse the effects of using various rapeseed oil and jet fuel RO90, RO80 and RO70 blends on brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and smoke of the exhaust. The test results of engine operation with various rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends compared with the respective parameters obtained when operating with neat rapeseed oil and those a straight diesel develops at full (100%) engine load and maximum brake torque speed of 2000 rpm. The research results showed that jet fuel added to rapeseed oil allows to decrease the value of kinematic viscosity making such blends suitable for the diesel engines. Using of rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends proved themselves as an effective measure to maintain fuel-efficient performance of a DI diesel engine. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased by about 6.1% (313.4 g/kW·h) and brake thermal efficiency increase by nearly 1.0% (0.296) compared with the respective values a fully (100%) loaded engine fuelled with pure RO at the same test conditions. The maximum NOx emission was up to 13.7% higher, but the CO emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust 50.0% and 3.4% lower, respectively, for the engine powered with biofuel blend RO70 compared with those values produced by the combustion of neat rapeseed oil at full (100%) engine load and speed of 2000 rpm.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation to Use the Biodiesel Resulting from Recycled Sunflower Oil, and Sunflower Oil with Palm Oil as Fuels for Aviation Turbo-Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5189
Author(s):  
Grigore Cican ◽  
Marius Deaconu ◽  
Radu Mirea ◽  
Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra ◽  
Mihaiella Cretu
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
Turbo Engine

The paper is presenting the experimental analysis of the use of biodiesel from waste sunflower oil and a blend of sunflower oil with palm oil as fuel for aviation turbo-engines. A comparative analysis for fuel mixtures made of Jet A + 5% Aeroshell 500 Oil (Ke) with 10%, 30%, and 50% for each bio-fuel type has been performed and Ke has been used as reference. Firstly, the following physical and chemical properties were determined: density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, calorific power. Then, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were conducted for Ke, biodiesel obtained from recycled sunflower oil (SF), biodiesel obtained from blending recycled sunflower oil, and recycled palm oil (SFP), and for each fuel blend. Secondly, experimental tests of the blends have been conducted on the Jet Cat P80® micro-turbo engine (Gunt Hamburg, Barsbüttel, Germany). The tests have been conducted at different engine working regimes as follows: idle, cruise, intermediate, and maximum. For each regime, a one-minute testing period was chosen, and the engine parameters have been monitored. The turbo engine instrumentation recorded the temperature after the compressor and before the turbine, the fuel consumption and air flow, pressure inside the combustion chamber, and generated thrust. The burning efficiency and the specific consumption have been calculated for all four above-mentioned regimes and for all fuel blends. Two accelerometers have been installed on the engine’s support to register radial and axial vibrations allowing the assessment of engine stability.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ANTIWEAR PROPERTIES FOR BLENDS OF JET FUEL WITH BIO-COMPONENTS DERIVED FROM RAPESEED OIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
Sergii Boichenko ◽  
Kazimierz Lejda ◽  
Anna Iakovlieva ◽  
Hubert Kuszewski ◽  
Oksana Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Boundary Film ◽  
Limiting Load ◽  
Antiwear Properties

Antiwear properties of jet fuel, two kinds of biocomponents derived from rapeseed oil and their mixtures were investigated experimentally. Antiwear properties were estimated by the value of the scuffing load and the limiting load of scuffing applied to the friction pair working in a fuel medium. Biocomponents, mainly rapeseed oil FAME and rapeseed oil FAME modified via vacuum distillation were used during the study. It is found that lubricity of biocomponents is significantly higher comparing to conventional jet fuel. It is explained by the chemical composition of FAME: highly polarity of molecules stipulate their good adsorption at the surface of friction pair. High viscosity of biocomponents due to chemical structure positively influence on their lubricity. Adding biocomponents into jet fuel results in strengthening boundary film and thus improves antiwear properties of fuel blends. It is determined that FAME modified via vacuum distillation possess better lubricating ability comparing to standard FAME derived from rapeseed oil. Correlation between viscosity and lubricity of fuel is shown

scholarly journals A Combined Photobiological-Photochemical Route to C10 Cycloalkane Jet Fuels from Carbon Dioxide via Isoprene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Rana ◽  
Leandro Cid Gomes ◽  
João Rodrigues ◽  
Hugo Arrou-Vignod ◽  
Johan Sjölander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Photochemical Route ◽  
Made In

The hemiterpene isoprene is a volatile C<sub>5</sub> hydrocarbon, with industrial applications. It is generated today from fossil resources, but can also be made in biological processes. We have utilized engineered photosynthetic cyanobacteria for direct, light-driven production of bio-isoprene from carbon dioxide, and show that isoprene in a subsequent photochemical step, using simulated or natural solar light, can be dimerized into limonene, paradiprene, and isomeric C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub> hydrocarbons (monoterpenes) in very high yields (above 90% after 44 hours) under sensitized conditions. The optimal sensitizer in our experiments is di(naphth-1-yl)methanone which we can use with a loading of merely 0.1 mol%, and it is easily recycled for subsequent photodimerization cycles. The isoprene dimers generated are a mixture of [2+2], [4+2] and [4+4] cycloadducts, and after hydrogenation this mixture is nearly ideal as a jet fuel drop-in. Importantly, the photodimerization can be carried out at ambient conditions. The high content of hydrogenated [2+2] dimers in our isoprene dimer mix lowers the flash point below the threshold (38 °C), yet, these dimers can be converted thermally into [4+2] and [4+4] dimers. When hydrogenated these monoterpenoids fully satisfy the criteria for drop-in jet fuels with regard to energy density, flashpoint, kinematic viscosity, density, and freezing point.

Year 3 of the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program: Practical and Scientific Impacts of Alternative Jet Fuel Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Heyne ◽  
Erin Peiffer ◽  
Meredith B. Colket ◽  
Aniel Jardines ◽  
Cecilia Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Alternative Jet Fuel

Spray Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuel at Elevated Ambient Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaran Kannaiyan ◽  
Reza Sadr
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Ambient Gas ◽  
Alternative Jet Fuel

Abstract In recent years, Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) jet fuel is considered as an alternative jet fuel because of its cleaner combustion characteristics. The chemical and physical properties of GTL fuels are different from those of the conventional jet fuels. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of ambient conditions and fuel volatilization characteristics on the macroscopic spray features. To this end, the macroscopic spray performance is visualized using the shadowgraph imaging technique at elevated ambient conditions. The near nozzle spray parameters like spray cone angle, sheet breakup length, and the sheet velocity, are determined from the shadowgraph images using an in-house program. The effect of ambient conditions on the near nozzle spray characteristics for conventional fuels has been reported in the literature. However, these effects have not been reported in detail for the alternative, GTL jet fuels. The results show that the ambient gas pressure has a significant effect on the spray performance when compared to that of the ambient gas temperature. At atmospheric conditions, the spray performance of GTL fuel is comparable to those of Jet A-1 fuel. However, with the increase in ambient conditions, the difference in spray performance of GTL and Jet A-1 is significant.

Evaluation of Combustion Performance of a Coal-Derived Synthetic Jet Fuel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Yuzhen Lin ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Quanhong Xu ◽  
Chih-Jen Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Chinese Standard

For application to aircraft turbines, the present work experimentally examines the physical and combustion-related properties of an F-T synthetic jet fuel relative to the Chinese standard jet fuel, RP-3. This fuel, derived from coal feedstock, is characterized in terms of its physical properties such as density, flash point, freezing point, surface tension, viscosity, and heating value in accordance with Chinese National Standard Testing Methods. Subsequently, several important characteristics relevant to its use in aircraft turbine engines are investigated using a single cup model combustor rig, including atomization, ignition, blowout, and exhaust emissions experiments are carried out. Preliminary results suggest that the use of coal-derived synthetic jet fuel will not result in adverse effects on the performance of an aircraft turbine combustor relative to conventional aviation kerosene. These initial results support the conclusion that full-scale engine testing is warranted to further investigate the performance of F-T synthetic jet fuels in practical systems, and to determine its ability to act as a “drop-in” replacement for traditional aviation fuel.

scholarly journals A Combined Photobiological-Photochemical Route to C10 Cycloalkane Jet Fuels from Carbon Dioxide via Isoprene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Rana ◽  
Leandro Cid Gomes ◽  
João Rodrigues ◽  
Hugo Arrou-Vignod ◽  
Johan Sjölander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Photochemical Route ◽  
Made In

The hemiterpene isoprene is a volatile C<sub>5</sub> hydrocarbon, with industrial applications. It is generated today from fossil resources, but can also be made in biological processes. We have utilized engineered photosynthetic cyanobacteria for direct, light-driven production of bio-isoprene from carbon dioxide, and show that isoprene in a subsequent photochemical step, using simulated or natural solar light, can be dimerized into limonene, paradiprene, and isomeric C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub> hydrocarbons (monoterpenes) in very high yields (above 90% after 44 hours) under sensitized conditions. The optimal sensitizer in our experiments is di(naphth-1-yl)methanone which we can use with a loading of merely 0.1 mol%, and it is easily recycled for subsequent photodimerization cycles. The isoprene dimers generated are a mixture of [2+2], [4+2] and [4+4] cycloadducts, and after hydrogenation this mixture is nearly ideal as a jet fuel drop-in. Importantly, the photodimerization can be carried out at ambient conditions. The high content of hydrogenated [2+2] dimers in our isoprene dimer mix lowers the flash point below the threshold (38 °C), yet, these dimers can be converted thermally into [4+2] and [4+4] dimers. When hydrogenated these monoterpenoids fully satisfy the criteria for drop-in jet fuels with regard to energy density, flashpoint, kinematic viscosity, density, and freezing point.

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