Atomization of oxygen nanodispersions in isotonic saline for applications in aerosol therapy

Abstract Purpose Nasal irrigation is an effective method for alleviating several nasal symptoms and regular seawater-based nasal irrigation is useful for maintaining nasal hygiene which is essential for appropriate functioning of the nose and for preventing airborne particles including some pollutants, pathogens, and allergens from moving further in the respiratory system. However, safety studies on seawater-based nasal irrigation are scarce. In this study, the safety and efficacy of a diluted isotonic seawater solution (Stérimar Nasal Hygiene, SNH) in maintaining nasal homeostasis were evaluated in vitro. Methods Safety was assessed by measuring tissue integrity via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Efficacy was measured by mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucin secretion, and tissue re-epithelization (wound repair) assays. All assays were performed using a 3D reconstituted human nasal epithelium model. Results In SNH-treated tissues, TEER values were statistically significantly lower than the untreated tissues; however, the values were above the tissue integrity limit. SNH treatment significantly increased MCC (88 vs. 36 µm/s, p < 0.001) and mucin secretion (1717 vs. 1280 µg/ml, p < 0.001) as compared to untreated cultures. Faster wound closure profile was noted upon pre-SNH treatment as compared to classical isotonic saline solution pre-treatment (90.5 vs. 50.7% wound closure 22 h after wound generation). Conclusion SNH did not compromise the integrity of the nasal epithelium in vitro. Furthermore, SNH was effective for removal of foreign particles through MCC increase and for enhancing wound repair on nasal mucosa.

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Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis during bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a report of two cases

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211024480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 030006052110244

Author(s):

Ann Hee You ◽

Ji Yoo Lee ◽

Jeong-Hyun Choi ◽

Mi Kyeong Kim

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Acidosis ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Hemodynamic Instability ◽

Acid Base ◽

Electrolyte Disturbance ◽

Irrigation Fluid ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis

Compared with monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which requires electrolyte-free irrigation fluid, normal saline can be used as the irrigation solution in bipolar and laser TURP. The risk of TURP syndrome and severe electrolyte disturbance is minimized when normal saline is used as the irrigation fluid. However, the use of isotonic saline also causes acid-base imbalance and electrolyte disturbance. We experienced two patients who developed hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis during bipolar TURP. After proper intervention, hemodynamic instability resolved, and laboratory test results normalized. Anesthesiologists must pay attention to acid-base and electrolyte status when rapid absorption of excessive isotonic solution is suspected, even during bipolar and laser TURP, which use normal saline as the irrigation fluid.

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Effect of adjunctive sodium hyaluronate versus surfactant nasal irrigation on mucociliary clearance in allergic rhinitis: a single-blind, randomised, controlled study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121000967 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

E Ocak ◽

S Mulazimoglu ◽

D Kocaoz ◽

E Mirici ◽

E Dagli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Clearance Time ◽

Nasal Irrigation ◽

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of nasal irrigation with sodium hyaluronate and surfactant solutions on mucociliary clearance time in patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis. Methods A total of 120 patients diagnosed with mild persistent allergic rhinitis were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were allocated randomly to the surfactant, sodium hyaluronate or isotonic saline (as a control) nasal irrigation group. The mucociliary clearance times and improvements in mucociliary clearance times were compared. Results Improvements in mean mucociliary clearance time were significantly greater in the surfactant and sodium hyaluronate groups than in the control group (p < 0.01). The mean post-treatment mucociliary clearance time of the surfactant group was significantly lower than that of the control (p < 0.001) and sodium hyaluronate groups (p = 0.03). Conclusion Surfactant and sodium hyaluronate nasal irrigation solutions may both be used as adjunctive treatments for allergic rhinitis. Surfactant nasal irrigation resulted in better mucociliary clearance times.

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The Effect of Intraoperative Magnesium Sulphate Infusion on Emergence Agitation after Ambulatory Ophthalmic Surgery in Children

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9124126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 4126

Author(s):

Yea-Ji Lee ◽

Bo-Young Kim ◽

Jae-Hee Park ◽

Sae-Yeon Kim ◽

Hee-Yeon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Continuous Infusion ◽

Magnesium Sulphate ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Control Group ◽

Loading Dose ◽

Emergence Agitation ◽

Ophthalmic Surgery ◽

Paediatric Patients

This study investigated whether intraoperative infusion of magnesium sulphate reduces the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) in paediatric patients who undergo ambulatory ophthalmic surgery using the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. Ninety-two paediatric patients who were scheduled for elective ophthalmic surgery were randomly allocated to two groups: control or magnesium. In the magnesium group, patients received an initial intravenous loading dose of 30 mg/kg of 10% solution of magnesium sulphate over 10 min and then a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg×h during the surgery. In the control group, an equal volume of 0.9% isotonic saline was administered in the same way as in the magnesium group. The PAED scale was assessed at 15-min intervals until the PAED score reached below 10 at the postanaesthetic care unit. EA was defined as a PAED score of 10 or higher. Of the 86 patients recruited, 44 and 42 were allocated to the control and magnesium groups, respectively. The incidence of EA was 77.3% in the control group and 57.1% in the magnesium group (odds ratio, 0.392; 95% confidence interval, 0.154 to 0.997; p = 0.046). The intraoperative infusion of magnesium sulphate significantly reduced the incidence of EA.

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Cold Steeping Infusion, a Novel Lectin Extraction Technique for the Isolation, Purification and Partial Characterization of Lectins from the Green Venezuelan Marine Alga Caulerpa serrulata

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801301233 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801301

Author(s):

Pablo Djabayan-Djibeyan ◽

Brian Carpenter ◽

Gerardo Medina-Ramírez ◽

Felix Andueza-Leal ◽

Andrés León-Leal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Marine Alga ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Extraction Technique

A lectin from the green Venezuelan marine alga Caulerpa serrulata was extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using cold steeping infusion (CSI) and by grinding with liquid nitrogen (GLN). The proteins were precipitated using solid ammonium sulfate. Both the crude extracts and ammonium sulfate precipitated proteins were tested for hemagglutinins using native and papain-treated human red blood cell suspensions in isotonic saline solution. Purification of lectins was achieved using affinity chromatography-sugar-epoxy-sepharose 6B and molecular weight was assessed by size exclusion chromatography using Bio-gel® P-100 and SDS-PAGE with 2-mercaptoethanol. IEF-urea 8M was also evaluated. Using CSI it was shown that the marine alga released hemagglutinating compounds into the solutions; the same hemagglutinating compounds were also obtained by GLN. Ammonium sulfate precipitated proteins exhibited agglutinating activity against native and papain-treated human red blood cells. Temperature and EDTA were shown to affect dramatically the lectin activity towards red blood cells. A lectin was purified efficiently and the molecular weight calculated as approximately 78,000 Daltons. The CSI technique demonstrated that the alga could be returned to an active metabolic state by immersion in a simple buffer after having been kept dormant by freezing at −20°C for long periods. It was also shown that the alga was releasing bioactive compounds into the solutions and, therefore, this procedure is being suggested as a good, gentle, non-disruptive extraction technique and we postulate CSI as a possible bioreactor for the continuous production of bioactive compounds from green marine algae.

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