The Domestication of State-Mosque Relations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Foreign Government ◽  
Islamist Terrorism ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Foreign Ministry

This chapter addresses the failures of the “outsourcing” phase described briefly in Chapter 2, and other events and issues that prompted European interior ministries to wrest control of state–mosque relations from their foreign-ministry counterparts and undertake efforts to bring Islam to the table. First, there is a discussion of socioeconomic indicators of integration, followed by the growing problem of foreign government control over Muslims' religious life, an increasingly felt inadequacy of prayer space and imams, and finally, the rise of Political-Islam activism and Islamist terrorism. Then, the chapter delves into the first of two phases of these efforts that culminated in the establishment of Islamic Councils in the ten European states with sizable Muslim populations.

scholarly journals Terror in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Abeer Aloush
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Arab Spring

Gilles Kepel is a French political scientist and Arabist with a global reputationfor understanding Islam as an ideological, political, and social force.Among his books are Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet andPharaoh (1985), Allah in the West: Islamic Movements in America and Europe(1996), Jihad: The Trial of Political Islam (2003), The Roots of RadicalIslam (2005), Al Qaeda in Its Own Words (2006; co-edited with Jean-PereerMilelli), The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West (2006), and BeyondTerror and Martyrdom: The Future of the Middle East (2010).  In Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in the West, his latest and bestsellingbook for 2016, he makes the case that this phenomenon has passedthrough two phases and recently entered a third one. The first phase began inthe 1990s with Mohamed Kelkal and was related to the Algerian civil war.Terrorism was used as a tool to force France to end its support for the coupthat had negated the Islamists’ electoral victory. The second phase began in2012 with the Toulouse and Montauban shootings that were linked to al-Qaeda. Globalization now enabled a network of jihadists linked to Afghanistanto serve the Muslim cause. The (posited) third phase, which would developafter the Arab Spring was launched, would see French jihadists sent to fight ...

Inhibitors and Enablers of Public E-Services in Lebanon

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Harfouche ◽  
Alice Robbin
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Government Control ◽  
User Intentions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Willingness To Use

This paper examines user intentions to accept or reject public e-services in Lebanon based on the model of acceptance of technology in households (MATH) and on the two-factors theory. Data were gathered in 2009 in two phases via interviews with open-ended questions in the first stage and through a survey questionnaire in the second phase. Results of the qualitative and the quantitative studies show that only a small percentage of Lebanese intended to accept government e-services. For intenders, perceived usefulness, perceived government support, computer self efficacy, and perceived government influences are key drivers of the e-services acceptance intention. For non-intenders, barriers such as fear of government control, lack of trust in security and privacy of personal information, lack of support, and lack of knowledge were most significant. In both studies, fear of government control was the most important determinant. Willingness to use public e-services will take place if the Lebanese government develops trust relationships with citizens, provides assurances that their financial details are secure, provides guarantees to protect the privacy of citizens, and does not employ e-services to increase political control over its citizens.

Public Diplomacy at Home in the UK: Engaging Diasporas and Preventing Terrorism

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Curtis ◽  
Caroline Jaine
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Islamist Terrorism ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
At Home

Summary Not every foreign ministry communicates with its home audience. For some it is unconstitutional; for many it serves no purpose. But for multicultural and particularly former colonial powers, communicating with the home audience has the potential to be a vital tool for engagement, especially as the boundaries between domestic and international are blurred by international travel, migration and global connectivity. This article examines ‘public diplomacy at home’ in the United Kingdom, both as a general policy of the last Labour government and more specifically in the context of initiatives to tackle Islamist terrorism. In terms of the latter, it explores the strengths and limitations of both faith-based approaches to outreach to Muslim communities and a country-based approach to outreach, using Pakistan as a case study.

scholarly journals Dinamika Perkembangan Islam Politik di Nusantara: Dari Masa Tradisional Hingga Indonesia Modern

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yudi Armansyah
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The Political ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Phases

Historically, Indonesia was once a political force that counts the world. It was marked by the birth of political forces during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom until the Islamic sultanate. Ironically, the final phase of the power of political Islam, began to decline since the arrival of colonialism, especially the Dutch colonization that fundamentally colonized in 350 years. But it does not necessarily discourage Islam Politics grow and flourish in the archipelago. Even since Indonesia became independent until it changed into the period of the three Order Lama regimes, the Order Baru and Islamic political reforms remain the barometer of Indonesia's political power. This article is about to unravel the dynamics of the development of political Islam in Indonesia. Where can be classified into two phases, namely the traditional-royal phase, the modern phase. From the results of this study, there are at least two patterns of development of the political power of Islam in Indonesia, which can survive despite real “pressure” from the ruling that is on the political and cultural fields

scholarly journals MAJORITY MUSLIMS AND FATWA SESAT OF MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (MUI): CASE STUDY OF MAJELIS TAKLIM HDH (HIDUP DI BALIK HIDUP)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apipudin Apipudin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
New Order ◽  
Extension Of State

Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) is the institution who plays important role in contributing scholar’s (ulama) outlook of problems which occur in Indonesia. Since it is established in 1975, MUI exist as the the extension of state to control religious life in society. The establishment of MUI cannot be separated from political dynamic of New Order under the leadership of President Suharto in controlling political Islam. After the decline of Suharto in 1998, MUI cannot fully be independent yet in mediating religious conflict in Indonesia. This paper explains the role of MUI in mediating religious conflict of Majelis Taklim HDH (Hidup di balik Hidup) in Kabupaten Cirebon. Author argues that MUI has issued fatwa sesat of Majelis Taklim Hidup di balik Hidup. In issuing the fatwa sesat, MUI tended to be influenced by society pressure from Nahdliyin people (NU) because they are the majority in Kabupaten Cirebon.

Precipitation of NiHfsi phase in NiAl single crystals containing Hf

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
A. Garg ◽  
R. D. Noebe ◽  
R. Darolia
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Bridgman Technique ◽  
Shell Mold ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Unknown Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Nial Matrix

Small additions of Hf to NiAl produce a significant increase in the high-temperature strength of single crystals. Hf has a very limited solubility in NiAl and in the presence of Si, results in a high density of G-phase (Ni16Hf6Si7) cuboidal precipitates and some G-platelets in a NiAl matrix. These precipitates have a F.C.C structure and nucleate on {100}NiAl planes with almost perfect coherency and a cube-on-cube orientation-relationship (O.R.). However, G-phase is metastable and after prolonged aging at high temperature dissolves at the expense of a more stable Heusler (β'-Ni2AlHf) phase. In addition to these two phases, a third phase was shown to be present in a NiAl-0.3at. % Hf alloy, but was not previously identified (Fig. 4 of ref. 2 ). In this work, we report the morphology, crystal-structure, O.R., and stability of this unknown phase, which were determined using conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Single crystals of NiAl containing 0.5at. % Hf were grown by a Bridgman technique. Chemical analysis indicated that these crystals also contained Si, which was not an intentional alloying addition but was picked up from the shell mold during directional solidification.

Imaging of Al-Li-Cu alloys with a Scanning Ion Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K.K. Soni ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.M. Chabala ◽  
R. Levi-Setti ◽  
D.E. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The University ◽  
Secondary Ion

In contrast to the inability of x-ray microanalysis to detect Li, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) generates a very strong Li+ signal. The latter’s potential was recently exploited by Williams et al. in the study of binary Al-Li alloys. The present study of Al-Li-Cu was done using the high resolution scanning ion microprobe (SIM) at the University of Chicago (UC). The UC SIM employs a 40 keV, ∼70 nm diameter Ga+ probe extracted from a liquid Ga source, which is scanned over areas smaller than 160×160 μm2 using a 512×512 raster. During this experiment, the sample was held at 2 × 10-8 torr.In the Al-Li-Cu system, two phases of major importance are T1 and T2, with nominal compositions of Al2LiCu and Al6Li3Cu respectively. In commercial alloys, T1 develops a plate-like structure with a thickness <∼2 nm and is therefore inaccessible to conventional microanalytical techniques. T2 is the equilibrium phase with apparent icosahedral symmetry and its presence is undesirable in industrial alloys.

Defect structures of Nb1+αS2 sulfidation scales

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Chuxin Zhou ◽  
L. W. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Stacking Faults ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Sulfur Layer ◽  
Two Phases

One of the major purposes in the present work is to study the high temperature sulfidation properties of Nb in severe sulfidizing environments. Kinetically, the sulfidation rate of Nb is satisfactorily slow, but the microstructures and non-stoichiometry of Nb1+αS2 challenge conventional oxidation/sulfidation theory and defect models of non-stoichiometric compounds. This challenge reflects our limited knowledge of the dependence of kinetics and atomic migration processes in solid state materials on their defect structures.Figure 1 shows a high resolution image of a platelet from the middle portion of the Nb1+αS2 scale. A thin lamellar heterogeneity (about 5nm) is observed. From X-ray diffraction results, we have shown that Nb1+αS2 scale is principally rhombohedral structure, but 2H-NbS2 can result locally due to stacking faults, because the only difference between these 2H and 3R phases is variation in the stacking sequence along the c axis. Following an ABC notation, we use capital letters A, B and C to represent the sulfur layer, and lower case letters a, b and c to refer to Nb layers. For example, the stacking sequence of 2H phase is AbACbCA, which is a ∼12Å period along the c axis; the stacking sequence of 3R phase is AbABcBCaCA to form an ∼18Å period along the c axis. Intergrowth of these two phases can take place at stacking faults or by a shear in the basal plane normal to the c axis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document