Cossacks and Bannermen on the Argun Frontier

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Sören Urbansky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Third ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Border Surveillance ◽  
Three Phases

This chapter reviews the affairs of frontier people from the first direct but sporadic encounters between Russians and Chinese. Relations between the Russian and Chinese empires on their shared steppe frontier can be divided into three phases. The first phase lasted through the late seventeenth century. During this time, Cossacks entered Transbaikalia and came in contact with Mongol nobles while the Qing established rule over Hulunbeir. The second phase, from roughly 1728 to 1851, was characterized by a balance of power between Beijing and Saint Petersburg, the establishment of permanent yet deficient border surveillance by both polities, and intensifying contacts on the border, in particular routed through Kiakhta, the year-round location for border trade. The third and final phase lasted from 1851 to the end of the nineteenth century. This period was marked by a shift of power in favor of Russia.

Listening for the “Still Small Voice” of Mendelssohn’s Domestic Elijah

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-77
Author(s):  
Peter Mercer-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Will To Live ◽  
Three Phases

The notion that there might be autobiographical, or personally confessional, registers at work in Mendelssohn’s 1846 Elijah has long been established, with three interpretive approaches prevailing: the first, famously advanced by Prince Albert, compares Mendelssohn’s own artistic achievements with Elijah’s prophetic ones; the second, in Eric Werner’s dramatic formulation, discerns in the aria “It is enough” a confession of Mendelssohn’s own “weakening will to live”; the third portrays Elijah as a testimonial on Mendelssohn’s relationship to the Judaism of his birth and/or to the Christianity of his youth and adulthood. This article explores a fourth, essentially untested, interpretive approach: the possibility that Mendelssohn crafts from Elijah’s story a heartfelt affirmation of domesticity, an expression of his growing fascination with retiring to a quiet existence in the bosom of his family. The argument unfolds in three phases. In the first, the focus is on that climactic passage in Elijah’s Second Part in which God is revealed to the prophet in the “still small voice.” The turn from divine absence to divine presence is articulated through two clear and powerful recollections of music that Elijah had sung in the oratorio’s First Part, a move that has the potential to reconfigure our evaluation of his role in the public and private spheres in those earlier passages. The second phase turns to Elijah’s own brief sojourn into the domestic realm, the widow’s scene, paying particular attention to the motivations that may have underlain the substantial revisions to the scene that took place between the Birmingham premiere and the London premiere the following year. The final phase explores the possibility that the widow and her son, the “surrogate family” in the oratorio, do not disappear after the widow’s scene, but linger on as “para-characters” with crucial roles in the unfolding drama.

The Irish Priest in North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 311-352
Author(s):  
Owen Dudley Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frederick Jackson Turner ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Significance

To assert at the outset of this study, as I do, that the task before me is both impossible and essential, may be justly proclaimed a proceeding both cowardly and obvious. We are principally concerned with the nineteenth century, but the twentieth century prolonged many of the features of Irish Roman Catholic clerical identity of the nineteenth, in North America as elsewhere. Vitally important patterns and castes (social and mental) were established in the eighteenth century, and the first Irish-American Roman Catholic priestof major significance in the United States, John Carroll (1735-1815), first Roman Catholic bishop in the U.SA and first archbishop of Baltimore, owed his American birth initially to migration of his father’s kinsmen in the late seventeenth century. Anglophone North America from 178 3 consisted of two political obediences, with similarities and contrasts both subtle and, at least superficially, forceful. The huge and consistently expanding area of white settlement in North America in which the Irish Catholic clergy participated, created other great divergences: when American historians at the end of the nineteenth century under the influence of figures as divergent as Frederick Jackson Turner of the ‘frontier thesis’, Ulrich Bonnell Phillips of slavery apologetics, and Alfred Thayer Mahan of sea-power celebration, looked to environmentalism as the chief explanation of the American past, they may have oversimplified—indeed, they did oversimplify—but their sheer preoccupation with the question gives its own warnings against a filio-pietism which chooses to see an Irish ethnic character resolutely asserting itself to the third, fourth, and even later generations.

scholarly journals Fostering implementation of knowledge into health practice: study protocol for the validation and redevelopment of the Knowledge Uptake and Utilization Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Shankar ◽  
Kelly Skinner ◽  
Melody E. Morton Ninomiya ◽  
Jasmin Bhawra
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Background Measurement of what knowledge is taken-up and how that information is used to inform practice and policies can provide an understanding about the effectiveness of knowledge uptake and utilization processes. In 2007, the Knowledge Uptake and Utilization Tool (KUUT) was developed to evaluate the implementation of knowledge into practice. The KUUT has been used by numerous large health organizations despite limited validity evidence and a narrow understanding about how the tool is used in practice and interpreted by users. As such, the overall purpose of this protocol is to redevelop the KUUT and gather validity evidence to examine and support its use in various health-related organizations. This protocol paper outlines a validation and redevelopment procedure for the KUUT using the unitary view of validity. Methods The protocol outlined in this article proceeds through four phases, starting with redeveloping the tool, then evaluating validity evidence based on: test content, response processes and internal structure. The initial phase gathers information to redevelop the tool, and evaluates item content and response format. The second phase evaluates response process validity evidence by examining how a variety of users interact with the tool. In the third phase, the tool will be pilot tested with knowledge users and, in the final phase, psychometric properties of the tool will be examined and a final scoring structure will be determined. A knowledge translation plan described herein outlines where the final tool will be housed and how the information about the tool will be disseminated. Discussion This protocol outlines a procedure to gather different sources of validity evidence for the KUUT. By addressing limitations in the original KUUT, such as complexities with scoring, a redeveloped KUUT supporting validity evidence will enhance the ability of health-related organizations to effectively use this tool for its intended purpose.

scholarly journals Jesuits in the Highlands: Three Phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
Three Phases

The Jesuit mission to Scotland began with minimal numbers in the sixteenth century but built up with the support of Catholic nobles. Leading members of the Society had serious hopes of converting James vi to his mother’s religion although the king merely used them and their lay patrons as a counter to Presbyterian pressure. Apart from the show-piece victory at Glenlivet there was no Jesuit presence in the Highlands. John Ogilvie was not, as has been suggested, a Highlander. During most of the seventeenth century, gentry families in the Grampian mountains were served on a small scale from neighbouring Lowland bases. No knowledge of Gaelic was required. The final phase represented a change of approach, as Jesuits worked among some of Scotland’s poorest people in forbidding terrain and extreme weather. Setting themselves to learn the Gaelic language they achieved notable success in Braemar and Strathglass.

Teaching about Psychological Perspectives on Abortion

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
Edith Greene
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Group Presentations ◽  
Introductory Phase ◽  
Three Phases

This article describes an undergraduate course on abortion, one of the most contentious social issues of our time. The course focuses on the psychological aspects of abortion for adolescents and women who choose legal abortions, the consequences of denied abortions on unwanted children, and psychological ramifications of alternatives to abortion. Three phases of the course are described. In the introductory phase, I lectured on how scientific evidence about abortion is derived and should be scrutinized. In the second phase, students read and discussed historical and legal writings on abortion. In the third phase, students wrote analytical papers and gave group presentations. Evaluations of the course are included.

scholarly journals Embedded Devices Security Based on ICMetric Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khattab M. Ali Alheeti ◽  
Duaa Al_Dosary ◽  
Salah Sleibi Al-Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Security System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Trace File ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intelligent Wheelchair ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phases

An intelligent wheelchair application is required which is equipped with the MEMSs which are magnetometer, gyroscope, and accelerometer sensors. The generated process of ICMetrics number is heavily based on magnetometer, gyroscope, and accelerometer sensors. In addition, this number can be utilised to provide the identification of device. Our proposed system passed through three phases. The first phase is bias reading that was extracted from MEMSs (gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometers) sensors; whereas, in the second phase, ICMetric number is generated by using the sensor bias readings that was extracted in the first phase. Therefore, this number is non-stored and can be utilised to provide identification of device. In the third phase, the security system is tested/evaluated to measure its effectivity. In other words, it is tested with dataset that was extracted from the trace file of ns-2. In this phase, performance metrics are calculated, which are rate of error, confused metrics, and accuracy.

Developing a multilingual dictionary of touristic-cultural terms (with Croatian as the source language)

Babel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Lončar ◽  
Anita Pavić Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Tourism Professionals ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract This paper deals with the challenge of developing a multilingual dictionary of touristic-cultural terms with Croatian as the source language, based on the principles of lexicography which include the rigorous metalexicographic methodology and the practical needs of users (tourism professionals, managers, teachers, and students of philological careers, as well as those related to tourism and hospitality). The project, broadly speaking, is divided into three phases. The current, first phase of research includes the elaboration of a corpus comprising a series of terms, simple units, or expressions from different areas with special attention to the realia of the source language, which do not exist in the target languages (German, English, Spanish and others). The second phase will involve the lemmatization of entries, their classification, the elaboration of appendices, and the modeling of parameters and definers that will be used in the lexicographical definition. The third phase covers the elaboration of the microstructure. At this stage, special emphasis will be placed on the type of lexicographic definitions (and their combinations) that will be used in the dictionary. It is expected that the dictionary would have photographic materials under copyright.

A genealogy of hacking

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Core Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Frame

Hacking is now a widely discussed and known phenomenon, but remains difficult to define and empirically identify because it has come to refer to many different, sometimes incompatible, material practices. This article proposes genealogy as a framework for understanding hacking by briefly revisiting Foucault’s concept of genealogy and interpreting its perspectival stance through the feminist materialist concept of the situated observer. Using genealogy as a theoretical frame, a history of hacking will be proposed in four phases. The first phase is the ‘prehistory’ of hacking in which four core practices were developed. The second phase is the ‘golden age of cracking’ in which hacking becomes a self-conscious identity and community and is for many identified with breaking into computers, even while non-cracking practices such as free software mature. The third phase sees hacking divide into a number of new practices even while old practices continue, including the rise of serious cybercrime, hacktivism, the division of Open Source and Free Software and hacking as an ethic of business and work. The final phase sees broad consciousness of state-sponsored hacking, the re-rise of hardware hacking in maker labs and hack spaces and the diffusion of hacking into a broad ‘clever’ practice. In conclusion, it will be argued that hacking consists across all the practices surveyed of an interrogation of the rationality of information technocultures enacted by each hacker practice situating itself within a particular technoculture and then using that technoculture to change itself, both in changing potential actions that can be taken and changing the nature of the technoculture itself.

scholarly journals A Report on Phase 2 of the Fifth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (VIRI)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Marian Scott ◽  
Gordon T Cook ◽  
Philip Naysmith
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Consensus Values ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Good Agreement

The Fifth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (VIRI) continues the tradition of the TIRI (third) and FIRI (fourth) (Scott 2003) intercomparisons and operates in addition to any within-laboratory quality assurance measures as an independent check on laboratory procedures. VIRI is a phased intercomparison; results for the first phase, which employed grain samples, were reported in Scott et al. (2007). The second phase, involving bone samples, is reported here. The third and final phase, which includes samples of peat, wood, and shell, has also been completed and a companion paper appears in these proceedings.Five bone samples were made available and included Sample E: mammoth bone (>5 half-lives); Sample F: horse bone (from Siberia, excavated in 2001; and Samples H and I: whale bones (approximately 2 half-lives). Sample G (human bone) was accessible only to accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories because of the limited amount of sample available. More than 40 laboratories participated in Phase 2 and consensus values for the ages were as follows: Sample E = 39,305 14C yr BP (standard deviation [1 σ = 121 yr); Sample F = 2513 yr BP (1 σ = 5 yr); Sample G = 969 yr BP (1 σ = 5 yr); Sample H = 9528 yr BP (1 σ = 7 yr); and Sample I = 8331 yr BP (1 σ = 6 yr). Sample G had previously been dated by 4 laboratories and a weighted mean of 934 ± 12 yr BP had been quoted. Sample I had previously been dated at 8335 ± 25 yr BP and Sample H had been dated at 9565 ± 130 yr BP. Results for Sample H and Sample I are in good agreement with the previous results; Sample G results, however, give a value that is significantly older than the previously reported results.

scholarly journals The first level of St. Bonaventure’s transcendent Aesthetics: Contemplating God as the pure, primary Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Salvador-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
First Principle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Three Phases

St. Bonaventure asserts that man can ascend contemplatively to God through three phases. The first one is to contemplate God outside us by appreciating the corporeal things as vestiges of the deity: this is the “immanent” phase of Bonaventure’s Aesthetics, framed by the first and second stages of contemplation of God. The second phase consists of entering into our soul, as a spiritual image of God: this intermediate phase, in which we can contemplate God inside ourselves by his image in our soul, constitutes the Seraphic’s “introspective” Aesthetics, with the third and fourth stages of contemplation of God. In the third phase, man, transcending the vestiges in objects and the image of the deity in his soul, elevates himself to God, contemplating him as the spiritual and eternal First Principle: that third phase constitutes the Bonaventure’s “transcendent” Aesthetics, in which man can contemplate God considering his essential attributes (fifth stage) and his personal properties (sixth stage). The current article aims to highlight this fifth stage of Bonaventure’s Aesthetics. To achieve this goal, we analyze step by step the reasoning that, to prove his thesis, our author exposes in Chapter 5 of his Itinerarium mentis in Deum.

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