PENAMPILAN KETAHANAN ENAM VARIETAS KACANG TANAH TERHADAP PENGGEREK POLONG (ETIELLA  ZINCKENELLA TRIETSCHKE)  DI DATARAN TINGGI DAN DATARAN RENDAH BENGKULU

Resistance performance of six groundnut varieties to Soybean Pod Borer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke) at high and low elevation in Bengkulu. Soybean pod borer (SPB), Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, often caused serious pod damage and reduced pod yield in several groundnut central in Bengkulu. Field trials were conducted in two locations, Air Dingin (Rejang Lebong, 900 m asl.) and Kuro Tidur (Bengkulu Utara, 200 m asl.) to evaluate resistance performance of groundnut varieties to SPB. Six varieties, Jerapah, Kacil, Bison, Pather, Singa dan Singa, were grown in Air Dingin. Five varieties ( as above but minus Sima) were grown in Kuro Tidur. Susceptible local variety was used as control. Varieties were arranged in plots in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times, in 3 m x 5 m plots and 20 cm x 30 cm planting space. Dolomite was applied at doses of 0.333 ton ha-1 in Air Dingin and 3 ton ha-1 in Kuro Tidur. Plants were fertilized with N (Urea) - P (TSP) - K (KCl) at the nationally recommended doses (70 - 125 - 70 kg ha-1). Damaged pods and larval density were observed three times at 63, 77 and 93 day after sowing (SAW). Undamaged pods was weighted at harvest. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and LSD to separate varietal means. The results revealed that the numbers and percetages of damaged pods incresed with plant age. Four groundnut varieties (Kancil, Panther, Singa and Sima) suffered significantly less pod damage than local variety and the other two (Jerapah and Bison), and therefore they are more resistance than the last three. Regardless of varieties, pod damage was significantly higher in Kuro Tidur than that in Air Dingin. The weight of undamage pods of resistance varieties was significantly higher than that of local, but was not significantly difference from that of Bison and Jerapah, in Air Dingin. In contrast, there was no significant different undamage pod weight between all varieties in Kuro Tidur.

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Effect of Planting Dates on Incidence of Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata Geyer) on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Varieties in Samaru Kataf, Kaduna State

Nigeria Journal of Entomology ◽

10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 81-97

Author(s):

N Musa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Block Design ◽

Maruca Vitrata ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Local Variety ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Legume Pod Borer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Field experiment was carried out during 2018 cropping season to evaluate the effect of planting dates on incidence of legume pod borer Maruca vitrata on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. The treatments consist of five varieties of cowpea (local variety, SAMPEA 6, SAMPEA 7, SAMPEA 8 and SAMPEA 10) which were sown at three different dates, 7th (early), 24th (Mid) August and 7th (early) September, 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The number of M. vitrata larva on flowers, damaged pods and weight of grains were determined. The result showed that first sowing nearly August had less infestation by M. vitrata than those in mid August and differs significantly (P≤0.05) from those sown in September. All varieties sown in early and mid August had less M. vitrata infestation and produced higher grain yield of 533.33kg and 395.06 kg on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 8, respectively compared to those sown in early September: 256.79 and 197.53 on SAMPEA 7 and SAMPEA 10, respectively. Local variety and SAMPEA 6 were the varieties with higher mean number of M. vitrata, higher pod damage and low grain yield. Therefore, SAMPEA 7 can be utilized in breeding program for the management of pod borer.

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Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

10.36265/njss.2019.290208 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 61-67

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Yield Potential ◽

N Fixation ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

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Existence of entomopathogen fungi, Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cacao seedlings

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

Endang Sulistyowati ◽

Febrilia Nur AINI

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Agent ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Fungal Entomopathogens ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fungal Entomopathogen

Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogen fungi which is known as biological control agent of cocoa pod borer and cocoa mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Because of its effectiveness in the fields is still not consistent, so we conduct a research with the objective to know the possibility of Beauveria bassiana to be established as a endophyte. Various fungal entomopathogens have already been reported as endophytes and the various methods used to inoculate the plants with B. bassiana were partially effective. The research has been conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute by inoculating of cocoa seeds and cocoa nursery with B. bassiana suspension. The trial was arranged by randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. The factor were spore concentration of B. bassiana (0; 2; and 4 g/ 10 l) and cocoa varieties (family of ICS 60, TSH858, and hybrid). The trial were use four replications. The results showed that the fungal entomopathogen B. bassiana was established as an endophyte in cocoa seedling, both from cocoa seeds and nursery application. Percentage of existence of B. bassiana colonies as endophytes one month after seeds application were ICS 60 amounted to 93.3 % both on concentration treatments, while the families of TSH 858 by 80 % and 86.67 % respectively in 2 g and 4 g per 10 l of B. bassiana spores concentration treament.. The lowest percentage was in hybrids, which amounted to 66.67% and 50%. B. bassiana colonies was exixtence as an endophyte in culture from root, stem and leaves of cocoa seedling up to 5 months post inoculation. While the application on nursery by soil drenshing, leaf spraying, and stem injection , it was known that B. bassiana colonies were found in the tissues of leaves, stems, and roots until two months after application. Colonies of B. bassiana as endophytes still exsist until six weeks after nursery was planted in the field.

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Evaluation of experimental designs in durum wheat trials

Biometrical Letters ◽

10.1515/bile-2015-0010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 105-114

Author(s):

Anastasios Katsileros ◽

Christos Koukouvinos

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Incomplete Block ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Experimental Plots

Abstract Variability among experimental plots may be a relevant problem in field genotype experiments, especially when a large number of entries are involved. Four field trials on 24 durum wheat genotypes were conducted in 2013/14 in order to evaluate the efficiency of Incomplete Block, Alpha and Augmented designs in comparison with the traditional Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the RCBD can be replaced by an Alpha design, which provides better control of variability among the experimental units when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment exceeds twenty. The ranking of the genotypes across the four designs was not constant.

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Adjusting planting time of Binadhan-17 in boro season

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.25081/jp.2021.v13.6840 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Shampa Rani Ghosh ◽

Sushan Chowhan ◽

Snigdha Roy ◽

Dinesh Chandra Roy ◽

Md. Khan Jahan Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Main Field ◽

Short Life ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Disease Free

Boro rice (grown in winter under irrigated condition) contributes to the major portion of rice production (over 50%) in Bangladesh. Binadhan-17 is a green super rice developed by BINA which requires 30% less nitrogenous fertilizer and water which is grown in aman season (primely produced under rainfed). Due to it’s increasing popularity and adoption rice growers are keen to cultivate it in boro season also. Taking account of the above situation, two field trials were conducted at Magura during November 2019 to May 2020 to investigate the effect of variety, sowing dates and their interaction. Factorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) was applied for experimentation. Two rice varieties: Binadhan-17 (V1), BRRI dhan58 (V2) and three sowing times: 30th November (T1), 10th December (T2), 20th December (T3) were used as treatments. 35 days old seedlings were transplanted in main field. Relevant agronomic and morphological data were statistically analyzed through Statistix 10.0. Combined effect of the above factors at farm exposed that, T1×V1 required longest days (159.33 days) to mature. but, comparatively short life cycle (149.97 days) was observed by T3×V2. Maximum grain was yielded (7.70 t/ha) by T2×V1 and minimum (5.74 t/ha) by T1×V1 treatment combination. Outcomes of on station revealed that, T1×V1 needed more days (158.00 days) to mature; conversely, alike duration was noted with T2×V2 (147.20 days) and T3×V2 (145.43 days) which matured quite earlier. T2×V1 produced the highest grain yield (7.41 t/ha) and T1×V2 the lowest (5.94 t/ha). Our results indicate that, planting of Binadhan-17 on 10th December may give insect-disease free grains with optimum yield in context of Magura region. Farmers will be financially benefited if they cultivate this variety in the boro season in lieu of aman; due to higher yield

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PENGARUH PENYARUNGAN DENGAN BERBAGAI KETEBALAN PLASTIK DAN DIAMETER BUAH TERHADAP SERANGAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO Conopomorha cramerella (Snellen) (LEPIDOPTERA : GRACILLARIDAE)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v7i2.412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153

Author(s):

NI MADE DELLY RESIANI

Keyword(s):

Field Trial ◽

Control Measure ◽

Block Design ◽

Medium Size ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Rot Disease

This research is aimed to find out the preference of cocoa pod borer to diameter, biophysical, and biochemistry cocoa pod; the percentage of infested pods, percentage of seed damaged, and percentage of yield lost. In addition, this research is also aimed to assess the effect of plastic thickness on cacao pod rot disease, the effect of sheathing on the black ant and mealybug populations on pods. This research was conducted at Selemadeg District, Tabanan Regency from October 2009 until January 2010. The field trial was arranged into randomized complete block design (RCBD) by 15 treatments were sheathing with various thickness of plastics (S0-S4) and cocoa pod diameters (B1-B3). The results indicated that, based on the percentage of the infested pod, cocoa pod borer has preferred the fruit with diameter > 4.5-7.5 cm. This condition may be contrasted, the smallest pod size (3,5-4,5 cm) was the healthiest pod, even though it contains more nutritionally compound. The smaller pod rot disease in red and green types. Sheathing by plastic of > 0.02 mm thick in medium size of pods was the most effective to prevent cocoa pod borer infestation. Sheathing with plastic was not affecting the population of both black ants and mealy bugs. Based on these results, it can be suggested that sheathing with plastic of > 0.02 mm thick on medium size of the pod is promising control measure to prevent yield lost caused by cocoa pod borer and cocoa pot rot disease.

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Evaluation of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) Genotypes for Commercial Production in the Central Mid hills Region of Nepal

Nepalese Horticulture ◽

10.3126/nh.v14i1.30604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Suprabha Pandey ◽

Surendra Lal Shrestha ◽

Ishwori Prasad Gautam ◽

Mira Dhakal ◽

Sangita Sapkota

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Block Design ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Green Color ◽

Plant Vigor ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Research Division ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Great Wall

The experiment on evaluation of open pollinated genotypes of Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) was conducted during summer season of 2016 and 2017 at Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar Lalitpur to assess the variability in the genotypes and yield potentiality for commercial production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Six genotypes viz. Great Wall 01, Great Wall 02, Great Wall 03, Great Wall 04 and Great Wall 08 were compared with Khumal Tane. Observations were recorded on fresh pod yield and yield attributing parameters. The plant vigor and plant uniformity score (1-5 scale) was not found significantly different among the tested genotypes. The highest number of pods per plant (46) was observed on the variety Great Wall 03 and the lowest number of pods (33) on Great Wall 01 followed by Khumal Tane (39). The fresh pod yield was noted the highest with Great wall 03 (24 t/ha) followed by Great Wall 2 (19.4 t/ha). The lowest yield was observed with Khumal Tane (12.7 t/ha). Likewise, Great Wall 03 was found tender whitish with green color when it matures and spongy type of fruit with mid early maturity (85-95 days) along with long harvesting period of 30-35 days. Although Great Wall 02 scored 4.7 in plant uniformity (1-5 scale) and 4.4 in plant vigor (1-5 scale) it was characterized as thick fleshy and whitish green color at maturity with smooth straight type flesh having early maturity (70-80 days) which could gain the demand of the market early compared to most popular Khumal Tane. Thus, among all genotypes Great Wall 03 and Great Wall 02 were recorded best for further evaluation and recommendation.

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Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/21/2011-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Repáč ◽

J. Vencurik ◽

M. Balanda

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Alginate Bead ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ecm Fungi

Laboratory-produced alginate-bead inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi Cortinarius sp. and Gomphidius glutinosus, fungal commercial products ECtovit® and Trichomil®, bacterial commercial product BactoFil B®, and commercial rooting stimulator Vetozen® were applied to a peat-perlite (1:2, v:v) rooting substrate of Norway spruce stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old nursery-grown seedlings immediately before the insertion of cuttings into the substrate. The application of beads free of fungi and the substrate without an additive were the other treatments. The cuttings were rooted in vessels (60 cuttings per vessel, 180 per treatment) placed in a glasshouse and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The cuttings were estimated for one growing season (approximately for 26 weeks) after their insertion into the rooting substrate. Rooting % of the cuttings ranged from 45 (mycelium-free beads) to 75 (control) according to treatments, 64 on average. No significant differences among treatments were found in % of ECM morphotypes, total ECM colonization of roots (%), and growth parameters of shoots and roots of the cuttings. The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi. Inoculation by the ECM fungus Cortinarius sp. and application of Trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings. Shoot and root growth parameters were not significantly correlated with total ECM colonization, except for a negative dependence of the root number in Trichomil treatment. A higher concentration of K but lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in Ectovit treatment than in the other treatments were detected.

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Effect of planting density on yield and yield attributes of local aromatic rice varieties

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v43i3.38395 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 489-497

Author(s):

J Halder ◽

GM Rokon ◽

MA Islam ◽

N Salahin ◽

MK Alam

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Grain Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Planting Density ◽

Aromatic Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

1000 Grain Weight

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali from June to December, 2013 to find out the effect of variety and planting density on the yield and yield attributing characters of local aromatic rice. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, which consisted of three local aromatic rice varieties (Chinigura, Shakhorkhora and Kalizira) and four planting densities were viz. S1 (25 cm × 20 cm), S2 (20 cm × 20 cm), S3 (20 cm × 15 cm) and S4 (20 cm × 10 cm). The results revealed that the local aromatic rice var. Shakhorkhora variety produced the highest number of grains per panicle (131) and 1000-grain weight (13.8 g), consequently higher grain (2.63 t ha-1), followed by Kalizira (2.56 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.21 t ha-1). One the other hand, higher number of tillers per hill (14.8), number of grains per panicle (140 nos.) were found in 20 cm × 20 cm spacing with higher grain yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(3): 489-497, September 2018

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Silvicultural performance of forest species introduced in integrated livestock forest system in Lavras, MG, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erick Martins Nieri ◽

Renato Luiz Grisi Macedo ◽

Nelson Venturin ◽

Regis Pereira Venturin ◽

José Alvim Pinto Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The Other ◽

Forest Species ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

African Mahogany ◽

Breast Height ◽

Red Cedar ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four forest species introduced in a setting for integrated livestock forest (ILF) in a pasture in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species included were the Australian red cedar (seminal and clonal), African mahogany, teak, and guanandi. A split plot scheme with a randomized complete block design comprising four replicates and 48 plants per plot, was used in the following arrangement: (3(3x2) +7x2) m. The evaluation times (12, 18, 31, 36, and 43 months after planting) corresponded to the subplots. Performances of all four species were evaluated on the basis of their survival rate, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH). Based on the performance of the species with regard to these parameters, the clonal Australian red cedar showed a greater growth in DBH and height in the ILF setting as compared to the other species, which indicates it to be a suitable species for the region of Lavras, MG as long as its survival control occurs in the implantation phase.

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