scholarly journals The most important quality criteria of some home-grown black-currant varieties IV. Gas-chromatographic analysis of aroma

1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Taina Kuusi ◽  
Alpo Siiriä ◽  
Terttu Kuusi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Stream ◽  
Cool Summer ◽  
One Year

A gas chromatographic study has been made of the volatile aroma components of black-currant. The material consisted of 12 home-grown varieties from 6 localities taken over a period of 2 years, although the series are not complete. Separate investigation was made of the low-boiling and high-boiling parts of the aroma; in the former case, material of two years was studied, and in the latter case, that of one year only. The lower-boiling components were isolated in chilled adsorption tubes from a nitrogen stream led through a berry homogenate at room temperature. Analysis was effected at 80°C with a polyetylene glycol/teflon column (the same mass served as filling for the adsorption tubes). In all, 13 components were registered, although their occurrence, and the amounts in the different samples, were somewhat variable. As regards the different factors, the variety exercised no more than a slight effect on the aroma picture, whereas weather conditions were important, influencing the frequency of the peaks and the general aroma level; a cool summer increased the level. The northernness of the growing locality had a similar effect, although this result its of preliminary nature. The degree of ripeness and the condition had a considerable effect; the level of aromagrams was higher with more ripe samples, and in particular the ethanol content, which forms the bulk of the low-boiling aroma, was increased. A positive correlation was detected between the height of the ethanol peak and the total aroma or aroma number. By contrast, the height of the methanol peak exhibited a slight negative correlation with the degree of esterification of the pectin. The higher-boiling compounds were isolated by vacuum distillation and subsequent extraction with ether. In the gas chromatography, use was made of a butandiol succinate polyester/celite column, and the temperatures were 120 and 150°C. In all, 25 components were observed. Of the various factors, the variety showed a clear-cut influence on the aroma picture, as differences in the occurrence of the peaks and the relative heights were noted between the varieties; in this series, quantitative comparisons between the samples were impossible. The effect of locality and degree of ripeness is less well defined. Organoleptic checking showed that the changes were small in isolation of the lower-boiling components. In contrast, isolation of the higher-boiling compounds induced more changes, so that an aroma fraction obtained in the organic solvent was more terpene-like than the original aroma.

scholarly journals The most important quality criteria of some homegrown black-currant varieties I. Ascorbic acid

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-281
Author(s):  
Taina Kuusi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
North Latitude

A comparative study has been made with a view to clarification of the quality properties of some home-grown black-currant varieties. Twelve varieties were examined; samples were obtained from 6 different localities, of which the southernmost was Piikkiö, and the northernmost Rovaniemi, over a period of three years. The analytical results were compared with the totals of heat, the totals of hours of sunshine, and the precipitaition during the years concerned. Ascorbic acid, one of the most important criteria of quality, was assayed by application of the method of Robinson & Stotz, slightly modified. On the basis of the results obtained, mutual comparison of the varieties studied is possible along with consideration of the possible effects of weather conditions and the degree of north latitude of the place of growth. It is well known that the ascorbic acid content is dependent upon the variety. Accordingly, the following diminishing sequence was found in the ascorbic acid content of the varieties studied: Boskoop, Roodknop, Westwick Choice, Wellington XXX, Gerby, Wellington X, Åström, Brödtorp, Goliath, Silvergieter, Janslunda and Black of Lepaa. In this series, the amount of ascorbic acid fell from 250 to 127 mg/100g; considerable variations occurred in each variety. As for weather conditions, the summer temperature showed the greatest effect; in general, low temperature increased the amount of ascorbic acid. However, Brödtorp and Black of Lepaa often formed an exception. The number of hours of sunshine produced a similar effect, but to a lesser degree; by contrast, precipitation evinced no clear-cut effect. The degree of north latitude of the locality also seems to exert some effect, probably mainly because a latitude further north means a lowering of the temperature, and consequent retardation of the ripening, which again causes higher ascorbic acid values. Comparison with published reports shows that in principle the present results are in line with those presented earlier. The differences might be attributable to different methods of assay, or variability in the varieties concerned. The northern latitude of the place of growth and the degree of maturity may be of importance.

scholarly journals The most important quality criteria of some home-grown black-currant varieties III. Aroma number, organoleptic evaluation, and degree of ripeness

1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Taina Kuusi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Colour Strength ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Reducing Substances

A study has been made of the quality properties of 12 home-grown varieties of black-currant. Samples were obtained from six localities over a period of three years. The properties studied consisted of the aroma number, the organoleptic evaluation, and the degree of ripeness. As regards aroma number, great variations were noted between the samples. The influence of variety was rather slight. In general, the aroma numbers were higher when the summer was cool and the growing locality more to the north, probably by reason of the losses of volatile reducing substances at higher temperatures. The utility of the aroma number in characterization of quality seems limited in scope. Smell and taste were taken as the main criteria in the organoleptic evaluation. The differences between the varieties were not very great, but in any event a relatively consistent sequence was discovered. Consideration is given to some factors which influence organoleptic properties. The degree of ripeness of the samples, and the effect of this factor on the quality properties, were studied. The degree of ripeness displays a correlation with the corresponding effective temperature totals. Here, the effect of the ripeness factor on the results was only slight, as unripe berries were removed from the samples before analysis. However, some effect may have remained, to some degree influencing the colour strength, but the organoleptic properties to a lesser degree.

scholarly journals The use of disturbed and undisturbed forest by masked titi monkeys Callicebus personatus melanochir is proportional to food availability

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Heiduck
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Titi Monkey ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
One Year

The masked titi Callicebus personatus melanochir is a threatened primate, endemic to the Atlantic rainforest of eastern Brazil. The Atlantic rainforest has been reduced to only 5% of its former extent, and only 2% consists of undisturbed forest. The survival of the masked titi monkey is therefore dependent on its ability to utilise disturbed forest habitat. A group of four masked titi monkeys was observed for one year in a plot that contained both disturbed and undisturbed forest. The group used a home range of 22 ha, which comprised 58% undisturbed forest, 31% selectively logged forest and 11% forest that was regrowing after a clear-cut. The titi monkeys did not use the different forest types in proportion to the availability of each within their home range: undisturbed forest was used more than expected from its proportional availability, and disturbed forest was used less than expected. Use of forest types appeared to be determined by the availability of food resources. Undisturbed forest had the most food per unit area and regrowing forest had the least. This study shows that masked titi monkeys may be able to survive in disturbed forest habitats if these areas are of high enough quality to contain sufficient food and other resources.

scholarly journals Influence of unstable weather conditions on the passage time of phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Elena Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Phenological Phases

Abstract. Purpose. The research is aimed at studying the influence of weather conditions on the timing of the phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals. Methods. The study is based on methods of phenological observations in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and practical significance. It was found that black currant adapts well to unstable weather conditions in recent years in the Middle Urals, during the research period, budding was observed in the period from April 12 to May 4; the dates of the beginning of flowering were marked from May 10 to May 28; maturation dates are marked from July 16 to August 10. The shift in the dates of onset of the main phases of vegetation from the average long-term can reach 14 days. Industrial plantings should consist of varieties of different flowering and maturation periods, to avoid the spring frosts of the main part of the plantation, as well as to form a conveyor for the arrival of fresh berries. The experiment identified five early-flowering cultivars in the Middle Urals: Zabava, Fortuna, 1-3-010-13, 3-2-010-13, 6-44-00-03; four late-flowering: Gerkules, Slavyanka, 5-1-010-13, 8-2-010-13; the remaining 28 cultivars are of the average flowering period. Five varieties of early maturation are identified: Zabava, 2-1-010-13, 2-4-010-13, 3-1-010-13, 5-1-010-15; four late maturation: Zaglyaden’e, Kipiana, Chudnoe mgnovenie, Slavyanka; the remaining 28 varieties are of average maturation. Not all early-flowering cultivars are early-maturing, and not all late-flowering cultivars are late-maturing. The scientific novelty consists in the study of phenological rhythms of black currant varieties of various genetic origin in unstable weather conditions of recent years in the Middle Urals.

scholarly journals CREATING MULTI-TEMPORAL MAPS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FOR IMPROVED LOCALIZATION OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
J. Schachtschneider ◽  
C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
One Year

Abstract. The development of automated and autonomous vehicles requires highly accurate long-term maps of the environment. Urban areas contain a large number of dynamic objects which change over time. Since a permanent observation of the environment is impossible and there will always be a first time visit of an unknown or changed area, a map of an urban environment needs to model such dynamics.In this work, we use LiDAR point clouds from a large long term measurement campaign to investigate temporal changes. The data set was recorded along a 20 km route in Hannover, Germany with a Mobile Mapping System over a period of one year in bi-weekly measurements. The data set covers a variety of different urban objects and areas, weather conditions and seasons. Based on this data set, we show how scene and seasonal effects influence the measurement likelihood, and that multi-temporal maps lead to the best positioning results.

scholarly journals Mapping users' expectations regarding extended-range forecasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Ervasti ◽  
Hilppa Gregow ◽  
Andrea Vajda ◽  
Terhi K. Laurila ◽  
Antti Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Design Process ◽  
General Public ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
One Year ◽  
Weather Risks ◽  
Range Forecasts

Abstract. An online survey was used to map the needs and preferences of the Finnish general public concerning extended-range forecasts and their presentation. First analyses of the survey were used to guide the co-design process of novel extended-range forecasts to be developed and tested during the project. In addition, the survey was used to engage the respondents from the general public to participate in a one year piloting phase that started in June 2017. The respondents considered that the tailored extended-range forecasts would be beneficial in planning activities, preparing for the weather risks and scheduling the everyday life. The respondents also perceived the information about the impacts of weather conditions more important than advice on how to prepare for the impacts.

scholarly journals Correlations between weather parameters, atmospheric hydrogen sulphide level and vitamin B12 administration to H2S exposed workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Livia-Cristina Borcan ◽  
Florin Borcan ◽  
Elena-Ana Păuncu ◽  
Mirela Cleopatra Tomescu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Professional Exposure ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
One Year

Abstract Hydrogen sulphide, a highly toxic gas, can be used in crenotherapy to balance all metabolic processes (minerals, fats and proteins). The main aims of this study were to correlate the weather characteristics with the atmospheric H2S level and to evaluate the antidote activity of B12 Vitamin in the case of prolonged exposure to this compound. 46 volunteers, people from the medical staff of an important Romanian thermal water spring spa, with professional exposure at H2S, were enrolled in this study; numerical data about their blood pressure, atmospheric H2S concentration and about the weather conditions were collected every month for one year. The results indicate an improvement in the blood pressure of volunteers treated with Vitamin B12; no significant correlation between the concentration of total urinary sulphur and the concentration of atmospheric H2S level was found.

scholarly journals Development Framework for the Evaluation of Usability in E-Government: A Case Study of E-Finance Government of Malang

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivin Ayu Lestari
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

E-government is an effort to utilize information and communication technology especially internet to improve public service quality which generally implemented in a web based application. Usability is one of the important quality criteria for the success of a web. In this study we developed a framework for evaluation of usability in e-government consisting of  eight stages: (1) determining the evaluation objectives, (2) determining the usability aspects, (3) determining the metrics usability, (4) selecting usability evaluation method candidates, (5) determining the required criteria of the method to be evaluated, (6) evaluating the method, (7) selecting and making the instrument, and (8) evaluate usability.. The results of the application of this framework in the case study of e-finance resulted in two methods used: user testing and questionnaires. The evaluation of usability in e-government for e-finance case studies using the proposed framework results in usability level of e-finance in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction are 96%, 92%, and 70 respectively. Which can be identified to be grouped into 16 problems consisting of aspects of effectiveness and efficiency.

scholarly journals Forecasting and Modelling of Solar Radiation for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Sansa ◽  
Najiba Mrabet Bellaaj
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arma Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
One Year

Solar radiation is characterized by its fluctuation because it depends to different factors such as the day hour, the speed wind, the cloud cover and some other weather conditions. Certainly, this fluctuation can affect the PV power production and then its integration on the electrical micro grid. An accurate forecasting of solar radiation is so important to avoid these problems. In this chapter, the solar radiation is treated as time series and it is predicted using the Auto Regressive and Moving Average (ARMA) model. Based on the solar radiation forecasting results, the photovoltaic (PV) power is then forecasted. The choice of ARMA model has been carried out in order to exploit its own strength. This model is characterized by its flexibility and its ability to extract the useful statistical properties, for time series predictions, it is among the most used models. In this work, ARMA model is used to forecast the solar radiation one year in advance considering the weekly radiation averages. Simulation results have proven the effectiveness of ARMA model to forecast the small solar radiation fluctuations.

Features and Limitations of Ontologies for Coronavirus Data Management in Libraries

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-40
Author(s):  
Enrique Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Or Applications

The purpose of this chapter is to follow the evolution of what has occurred over time in the ontologies published in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Correctness and completeness of ontologies on the schema and instance level are important quality criteria in their selection for an application. To help both the librarians and the users, there is a need of a framework for the comparison of different semantic data sources in the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, online services and/or applications based on ontologies or SKOS-based COVID-19 thesauri are still rare. As an emerging technology in libraries, an all-integrating ontology for coronavirus disease knowledge and data refers to the continuing development of an existing technology. In spite of using ontologies in the Semantic Web, meanings of concepts and relationships are still largely unrealized in terms of obtaining accurate and timely information about COVID-19. But the nature of causal relationships on this disease is made accessible through ontologies as the material in which its main concepts are supported.

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