scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture on the ability of Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to reduce an injurious content of nitrate nitrogen in soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Experimental Soil

The ability of Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) to reduce a high content of mineral nitrogen in soil was studied in a pot experiment in greenhouse. The experimental soil consisted of a silty clay rich in humus and a fine sand. The soils were kept at three moisture levels corresponding approximately to pF values 2, 3 and 4. Two levels of nitrogen were applied, 175 and 350 mg/kg, as ammonium nitrate. The clay and fine sand soils initially contained 370 and 780 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen, respectively. The grass was harvested five times during 205 days. The excess of the nitrate in the clay soil prouducing high nitrate contents in the grass was exhausted after two cuttings when the soil moisture was kept at pF 2, whereas it was not reduced at all at pF 4. At pF 3, the excess nitrate was exhausted after the 3rd and 4th cutting at lower and higher nitrogen application levels, respectively. The nitrate content of the grass grown on the fines and soil was reduced to an acceptable level only at pF 2 and after the lower application of nitrogen, not before the last cutting, however.

scholarly journals Magnesium-supplying power of some Finnish mineral soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Helinä Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Mineral Soils

Uptake of magnesium from a sand, fine sand, muddy clay, silty clay and heavy clay soil under exhaustive cropping with perennial rye grass was studied in green house. An application of 0.5 g Mg as MgSO4 ∙ 7 H2O per the 5-liter pots increased slightly the total yield of rye grass shoots and markedly the amount of Mg harvested in the shoots from the sand and fine sand soils with an initial content of only 14 and 37 ppm exchangeable Mg, respectively. No respond to the application of Mg was detected in the silty clay and heavy clay soils which contained exchangeable Mg 226 and 910 ppm, respectively. The muddy clay soil contained 137 ppm exchangeable Mg, and the application of Mg markedly increased the amount of Mg harvested in the shoots, but brought about a decrease in the yield of shoots. The amount of Mg harvested in the shoots without the application of Mg was only in the sand and fine sand soils higher than the original content of exchangeable Mg. Yet, in all soils except in the muddy clay, the decrease in the content of exchangeable Mg during the cropping was lower than the amount of Mg harvested. This was taken to indicate that some release of nonexchangeable Mg did occur during this trial. According to a rough estimation this mobilization of Mg varied from 0 to 60 ppm, whereas the corresponding release of nonexchangeable K was 500–1000 ppm, except in the sand soil. The »exhaustion Mg», or the sum of Mg harvested in the shoots of rye grass and the exchangeable Mg in the soil after cropping, was in all soils of the same order as the amount of Mg extracted by 0.05 N or 0.1 N HCI from the original soil samples.

Release of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases along Moisture Gradient from Manure and Urea Applied Fargo Silty Clay Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-952
Author(s):  
Suresh Niraula ◽  
Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Amitava Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) [nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4)] emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilization from organic and commercial fertilizers are likely related to soil moisture levels. Effect of soil moisture [(30%, 60%, and 90% water-holding capacity (WHC)] on emissions from urea and manure treated (215 kg ha-1) Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil was studied under laboratory conditions. Soils (250 g) amended with solid beef manure (SM), straw-bedded solid beef manure (BM), urea (UR), and control (CT) were incubated for 28 days at 22±1°C, to determine GHGs (N2O, CO2, and CH4) emission and NH3 volatilization loss. The cumulative emission of N2O-N, CO2-C, and CH4-C ranged from 27 to 4402 µg N2O-N kg-1, 272 to 2030 mg CO2-C kg-1, and 10.1 to 1389 µg CH4-C kg-1 soil, respectively. The daily fluxes and cumulative emissions of N2O and CO2 generally followed the decreasing order of 30% < 90% < 60% of WHC. At 60% WHC, 1.01% of the total applied N was lost as N2O from urea treated soil. Carbon dioxide emission from manure treated soil (SM and BM) was up to two times the emission from UR treated soils. The Fargo clay soils showed higher CH4 emission at 90% WHC level. The cumulative NH3 volatilization loss from soil ranged from 29.4 to 1250.5 µg NH3-N kg-1, with the highest loss from UR amended soils at 30% WHC. These results suggest that gaseous emissions from manure and urea application under laboratory study are influenced by moisture levels of Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil. Keywords: Beef manure, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Urea, Water holding capacity.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Pecan Orchards in Semiarid Southern New Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-709
Author(s):  
Darby S. Kellum ◽  
Manoj K. Shukla ◽  
John Mexal ◽  
Sanjit Deb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Loam Soil

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are fueling global climate change, with methane and nitrous oxide being the primary agricultural gases emitted. It has been shown that N2O emissions correlate to moisture content fluctuations; however, emissions from agricultural fields in the semiarid regions of the Southwest where rewetting events occur regularly are not well established. The scope of this study was to quantify GHG emissions in correlation to soil moisture fluctuations and fertilizer application. The study was conducted continuously in two pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] orchards between Aug. 2010 and Aug. 2011 on a sandy loam soil (La Mancha) and a silty clay loam soil (Leyendecker), both under normal management practices. The small chamber technique was used to measure GHGs. Emissions varied greatly throughout the year. The largest flux of CO2 at La Mancha and Leyendecker both occurred during a drying event immediately following an irrigation event: 84,642.49 μg·m−2·h−1 and 30,338.24 μg·m−2·h−1, respectively. The net CH4 flux at Leyendecker and La Mancha was close to zero with the largest emissions occurring during wetting events. Results showed that N2O emissions were maintained near the baseline except for the few days following an irrigation event. The largest emission peak at La Mancha occurred after irrigation and nitrogen application: 322.06 μg·m−2·h−1. The largest emission peaks of 26.37 and 1.13 μg·m−2·h−1 at Leyendecker and La Mancha, respectively, occurred after irrigation, nitrogen application, and tillage. Nitrogen application was the driving factor affecting N2O emissions at La Mancha, whereas soil moisture content was the driving factor at Leyendecker. Emission factors (EFs) at La Mancha and Leyendecker were 0.49% and 0.05%, respectively. A thorough accounting of GHG emissions is necessary for budgeting and identifying mitigation policy.

scholarly journals USE OF DRILL CUTTINGS ASH AS STABILISING AGENT FOR SELECTED NIGER DELTA SOILS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
F. M. ALAYAKI ◽  
A. AL-TABBAA ◽  
M. J. AYOTAMUNO
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

his study investigated potential of the use of Drill Cuttings Ash (DCA) in the stabilisation of Niger Delta soils for road construction. Most of the in-situ soils encountered in the region are fine-grained and highly plastic that would require special treatment. Four soil samples were obtained and the following tests were carried out: classification, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS). Dry DCA quantities ranging 2 – 8 percentages by weight of the soil was added to the air-dried soils for the stabilisation process. They were classified as A-6 (clayey soil), A-2-6 (clayey sand), A-3 (silty fine sand), and A-4 (silty clay soil). Generically, the unstabilised soils were fine-grained having low to medium plasticity, with low shear strength. Other results showed that 6% DCA content caused improvement in the texture, plasticity, and dry density of the clayey soil, while its CBR and UCS parameters compared favourably well with the unstabilised soil values. Also, there was increase in CBR value of the clayey soil after soaking for 24 hours. DCA increased the plasticity of the clayey sand, silty fine sand, and silty clay soil, and there was no substantial improvement in their strength properties. These results showed that DCA would be useful in improving clayey soilswhich are known to be prone to excessive swelling and difficult to handle during construction especially after heavy rainfall.      

scholarly journals Variation in Soil Properties Regulate Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and Global Warming Potential in Three Land Use Types on Tropical Peat

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwamu Ishikura ◽  
Untung Darung ◽  
Takashi Inoue ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
In The Beginning

This study investigated spatial factors controlling CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes and compared global warming potential (GWP) among undrained forest (UDF), drained forest (DF), and drained burned land (DBL) on tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sampling was performed once within two weeks in the beginning of dry season. CO2 flux was significantly promoted by lowering soil moisture and pH. The result suggests that oxidative peat decomposition was enhanced in drier position, and the decomposition acidify the peat soils. CH4 flux was significantly promoted by a rise in groundwater level, suggesting that methanogenesis was enhanced under anaerobic condition. N2O flux was promoted by increasing soil nitrate content in DF, suggesting that denitrification was promoted by substrate availability. On the other hand, N2O flux was promoted by lower soil C:N ratio and higher soil pH in DBL and UDF. CO2 flux was the highest in DF (241 mg C m−2 h−1) and was the lowest in DBL (94 mg C m−2 h−1), whereas CH4 flux was the highest in DBL (0.91 mg C m−2 h−1) and was the lowest in DF (0.01 mg C m−2 h−1), respectively. N2O flux was not significantly different among land uses. CO2 flux relatively contributed to 91–100% of GWP. In conclusion, it is necessary to decrease CO2 flux to mitigate GWP through a rise in groundwater level and soil moisture in the region.

Quantitative trait loci analysis of nitrate-nitrogen content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Tan ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Nana Yuyama ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Shinichi Sugita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Trait Loci

scholarly journals Conventional and Conservation Seedbed Preparation Systems for Wheat Planting in Silty-Clay Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Roberto Fanigliulo ◽  
Daniele Pochi ◽  
Pieranna Servadio
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Conventional seedbed preparation is based on deep ploughing followed by lighter and finer secondary tillage of the superficial layer, normally performed by machines powered by the tractor’s Power Take-Off (PTO), which prepares the seedbed in a single pass. Conservation methods are based on a wide range of interventions, such as minimum or no-tillage, by means of machines with passive action working tools which require two or more passes The aim of this study was to assess both the power-energy requirements of conventional (power harrows and rotary tillers with different working width) and conservation implements (disks harrow and combined cultivator) and the soil tillage quality parameters, with reference to the capability of preparing an optimal seedbed for wheat planting. Field tests were carried out on flat, silty-clay soil, using instrumented tractors. The test results showed significant differences among the operative performances of the two typologies of machines powered by the tractor’s PTO: the fuel consumption, the power and the energy requirements of the rotary tillers are strongly higher than power harrows. However, the results also showed a decrease of these parameters proceeding from conventional to more conservation tillage implements. The better quality of seedbed was provided by the rotary tillers.

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