Variation in Soil Properties Regulate Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and Global Warming Potential in Three Land Use Types on Tropical Peat

This study investigated spatial factors controlling CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes and compared global warming potential (GWP) among undrained forest (UDF), drained forest (DF), and drained burned land (DBL) on tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sampling was performed once within two weeks in the beginning of dry season. CO2 flux was significantly promoted by lowering soil moisture and pH. The result suggests that oxidative peat decomposition was enhanced in drier position, and the decomposition acidify the peat soils. CH4 flux was significantly promoted by a rise in groundwater level, suggesting that methanogenesis was enhanced under anaerobic condition. N2O flux was promoted by increasing soil nitrate content in DF, suggesting that denitrification was promoted by substrate availability. On the other hand, N2O flux was promoted by lower soil C:N ratio and higher soil pH in DBL and UDF. CO2 flux was the highest in DF (241 mg C m−2 h−1) and was the lowest in DBL (94 mg C m−2 h−1), whereas CH4 flux was the highest in DBL (0.91 mg C m−2 h−1) and was the lowest in DF (0.01 mg C m−2 h−1), respectively. N2O flux was not significantly different among land uses. CO2 flux relatively contributed to 91–100% of GWP. In conclusion, it is necessary to decrease CO2 flux to mitigate GWP through a rise in groundwater level and soil moisture in the region.

Download Full-text

Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi-arid soils

International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s40093-019-00309-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

pp. 367-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mavis Badu Brempong ◽

Urszula Norton ◽

Jay B. Norton

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Early Summer ◽

Late Spring ◽

Late Winter ◽

Normal Soil ◽

Soil Inorganic

Abstract Purpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil. Methods Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer). Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink. Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.

Download Full-text

Does soil moisture overrule temperature dependency of soil respiration in Mediterranean riparian forests?

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-11-7991-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 7991-8022 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C.-T. Chang ◽

S. Sabaté ◽

D. Sperlich ◽

S. Poblador ◽

F. Sabater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Groundwater Level ◽

Tree Species ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Co2 Flux ◽

Control Factor ◽

Primary Control ◽

Heterotrophic Soil Respiration

Abstract. Soil respiration (SR) is a major component of ecosystem's carbon cycle and represents the second largest CO2 flux of the terrestrial biosphere. Soil temperature is considered to be the primary control on SR whereas soil moisture as the secondary control factor. However, soil moisture can become the dominant control on SR in very wet or dry conditions. Determining the trigger that switches-on soil moisture as the primary control factor of SR will provide a deeper understanding on how SR changes under projected future increased droughts. Specific objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the seasonal variations and the relationship between SR and both soil temperature and moisture in a Mediterranean riparian forest along a groundwater level gradient; (2) to determine soil moisture thresholds at which SR is rather controlled by soil moisture than by temperature; (3) to compare SR responses under different tree species present in a Mediterranean riparian forest (Alnus, glutinosa, Populus nigra and Fraxinus excelsior). Results showed that the heterotrophic soil respiration rate, groundwater level and 30 cm integral soil moisture (SM30) decreased significantly from riverside to uphill and showed a pronounced seasonality. SR rates showed significant differences among tree species, with higher SR for P. nigra and lower SR for A. glutinosa. The lower threshold of soil moisture was 20 and 17% for heterotrophic and total SR respectively. Daily mean SR rate was positively correlated with soil temperature when soil moisture exceeded the threshold, with Q10 values ranging from 1.19 to 2.14; nevertheless, SR became decoupled from soil temperature when soil moisture dropped below these thresholds.

Download Full-text

Gas emissions from dairy barnyards

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15598 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 355 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. M. Powell ◽

P. A. Vadas

Keyword(s):

Co2 Flux ◽

N2o Flux ◽

Sand Soil ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Nutrient Runoff ◽

Ch4 Flux ◽

Before And After ◽

Health Need ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Cow Comfort

Dairy cattle spend considerable time in outside barnyards. Nine barnyards were constructed to examine impacts of surface materials (bark, sand, soil) and timing of cattle corralling (before and after 3–14-day corralling periods) on fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and CO2 equivalents (CO2eq). Surface, year, and surface*year interactions accounted for 64%, 6% and 16% of CO2 flux variability. Average CO2 flux from bark (2552 mg/m2.h) was 3.1–3.9 times greater than from sand or soil, especially after bark replenishment. Timing, year, timing*year and surface*year accounted for 40%, 17%, 14%, and 17% of CH4 variability. Average CH4 flux after corralling (10.6 mg/m2.h) was 3.8 times greater than before corralling, and 5.2 times greater the year following bark replenishment. Timing accounted for 67% of NH3 variability. After corralling, NH3 fluxes (1622 µg/m2.h) were 95 times greater than before corralling. Timing, surface, surface*timing and timing*year accounted for 33%, 10%, 24% and 13% of N2O variability. Average N2O flux after corralling (2252 µg/m2.h) was 3.7 times greater than before corralling. Surface and surface*year accounted for 71% and 16% of CO2eq variability. Average CO2eq flux from bark (3188 mg/m2.h) was 2.5–3.0 times greater than sand or soil. Greatest CO2eq flux occurred the year after bark replenishment. Tradeoffs between gas emissions, nutrient runoff and leaching, and cow comfort and health need to be assessed more fully before recommending beneficial practices for barnyard surface type and management.

Download Full-text

Effects of biochar application on crop productivity, soil carbon sequestration, and global warming potential controlled by biochar C:N ratio and soil pH: A global meta-analysis

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2021.105125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 105125

Author(s):

Hu Xu ◽

Andong Cai ◽

Dong Wu ◽

Guopeng Liang ◽

Jing Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Soil Carbon Sequestration

Download Full-text

Does soil moisture overrule temperature dependence of soil respiration in Mediterranean riparian forests?

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-11-6173-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6173-6185 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

C. T. Chang ◽

S. Sabaté ◽

D. Sperlich ◽

S. Poblador ◽

F. Sabater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Groundwater Level ◽

Tree Species ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Co2 Flux ◽

Control Factor ◽

Primary Control ◽

Heterotrophic Soil Respiration

Abstract. Soil respiration (SR) is a major component of ecosystems' carbon cycles and represents the second largest CO2 flux in the terrestrial biosphere. Soil temperature is considered to be the primary abiotic control on SR, whereas soil moisture is the secondary control factor. However, soil moisture can become the dominant control on SR in very wet or dry conditions. Determining the trigger that makes soil moisture as the primary control factor of SR will provide a deeper understanding on how SR changes under the projected future increase in droughts. Specific objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the seasonal variations and the relationship between SR and both soil temperature and moisture in a Mediterranean riparian forest along a groundwater level gradient; (2) to determine soil moisture thresholds at which SR is controlled by soil moisture rather than by temperature; (3) to compare SR responses under different tree species present in a Mediterranean riparian forest (Alnus glutinosa, Populus nigra and Fraxinus excelsior). Results showed that the heterotrophic soil respiration rate, groundwater level and 30 cm integral soil moisture (SM30) decreased significantly from the riverside moving uphill and showed a pronounced seasonality. SR rates showed significant differences between tree species, with higher SR for P. nigra and lower SR for A. glutinosa. The lower threshold of soil moisture was 20 and 17% for heterotrophic and total SR, respectively. Daily mean SR rate was positively correlated with soil temperature when soil moisture exceeded the threshold, with Q10 values ranging from 1.19 to 2.14; nevertheless, SR became decoupled from soil temperature when soil moisture dropped below these thresholds.

Download Full-text

Extreme Methane Bubbling Emissions from a Subtropical Shallow Eutrophic Pond

Austin Biometrics and Biostatistics ◽

10.26420/austinbiomandbiostat.2014.1006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shangbin Xiao ◽

◽

Weiguo Liu ◽

Hong Yang ◽

Defu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Warming ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Anaerobic Degradation ◽

Ch4 Emission ◽

Ch4 Flux ◽

Air Interface ◽

Gas Fluxes ◽

First Time ◽

And Diffusion

For the first time we report on real time diel bubble and diffusion gas fluxes lasting for 48 hours of a subtropical shallow pond. The averaged diffusion fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were 0.074 and 62.70 mg•m-2•h-1, and the averaged ebullition fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were 24.726 and 1.92 mg•m-2•h-1 respectively. Bubble emissions of CH4 and CO2 accounted for 99.7% of the total CH4 emission and only 3.0% of the totalCO2 from the pond respectively. The CH4 flux across the water-air interface of the pond was 595.20 mg•m-2•h-1 and equaledCO2 flux of 14880.0 mg•m-2•d-1 by multiplying its global warming potential. Thus, the small pond added equivalent of 35.712 kg/dCO2 emission by transferring CO2 to CH4 in the summer, in which process CO2 was absorbed owing to alga propagation and CH4 emission was derived from the anaerobic degradation of dead alga buried on its bottom.

Download Full-text

Rice-Rape Rotation Benefits to Improve Radiation and Heat Use Efficiencies and Mitigate Global Warming Potential of Paddy Cropping Systems in Central China

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (06) ◽

pp. 1231-1237

Author(s):

Gong Songling

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Central China ◽

Ch4 Flux ◽

Rice Season ◽

Winter Crops

Replacing bare fallow by rotation with winter cereal crops such as winter wheat and oil rape have been used to improve annual productivity in paddy cropping system in central China. However, the effects of rotation on light and heat resources utilization and greenhouse gases have yet to be measured. A two-year field experiment was conducted to compare solar radiation and heat use efficiencies, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) of two winter rotations: rice-wheat and rice-rape taking rice-fallow as a check. The results of this study showed that rice-wheat had the highest annual grain yield (two-year means were 16.2 t ha-1) and annual above ground biomass (32.9 t ha-1) followed by ricerape and by rice-fallow. No significant effect was observed for winter rotation on the performance of rice grain yield and growth, in spite of a large quantity of straw returning by winter crops. Solar radiation and heat resources utilization and their production efficiency were improved in the winter season by rotation with winter crops. Rice-wheat and rice-rape also increased light and heat resources utilization efficiency from the annual perspective. Compared with rice-fallow, CH4 flux in the rice season among the two studying years was increased by 42.0% by rice-wheat but was decreased by 35.6% by rice-rape. For the annual level, CH4 flux was promoted by 40.9% by rice-wheat and declined by 35.5% by rice-rape. For the rice season the N2O seasonal flux was increased by 54.2 and by 8.3% in rice-wheat and rice-rape plots, respectively. The values for GWP and for yield-scaled GWP were highest in rice-wheat and lowest in rice-rape system. In conclusion, rice-rape system could be a better choice to increase solar radiation and heat resources utilization and mitigate greenhouse gases emission. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Download Full-text

Soil Moisture Deficits in South-Central Sweden

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1989.0009 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 109-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lotta Andersson

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Interannual Variations ◽

Neutron Probe ◽

South Central ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Moisture Fluxes ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Probe Measurements ◽

Different Parts

Some commonly used assumptions about climatically induced soil moisture fluxes within years and between different parts of a region were challenged with the help of a conceptual soil moisture model. The model was optimised against neutron probe measurements from forest and grassland sites. Five 10 yrs and one 105 yrs long climatic records, from the province of Östergötland, situated in south-central Sweden, were used as driving variables. It was concluded that some of the tested assumptions should not be taken for granted. Among these were the beliefs that interannual variations of soil moisture contents can be neglected in the beginning of the hydrological year and that soils usually are filled up to field capacity after the autumn recharge. The calculated climatic induced dryness was estimated to be rather insensitive to the choice of climatic stations within the region. Monthly ranges of soil moisture deficits (1883-1987) were shown to be skewed and it is therefore recommended to use medians and standard deviations in statistical analyses of “normal” ranges of soil moisture deficits.

Download Full-text