scholarly journals Growth factors and management technique in relation to the developmental rhythm yield formation pattern of a seeding year lucerne stand

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-494
Author(s):  
Seppo Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Formation Pattern ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The University ◽  
Yield Formation

The investigation of seeding year Lucerne stand development and yield formation pattern was carried out at the University of Helsinki in Viikki in 1973—74. The management techniques studied were the number of cuttings and the density of stand establishment. The variety used was Danish Isis-Daenfeldt. The maximum DM yield was obtained from a seeding rate of 20 kg/ha. The maximum DM yield produced under the favourable growing conditions in 1973 was 5. 7 tons/ha and under the less favourable conditions in 1974 3.3 tons/ha. No more than two cuts in the year of seeding are recommended. The radiation used by lucerne was 0.3—0.5 %of the total radiation reaching the surface. A 10% decrease in radiation in 1974 resulted in a 50 % decrease in photosynthetic activity mainly due to differences in temperature and overabundant precipitation. The optimum LAI was obtained from seedingrates ≥5 kg/ha. From seeding to emergence a temperature sum of 120 °C is needed and from seeding to flowering a sum of 800°C. From cutting to the next flowering a sum of 600— 700°C is needed. Three cuts provided forage 6.3 % units more digestible than two cuts. Root carbohydrate levels suggest that the last cut should not be made later than mid-August.

scholarly journals Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a pure grass stand

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-330
Author(s):  
Seppo Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Temperature Sum ◽  
Formation Pattern ◽  
Yield Formation

The investigation of meadow fescue as a forage crop was carried out at the University of Helsinki in Viikki in 1975—78. The main objective was to study the rhythm of the growth and yield formation pattern of a stand and the relationship between growth pattern and growth factors during different phases of the growing season. The management techniques studied were the number of cuttings, use of nitrogen, requirements of population density and the relationships of management factors to the changes in the quantity and quality of forage yield. The most important growth factors in the seeding year spring and autumn development were the temperature sum and the total radiation available to the plant and nitrogen fertilization beyond the temperature sum range of ∑ 500° C, respectively. During the production years the most important variables in the spring growth were the growing time, the temperature sum and the total radiation. The midsummer and autumn growth were mostly influenced by the total precipitation, amount of nitrogen for the cut and the precipitation during the week before the prior cut. For spring, summer and autumn growth one unit increase in LAI created a DM yield increase of 715, 500 and 315 ha-1 respectively. Increasing the cutting frequency from two to four decreased the total DM yield 2527 kg ha-1. The protein content and DM cellulase digestibility increased 4.8 and 13.3 % units respectively. Increasing nitrogen from 130 to 260 kg N ha-1 raised DM and protein yields 1 110 and 485 kg ha-1, the protein content and DM cellulase digestibility 4.2 and 1.4% units. The seeding rate requirements for the maximum DM yield were 60 kg ha-1 in the seeding year, 15—30 kg ha-1 in the second year and 15 kg ha-1 in the third year. The management system involving a seed rate of 30 kg ha-1, 3—4 cuts and 260 kg N ha-1 is recommended.

scholarly journals Management techniques of maize crop in the marginal growing area in Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
Seppo Pulli ◽  
Osmo Kara ◽  
P. M. A. Tigerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The University

Silage maize management studies were carried out in 1976—78 on the University farm in Siuntio in southern Finland. Seeding time trials in 1976—77 consisted of three different types of varieties seeded at four different times between May 11 and June 8. In 1978 three seeding dates were tested in relation to the seeding depth of the maize. Population density studies were carried out in 1976—77. As a result of the management studies it can be concluded that the weather conditions were so unfavorable that true differences could not be found because even the best alternative in the management technique did not give a satisfactory agronomic result. Seeding dates from May 15 to May 25 can be recommended. Relatively heavy frosts in early June (—4°C to—6° C) will hurt stands but they do not kill the plant. The advance earned with early planting is thus not totally lost through the frosts Seeding depths of 5 to 7 cm are recommended. Population densities more than 10 plants/m2 are not necessary for the maximum yield. In average or better than average growing conditions the planting densities of 6 to 8 plants/m2 could yield a more mature forage crop.

Photosynthetic activity of spring wheat depending on the conditions of water supply

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Seregina ◽  
◽  
I.G. Makarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Excessive Water

Abstract:In model experiments in soil culture, the effect of different methods of treatment with sodium selenite on the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat variety Zlata was studied under extreme growing conditions. Under drought conditions, the inhibition of the growth of the photosynthetic surface of spring wheat plants was revealed. Under conditions of excessive water supply, a sharp decrease in the area of the assimilating surface of wheat plants was observed. The positive effect of sodium selenite solution on the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat plants was established with insufficient and excessive water supply to wheat plants.

scholarly journals Integration of terrestrial laser scanning and spectral canopy scanner in horticulture applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tamás ◽  
P. Riczu ◽  
A. Nagy ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hail Net ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The University

One of the most difficult challenge in the everyday practice to describe the canopy growing of fruit trees in an orchard. The photosynthetic activity is the basic of the primer production of plants. The measurement of leaf area and determination of the photosynthetic activity could be occurred with some elaborated methods between experimental conditions. In this article we present such an integrated methodology, which is ideal to determine the geometric and spectral characteristic of fruit trees between field conditions.We have carried out laser scanning technology to investigate the geometric-topological characteristics and parallel the active infra-red sensor to collect spectral data about an apple orchard. The surveys were worked out in an intensive apple orchard with drip irrigation system, protected by hail net in Study and Regional Research Farm of the University of Debrecen near Pallag. This study shows the filtering and interpretation methods of created data. The produced high accuracy data can be directly used in the precision horticulture. It could serve as a guiding data to implementation a future “virtual horticulture”. Higher spatial and temporal resolution could help for a better recognition of water balance of orchards.

scholarly journals Daily Variations of Photosynthetic Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato Plants during Winter and Spring

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ayari ◽  
M. Dorais ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Source Limitation

Daily and seasonal variations of photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorescence and foliar carbohydrate content were studied in situ on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Trust') plants grown under CO2 enrichment and supplemental lighting. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of seasonal variation of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) on photosynthetic efficiency of tomato plants and to determine the presence or absence of photosynthetic down-regulation under greenhouse growing conditions prevailing in northern latitudes. During winter, the fifth and the tenth leaves of tomato plants showed low, constant daily photosynthetic activity suggesting a source limitation under low PPF. In winter, the ratio of variable to maximum Chl-a fluorescence in dark adapted state (Fv/Fm) remained constant during the day indicating no photoinhibition occurred. In February, an increase in photosynthetic activity was followed by a decline during March, April, and May accompanied by an increase in sucrose and daily starch concentrations and constant but high hexose level. This accumulation was a long-term response to high PPF and CO2 enrichment which would be caused by a sink limitation. Thus, in spring we observed an in situ downregulation of photosynthesis. The ratio Fv/Fm decreased in spring compared to winter in response to increasing PPF. The daily decline of Fv/Fm was observed particularly as a midday depression followed by a recovery towards the end of the day. This indicated that tomato leaves were subject to a reversible inhibition in spring. Fv/Fm was lower in March than in April and May even though PPF was higher in April and May than in March. These results suggest that tomato plants develop an adaptive and protective strategy as PPF increases in spring.

New Tools for Cyber Security Using Blockchain Technology and Avatar-Based Management Technique

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Leyla Ayvarovna Gamidullaeva ◽  
Yulia Vertakova ◽  
Svetlana Panasenko
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Closed Model ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Development Prospects

The chapter introduces the perspectives on the use of avatar-based management techniques for designing new tools to improve blockchain as technology for cyber security issues. The purpose of this chapter was to develop an avatar-based closed model with strong empirical grounding that provides a uniform platform to address issues in different areas of digital economy and creating new tools to improve blockchain technology using the intelligent visualization techniques. The authors show the essence, dignity, current state, and development prospects of avatar-based management using blockchain technology for improving implementation of economic solutions in the digital economy of Russia.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of selected genotypes of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in critical periods for yield formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pokorný ◽  
J. Pulkrábek ◽  
P. Štranc ◽  
D. Bečka
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Yield Formation

This paper evaluates the influence of genotype on the photosynthetic activity of hops in the period critical for generating yield. Results over three years from measuring the photosynthesis rate statistically show an increase in the photosynthetic activity of hop plants in the flowering stage. The average photosynthetic rates from measurements on the second date (BBA 65) in the years 2007, 2008, and 2009 increased by 17.9%, 45.6%, and 49.2%, respectively. Different photosynthesis curve trends during the final stage of ontogenesis of the plants indicate the maturity level of each hop genotype. As regards the genotypes for which photosynthesis did not reduce significantly, it may be assumed that such plants had not reached technical maturity. The results from the three-year study also show that any promising genotype, with respect to the photosynthesis rate and yield, is the result of breeding of new varieties with greater resistance to drought and high temperatures. Very good results in photosynthetic activity were reached by the new varieties exhibiting high yield and a similar chemical composition to Saaz hop and those sharing the same origins to Saaz, showing a higher content of bitter substances. In 2008 and 2009, all three new forms reached yield levels of 2.35 to 3.12 t/ha of dry hops.

An investigation of barriers to waste management techniques implemented in Indian manufacturing industries using analytical hierarchy process

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Harsimran Singh Sodhi ◽  
Doordarshi Singh ◽  
Bikram Jit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Organization ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the various barriers in the implementation of waste management techniques in manufacturing organizations. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 121 SMEs of the manufacturing sector have been extensively surveyed, to assess the relative impact of barriers in the waste management technique in a manufacturing organization. Further, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to identify the most significant barriers. Findings Major barriers in the implementation of a waste management technique in a manufacturing organization have been identified and their weightage has been calculated through the AHP model. Originality/value This study will assist the floor managers in manufacturing organizations to identify the major barriers and to plan accordingly for the adequate implementation of waste management technique.

scholarly journals Influence of cultivar on the content of selected minerals in red beet roots (Beta vulgaris L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Maria Gawęda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Beetroot is a vegetable that accumulate heavy metals. This is largely dependent on the cultivar, methods and growing conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the composition of elements in the roots of 15 cultivars of red beet. The analysis assessed the content of macroelements (Na, P) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn). Most soils of the Lesser Poland region are exposed to the impact of industrial and transportation pollution. The soils of this region are characterized by strong acidification as well as natural or increased heavy metal content. The experiment was set up at the experimental field of the Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in 2009-2010. On the basis of the performed analysis, ‘Opolski’ was chosen as the cultivar that was characterized by a high content of macroelements and lower ability to accumulate heavy metals than the other tested cultivars. The lowest ability to accumulate heavy metals (Cd and Cr) was found in the cases of cultivars with cylindrical root shapes, such as Rywal or Opolski. One can indicate such cultivars as Astar F1 or Nabab F1 as cultivars recommended for cultivation in ecologically threatened areas.

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