scholarly journals Efficiency and profitability in pork production

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Olli Rantala
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Successful Production

Under prevailing production restrictions the profitability of agricultural production increasingly depends not only on prices of products and inputs, but on how effectively and economically the existing capacity and animal breeds are utilized on farms. The technical efficiency of pork production in Finland is generally high. The average feed conversion rate on farms is only about 16 % lower and daily liveweight gain 20 % less than results from experimental stations. Variation between farms is, however, considerable. The means of technical results between the best and poorest farms differ by 20—30 %. Results also tend to deteriorate and relative deviations increase, especially in large piggeries. The average gross margin percentage was 12 %. Variation in the gross margin per pig was wider between farms than between years. The feed conversion efficiency proved to be the most significant factor contributing to profitability in pork production. Variation in the feed conversion rate accounted for 30 % of total variation in the gross margin. Cost variation was one third larger than the variation of total receipts per pig. The cost of feed varied twice as much as piglet cost. Since the genetic quality of animals in a given region is rather even, variations in productivity depend upon internal factors of piggeries. The large variation in efficiency and profitability over farms emphasizes the human factor i.e. the role of the farmer as the most important factor contributing to successful production.

scholarly journals Antioxidants in Poultry Nutrition and Reproduction: An Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Surai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

For the last three decades poultry production worldwide has made tremendous progress in terms of quantity and quality of meat and egg production, including improvement of growth rate and feed conversion rate [...]

scholarly journals The Effects of Decreasing Dietary Crude Protein on the Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Meat Quality of Finishing Charolais Bulls

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cortese ◽  
Segato ◽  
Andrighetto ◽  
Ughelini ◽  
Chinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on the performance of finishing Charolais bulls in the Italian rearing system. Animals were fed two diets, differing only in the CP level (low protein (LP), 13.5% CP versus control (CON), 15.0% CP). Dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) and animals’ weights were recorded to obtain average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (FCR). Feed and fecal samples were collected to evaluate digestibility of diet components. Daily cost of the ration (DRC), feed cost per kg of daily weight gain (CDG) and daily gross margin (DGM) were calculated to analyze the possible benefits of decreasing the protein level. Meat quality analyses were also conducted. Higher DMI (10.6 versus 10 kg/d; p < 0.05) and ADG (1.47 versus 1.36 kg/d; p < 0.05) were observed for CON. No differences in FCR or digestibility were found. Even if the DRC was lower (p < 0.05) for the LP diet (2.26 versus 1.97 €; CON versus LP), no difference was reported for CDG and DGM. Meat lightness and redness were significantly lower and higher in the LP, respectively. To conclude, the CP requirement in these rearing conditions appeared to be higher than 13.5%.

scholarly journals The role of dietary supplements in the meat productivity of rabbits with a dry type of feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Grigorievna Kvartnikova ◽  
Michail Pavlovich Kvartnikov
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Nanocrystalline Iron ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The role of vitamin-mineral premix and nanocrystalline iron in the meat productivity of young rabbits was studied by classical methods in the scientific and economic experience in the departments of fur farming and Rabbit Breeding of the V. A. Afanasyev Research Institute of Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding. From 180 heads of young rabbits at the age of 45 days, 3 groups of 60 heads each were formed according to the principle of analogues: the 1-st-control group received a typical full-fledged granulated mixed feed (FGMF) with a vitamin-mineral premix P 90-2T, in the (FGMF) of the 2-nd and 3-rd experimental groups, the premix was absent, but nanocrystalline iron was included in the (FGMF) of the 3-rd group. Control slaughter of rabbits to assess meat productivity was carried out at the age of 90 days. During the experiment, it was found that the feed in all groups was identical in gross caloric content, but slightly different in the ratio of nutrients. In the mixed feed of the experimental groups, there were more nutrients with the highest digestibility coefficient (fat and soluble carbohydrates) and almost 2 times less fiber, which is slightly digested in young rabbits, only by 3-10%. Rabbits of all groups had no significant differences in live weight and average daily gain. But during the fattening period, the rabbits of the experimental groups consumed less feed when feeding freely than in the control group. At the same time, there were no significant differences in the mass of the carcass and the slaughter yield between the groups. But the feed conversion rate in the experimental groups was 1.32 and 1.28 lower than in the control group, which is economically advantageous. Based on the results of the experiment, it can be assumed that the inclusion of biologically active additives in the form of vitamin-mineral premix and nanocrystalline iron in the full-fledged granular feed for young rabbits does not make much sense, since it does not contribute to increasing meat productivity. In the cost of mixed feed, the vitamin and mineral premix accounts for 10%. Optimizing the ratio of nutrients in the diet plays a crucial role in reducing the feed conversion rate.

scholarly journals Feed efficiency and its development in animal production

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Lauri Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Feed conversion rates and their development are needed for the determination of the total animal production after the total feed production is known or forecast. The feed conversion rates for the period 1971—75 were estimated from the feed balance sheets which show the feed use for different animal production lines. They form the basis for the forescasts of the coefficients for 1975-85. Feed efficiency in milk production is expected to improve by 3 per cent from 0.837 to 0.811 feed units per litre of milk in ten years by 1985. This is a result of the increase of the average yields and average weight of cows; the proportion of the feed needed for the maintenance of the cow decreases. In beef production the feed efficiency is expected to worsen, from 12.0 to 13,8 feed units per kg due to the increase of average slaughter weights. If the slaughter weights do not rise as much as predicted (from 160 to 190 kg in ten years), the feed conversion rate will not increase as predicted. In pork production the feed efficiency is expected to improve from 5.28 to 4.77 feed units per kg and in broiler production from 4.00 to 3.60 feed units per kg. All values presented above are gross estimates, i.e. they include the waste in handling and feeding. The error of the coefficients may be several per cents but it cannot be specified. The possible error has to be kept in mind when the conversion rate estimates are applied.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang He ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Karhapää ◽  
S. Holm ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
H. Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

scholarly journals Next Generation Architect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Terian Le Compte
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

<p>The stereotype of an architect is expensive, with minimal consideration and awareness towards cost and budget. This is damaging the reputation of the profession. This thesis will look at the Next Generation Architect who combines both design and construction to understand the cost implications from the start to the completion of the project. A Next Generation Architect works with an innovative approach that is more affordable to how they currently practice. They design houses that are both economical and retain a strong design quality, through the value of the aesthetics, materials, and living conditions. An effective architect should be able to design, mindful of costs, along with the implications involved and actively manage the costs, based on design decisions made.  This research will commence by exploring tactics of affordability, housing economics, and costing and design tactics, to portray exemplars of affordable housing. Elements will be costed with data from QV costbuilder implemented through the use of Building information modelling (BIM) through Revit. The architectural value will explore the use of materials, living conditions, economics, and lifecycle to optimise the design. A series of precedents will be analysed to gain an understanding of the techniques of affordable methods used within New Zealand’s construction industry.  This thesis aims to provide architecturally designed and preliminarily costed affordable architectural products. Through a series of architecturally designed standalone houses that explore affordability, and tested through the use of architecture as a product across four sites, displaying different site conditions of the Wellington region.  This thesis will portray efficient, economic building and design techniques and cost monitoring while retaining a strong architectural quality.  The aim is to convey the contemporary role of a Next Generation Architect who works accurately with value. Who is mindful of costs and designs economically, without compromising the quality of an architecturally designed product.</p>

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