scholarly journals The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Herb Yield of Dragonhead

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
B. Galambosi ◽  
Y. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Herb Yield

The influence of a top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer (calcium nitrate, CaNO3) on the individual plant height and weight, herb yield and nitrate content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) was studied in 1987 in Puumala, Finland. The nitrogen doses applied ranged from 0 to 270 kg/ha. Nitrogen fertilization increased both the individual plant height and weight, the fresh and dry herb yield and the nitrate content of the plants. However, no optimum nitrogen dose could be found since the maximum was not reached in most of the cases. An exception was the herb yield (d.w.) of transplanted plants, harvested at the flowering stage, where a nitrogen dose of 70—80 kg/ha gave the highest yield. If the plants were allowed to grow a few weeks more the yield was four fold compared to the earlier harvesting. Sown plants gave a yield two times higher than the transplanted plants, but this was partly due to the greater plant density on the sown plots.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization and plant density and their impact on the growth indicators and plant winning livestock

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Experiment Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Growth Indicators

This experiment was conducted in the season 2001-2000 in station Ishaqi the company's general industrial crops to plant livestock Vigna radala deleted (Khadrawi) carried out the experiment design panels splinter and order in RCBD with three balls two factors are levels nitrogen fertilizer (120 and, 100.0 kg urea / ha)nitrogen ratio of 46%, which put in the main panels mAIN PLOT and Alkiavat three levels that were placed in secondary panels .....

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Plant Density on Growth of Water Efficient Maize Variety under Different Field Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Adebayo ◽  
F.R. Kutu ◽  
E.T. Sebetha
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Background: In most areas where maize is planted, the growth is usually affected by low nitrogen and high plant density. An experiment was carried out during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 planting seasons to investigate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant densities on growth of water efficient maize under different field conditions. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Measured growth parameters were plant height, chlorophyll content, leaf area, number of leaves and stem diameter. Result: Maize planted at Molelwane had tallest plant height (269.63 cm) than Taung. Maize sown at 33,333 plants/ha produced highest number of leaves (15.83) and highest chlorophyll content (59. 63 SPAD - units) was obtained in the plots fertilized with 240 kg N/ha. In this study, the plant density of 55,555 plants/ha and 240 kg N/ha can be recommended for cultivation of WEMA maize variety.

scholarly journals Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Plant Density, Growth, Yield and Fruit of Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bhuvaneswari ◽  
R. Sivaranjani ◽  
S. Reetha ◽  
K. Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

The present research was carried out to evaluate response of Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) to plant density and nitrogen fertilizer under field conditions. Plant density at four levels (20×50 cm, 30×50 cm, 20×100 cm and 30×100 cm) and nitrogen treatments at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg·N·ha-1) were applied. Plant height, lateral stem number, leaf chlorophyll content, yield, and were assessed at immature and mature stages. The results showed that vegetative growth characteristics (plant height, lateral stem number and leaf dry matter) and reproductive factors (fruit volume and fruit weight) decreased with increasing plant density, but total yield (kg·ha-1) increased with increasing plant density. The highest and lowest total yields were obtained by plant density 20×50 cm and 30×100 cm respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer was significantly affected on plant height, lateral stem number and leaf chlorophyll content. It was observed that fertilization with 150 kg·N·ha-1 resulted to the highest fruit volume and plant yield. There were significant differences between fruit volume and fruit weight by interaction between plant density and nitrogen treatments.

Effects of suboptimal plant density and non-uniformity in plant spacing on grain yield of raingrown sunflower

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Wade ◽  
CP Norris ◽  
PA Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Parabolic Relationship ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
The Individual

The effects of suboptimal plant density and non-uniformity in plant spacing on grain yield of raingrown sunflower were examined using regression analysis. This involved quantifying the parabolic relationship between grain weight per plant and area per plant. A term for uniformity was added, based on the proximity of neighbouring plants within the row. Multiple regression accounted for 50% of the total variation amongst the 1071 plants analysed. The 3 constants in the regression were considered to indicate the yield potential of the crop, the proportion of space available per plant not utilised at low density, and the proportion of the most scarce resource denied to the individual plant at high density relative to an equivalent plant at even spacing. This technique permitted quantification of the levels of unevenness, and of the percentage yield reductions attributable to suboptimal plant density and to non-uniformity in plant spacing. Reductions in grain yield per unit area were mainly due to a lack of plants at low densities, and to unevenness at high densities. A technique is proposed for surveying crop establishment, and for estimating the percentage yield reductions attributable to the effects of plant density and uniformity in plant spacing over a range of crops. Further experimentation is warranted, to determine whether the percentage yield reductions found for this crop are generally applicable.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Field-grown Leaf Lettuce for Spring Harvest

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Chohura ◽  
Eugeniusz Kołota
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
Spring Harvest

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Field-grown Leaf Lettuce for Spring HarvestTwo field experiments with leaf lettuce were carried out in 2006-2008. Each of them was set up in a random sub-block design in 3 replications and a two-factorial system. The first factor represented different nitrogen doses that were used to obtain the required N level in the soil prior to planting the seedlings, the levels being: 50, 100 and 150 mg N·dm-3. The second factor incorporated 4 nitrogenous fertilizers which were different in terms of chemical composition, and, more importantly, contained different nitrogen forms for introduction to the soil: ammonium nitrate 34% N-[NH4NO3], calcium nitrate 15.5% N-[Ca(NO3)2xH2O+NH4NO3], ammonium sulphate 20.0% N-[(NH4)2SO4], and ENTEC 26% N-[NH4NO3+(NH4)2SO4+0.8% DMPP]. Two varieties of leaf lettuce were used: Casabella (of the type Lollo Bionda) with green leaves, and Klausia (of the type Lollo Rosa) with red leaves. The best sources of nitrogen for the lettuce plants were the fertilizers ENTEC 26 and ammonium nitrate, which in contrast to calcium nitrate and ammonium sulphate made it possible to obtain significantly higher yields of lettuce. Irrespective of the kind of the nitrogenous fertilizer used, increasing the concentration of nitrogen in the soil from 50 mg N·dm-3to 100 mg N·dm-3resulted in a significant increase in the marketable yield of lettuce. At 150 mg N·dm-3this yield remained at a level similar to that at 100 mg N·dm-3. The lettuce fertilized with ammonium sulphate was marked by the lowest mean nitrate content in the leaves before harvest. The use of gradually higher doses of nitrogen resulted in a reduced dry weight content and lower levels of total and reducing sugars in lettuce leaves. With respect to yield size and quality, the recommended concentration of nitrogen in the soil for leaf lettuce should not exceed 100 mg N·dm-3.

scholarly journals Increased planting speed did not affect silage and grain yield of maize, while saving seed and energy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vučajnk ◽  
Igor Šantavec ◽  
Darja Kocjan Ačko ◽  
Jurij Rakun ◽  
Jože Verbič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Individual

Planting speed did not have significant influence on silage and grain yield of maize. By increasing the planting speed, up to 10% less seed was needed per hectare and fuel and energy use was lower for 15%. However significant increase of silage and grain yield per plant was determined by increasing planting speed. Our research using a maize vacuum planter was designed to determine the effects of higher planting speeds then usually suggested on plant spacing variability, silage yield, grain yield, and fuel, energy consumption. The planting speed was 7, 9, and 11 km/h and was carried out with an air vacuum planter. The results show that by the increase of planting speed the distance between the plants in a row, and in most cases also the plant spacing variability increased. It was noticed that by increasing planting speed plant density decreased. Despite the non-uniform spacing of plants in a row at higher planting speeds, no significant differences appeared in the silage and grain yield. This research established that at higher planting speeds significant increase of the silage yield per individual plant and of the grain yield per individual plant was achieved. The ear parameters also show that the kernel mass per individual ear, the ear mass, and the cob mass, as well as the individual kernel mass, are larger at the planting speed of 11 km/h than at the planting speed of 7 km/h. At the latter planting speed, significantly higher fuel consumption per hectare and higher energy use was achieved than at the other two planting speeds. Overall, the planting speed of 11 km/h proved to be most appropriate, despite the increased plant spacing variability.

A study of the principal factors affecting the establishment and development of the field bean (Vicia faba)

1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. R. Soper
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Individual

1. A survey of bean crops was carried out in the Oxford area in the years 1947–9 with the object of studying farmers' methods, and the factors affecting establishment and development of the crop in the field.2. The season and the fertility status of the soil have a profound influence on the development of the crop, while plant density affects the growth of the individual plant.3. Hard winters cause crop losses which may amount to more than 50% of the plants. Mortality continues throughout the season.4. A warm dry spring and an equable summer temperature favour pod production more than hot, dry seasons.5. High plant densities cause: (1) a reduced rate of pod formation on each plant over a wide range of conditions, but a greater reduction on poor land than under good conditions; (2) a reduction in stem formation on low fertility fields (but not on high fertility land); (3) a significant increase in pod production per acre on high quality fields.6. A high level of fertility leads to significantly more pods/acre, owing to better plant survival and increased branching and podding.7. Under conditions favouring vegetative growth, there appears to be some competition between stem production and pod production, for the correlation between stems/plant and pods/plant found on low fertility land and in dry seasons no longer holds under good growing conditions.8. In an average crop, there is a very serious loss of flowers and partly matured pods, which may amount to 85% of the flowers formed.9. This wastage may be due to (1) unsatisfactory pollination or self-infertility, (2) inadequate availability of certain plant nutrients, (3) unsuitable environmental conditions, particularly low light intensity in dense crops.10. Botrytis cinerea can cause a high wastage of crop, but it did not figure prominently during the 3 years of the survey, and appeared to be associated with deficiency of potash and/or phosphate in the only two severe outbreaks that occurred.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization level on growth, yield and nodulation of Indigofera zollingeriana at early nursery stage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiman Nohong ◽  
Syahdar Baba ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level on growth, dry matter yield and nodulation of Indigofera zollingeriana plant at during the nursery. The experiments were arranged in a complete randomized design consisting of four treatments and four replications. The utilized four levels of the nitrogen fertilizer were 0 (P0), 100 (P1), 150 (P2) and 200 kg N/ha (P3) equivalent to 0, 0.15, 0.23 and 0.30 g N/polybag respectively. The variables in this study included the plant height, stem diameter, number of petioles per plant, length of petiole, number of leaves per plant, root length for each plant and dry matter yield. The results showed that the fertilizer doses increased the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, and dry matter yield of leaf, leaf petiole, stem, root and nodule. It could be concluded that nitrogen fertilization was effective in stimulating growth, production and nodulation at early nursery stage, yet higher nitrogen doses (200 Kg N/ha) are ineffective and have inhibitory effects of growth and production. Therefore, high-dose nitrogen fertilizers in legume plants should be avoided because Indigofera zollingeriana is able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere as in other legumes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Individual Plant Growth Estimation in an Intercropping Field with UAV Imagery

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Norazlida Jamil ◽  
Gert Kootstra ◽  
Lammert Kooistra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
The Individual

Agriculture practices in monocropping need to become more sustainable and one of the ways to achieve this is to reintroduce intercropping. However, quantitative data to evaluate plant growth in intercropping systems are still lacking. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have the potential to become a state-of-the-art technique for the automatic estimation of plant growth. Individual plant height is an important trait attribute for field investigation as it can be used to derive information on crop growth throughout the growing season. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of UAV-based RGB imagery combined with the structure from motion (SfM) method for estimating the individual plants height of cabbage, pumpkin, barley, and wheat in an intercropping field during a complete growing season under varying conditions. Additionally, the effect of different percentiles and buffer sizes on the relationship between UAV-estimated plant height and ground truth plant height was examined. A crop height model (CHM) was calculated as the difference between the digital surface model (DSM) and the digital terrain model (DTM). The results showed that the overall correlation coefficient (R2) values of UAV-estimated and ground truth individual plant heights for cabbage, pumpkin, barley, and wheat were 0.86, 0.94, 0.36, and 0.49, respectively, with overall root mean square error (RMSE) values of 6.75 cm, 6.99 cm, 14.16 cm, and 22.04 cm, respectively. More detailed analysis was performed up to the individual plant level. This study suggests that UAV imagery can provide a reliable and automatic assessment of individual plant heights for cabbage and pumpkin plants in intercropping but cannot be considered yet as an alternative approach for barley and wheat.

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