scholarly journals Genotypic differences of storage proteins in four Scandinavian spring wheat cultivars during seed development

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Tuula Sontag-Strohm
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breadmaking Quality ◽  
Wide Range

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown under a wide range of climatic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the underlying physiological phenomena which affect the quality of grain yield. The aim ofthis project was to study the interactions between cultivars in theiraccumulation and relative concentrations of the different protein groups of storage proteins at various stages of wheat grain development. Yield components, protein quantity and the quality of flour were examined. The study was carried out at the University of Helsinki, Department of Plant Production during 1989-1990. The cultivars used were Heta, Ruso, Reno and Kadett. Innorthern latitudes the early maturity class of a genotype is an important selection criterion associated with good breadmaking quality. The short grain filling period leads to a high rate of accumulation ofhigh molecular weight glutenins, because it coincides with a rapid expansion of the endosperm in the middle of grain filling. The associated yield loss in these cultivars may be compensated by higher number of grains per ear. Therefore, selection ofproductive wheat lines with earlymaturity, high protein concentration and high relative amount ofhigh molecular weight glutenins, and high grain number per ear instead of high kernel weight may lead to more stable yield and improved breadmaking quality.

scholarly journals Gene Expression and Proteomics Studies Suggest an Involvement of Multiple Pathways Under Day and Day–Night Combined Heat Stresses During Grain Filling in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Chunduri ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Shubhpreet Kaur ◽  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Saloni Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Recent weather fluctuations imposing heat stress at the time of wheat grain filling cause frequent losses in grain yield and quality. Field-based studies for understanding the effect of terminal heat stress on wheat are complicated by the effect of multiple confounding variables. In the present study, the effect of day and day–night combined heat stresses during the grain-filling stage was studied using gene expression and proteomics approaches. The gene expression analysis was performed by using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of genes related to the starch biosynthetic pathway, starch transporters, transcription factors, and stress-responsive and storage proteins, at four different grain developmental stages, indicated the involvement of multiple pathways. Under the controlled conditions, their expression was observed until 28 days after anthesis (DAA). However, under the day stress and day–night stress, the expression of genes was initiated earlier and was observed until 14 DAA and 7 DAA, respectively. The protein profiles generated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS/MS) showed a differential expression of the proteins belonging to multiple pathways that included the upregulation of proteins related to the translation, gliadins, and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenins and the downregulation of proteins related to the glycolysis, photosynthesis, defense, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenins. Overall, the defense response to the day heat stress caused early gene expression and day–night heat stress caused suppression of gene expression by activating multiple pathways, which ultimately led to the reduction in grain-filling duration, grain weight, yield, and processing quality.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in Algerian Aegilops geniculata

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma MEDOURI ◽  
Inès BELLIL ◽  
Douadi KHELIFI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Aegilops Geniculata ◽  
Wide Range

Aegilops geniculata Roth is an annual grass relative to cultivated wheat and is widely distributed in North Algeria. Endosperm storage proteins of wheat and its relatives, namely glutenins and gliadins, play an important role in dough properties and bread making quality. In the present study, the different alleles encoded at the four glutenin loci (Glu-M1, Glu-U1, Glu-M3 and Glu-U3) were identified from thirty five accessions of the tetraploid wild wheat A. geniculata collected in Algeria using Sodium dodecyl Sulfate - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). At Glu-M1 and Glu-U1 loci, encoding high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) or A-subunits, 15 and 12 alleles were observed respectively, including one new subunit. B-Low molecular weight glutenin subunits zone (B-LMW-GS) displayed a far greater variation, as 28 and 25 alleles were identified at loci Glu-M3 and Glu-U3 respectively. Thirty two subunits patterns were revealed at the C subunits- zone and a total of thirty four patterns resulted from the genetic combination of the two zones (B- and C-zone). The wide range of glutenin subunits variation (high molecular weight glutenin subunits and low molecular weight glutenin subunits) in this species has the potential to enhance the genetic variability for improving the quality of wheat./span>

Effect on breadmaking quality of x-type and y-type high molecular weight subunits of glutenin

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Rogers ◽  
P.I. Payne ◽  
J.A. Seekings ◽  
E.J. Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Breadmaking Quality

Transient changes in wheat endosperm polymeric proteins during the later stages of grain development

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hussain ◽  
O. M. Lukow
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Gluten Proteins ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
End Use ◽  
Qualitative Changes

End-use quality of wheat depends mainly on the composition of the storage proteins. These proteins undergo changes during grain development. This study was carried out to examine modifications in the polymeric protein fraction at different days post anthesis (DPA) and to determine whether these changes are cultivar dependent. Endosperm proteins of three hexaploid wheat cultivars harvested at different stages of maturity and extracted sequentially from distal half kernels showed quantitative and qualitative changes when separated in a 7.5–9.0% gradient polyacrylamide gel system. Sudden qualitative changes were observed at a later stage of seed development (35 DPA) in all tested cultivars. Most qualitative changes occurred in proteins of molecular weight 60–90 kDa and least in proteins above 90 kDa. An intense 60-kDa band appeared in the 35-DPA sample of Columbus; this band faded as the grain approached full maturity (40 DPA). Key words: Developmental changes, electrophoresis, gluten proteins, seed ripening

HERITABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GRAIN-FILLING PERIOD, SEED WEIGHT AND QUALITY IN FORTY ITALIAN VARIETIES OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PERENZIN ◽  
F. FERRARI ◽  
M. MOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Forty Italian open-pollinated varieties of corn (Zea mays L.), selected to represent a wide range of plant maturity and grain weight, were evaluated in 1977 and 1978 to determine genetic variances and heritabilities for length and rate of grain-filling period, kernel weight and three seed-quality traits and to examine relationships among these traits. The results showed highly significant genotypic differences and high heritability estimates for most of the traits studied. Moreover, kernel weight and rate of grain filling were found to be closely associated, although this relationship could not be statistically tested. A relatively high correlation was also detected between kernel weight and length of the grain-filling period. The increase in seed weight obtained through a delay in black-layer formation was associated with a higher grain moisture content and a decreased grain protein percentage. A further noteworthy finding of this study was the identification of two varieties which attained a large seed weight in a relatively short time through a very high rate of dry matter accumulation. The implications of these findings are discussed from a physiological and breeding point of view.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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