Assessment of Spontaneous Ignition Lability and Gas Evolution of Coal-Bearing Rocks of Dumps and Sludges of the Coal Enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
V.A. Portola ◽  
◽  
A.A. Bobrovnikova ◽  
S.I. Protasov ◽  
E.A. Seregin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Spontaneous Ignition ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Sorption Activity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Spontaneous Fire ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Different Depths

Rock dumps of coal mining and coal processing enterprises contain coal, which is capable to absorbing oxygen to generate heat. Under favorable conditions, the heat generated is sufficient to increase the rock temperature and to form spontaneous fire seats. At the same time, coal-bearing rocks emit combustible and toxic gases generated during the coal decay and the oxidation of combustible elements. To assess the possibility of the development of spontaneous ignition processes in the coal-bearing rock agglomerates that were exposed to air for a long time, the samples were taken, the constant oxygen sorption rate and the duration of the spontaneous ignition incubation period were determined. Sampling was carried out on the surface of two dumps of the open pits, as well as at different depths of the slimepit of the processing plant, which were not in operation for decades. The experiment allowed to determine the concentration and intensity of the evolution of various gases from the coal-bearing rocks at natural ambient temperature. The uneven sorption activity of the rocks on the surface of dumps contributes to forming spontaneous fire seats in the areas that are most liable to this. In addition, rock dumps for decades continue to emit methane and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere at the natural temperature of the rocks, which negatively affects the surrounding nature. In the sludge settling tank, not operated for about 60 years, the sorption activity of the sludge in relation to oxygen changes not only on the surface, but also at different depths of the settling tank. The revealed features of long-term storage of coal-bearing rocks in the dumps and slimepits should be taken into account when choosing the technologies for coal mining and processing, as well as storage of the overburden rocks and processing wastes.

Increasing Operational Efficiency in a Radioactive Waste Processing Plant

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Turner ◽  
S. N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

The solid waste plant at Harwell in Oxfordshire, contains a purpose built facility to input, assay, visually inspect and sort remote handled intermediate level radioactive waste (RHILW). The facility includes a suite of remote handling cells, known as the head-end cells (HEC), which waste must pass through in order to be repackaged. Some newly created waste from decommissioning works on site passes through the cells, but the vast majority of waste for processing is historical waste, stored in below ground tube stores. Existing containers are not suitable for long term storage, many are already badly corroded, so the waste must be efficiently processed and repackaged in order to achieve passive safety. The Harwell site is currently being decommissioned and the land is being restored. The site is being progressively delicensed, and redeveloped as a business park, which can only be completed when all the nuclear liabilities have been removed. The recovery and processing of old waste in the solid waste plant is a key project linked to delicensing of a section of the site. Increasing the operational efficiency of the waste processing plant could shorten the time needed to clear the site and has the potential to save money for the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). The waste processing facility was constructed in the mid 1990s, and commissioned in 1999. Since operations began, the yearly throughput of the cells has increased significantly every year. To achieve targets set out in the lifetime plan (LTP) for the site, throughput must continue to increase. The operations department has measured the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of the process for the last few years, and has used continuous improvement techniques to decrease the average cycle time. Philosophies from operational management practices such as ‘lean’ and ‘kaizen’ have been employed successfully to drive out losses and increase plant efficiency. This paper will describe how the solid waste plant at Harwell has continuously increased the throughput of RHILW, which should lead to significant programme savings.

scholarly journals Methane Content Estimation in DuongHuy Coal Mine

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Waldemar Mijał ◽  
Vu Chi Dang ◽  
Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Underground Coal Mine ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Quang Ninh

Methane hazard has always been considered for underground coal mining as it can lead to methane explosion. In Quang Ninh province, several coal mines such as Mạo Khe coal mine, Khe Cham coal mine, especially Duong Huy mine that have high methane content. Experimental data to examine contents of methane bearing coal seams at different depths are not similar in Duong coal mine. In order to ensure safety, this report has been undertaken to determine a pattern of changing methane contents of coal seams at different exploitation depths in Duong Huy underground coal mine.

scholarly journals The Problems of Legal Regulation of the Land Reclamation after the Illegal Coal Mining by the “Black Diggers” (the Kemerovo region example)

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Vitaly Shelestukov ◽  
Roman Drapezo ◽  
Roman Islamov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with the issues of the legal “irregularity” of criminal and material responsibility of the “black diggers” for the illegal production of natural resources in the territory of the Kuzbass. The schemes of production and selling the coal are very different. That is why it is rather difficult to consider them in terms of criminal, arbitration, and administrative processes, especially by considering the issues of reclaiming the lands broken by such illegal activity. This is evidenced by the limited judicial practice of arbitration courts and courts of law of the Kuzbass. There is also no similar practice in other territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. Thus, there is a necessity in urgent developing of the methodical recommendations for the law enforcement officials on the calculation and compensation for the damage, considering the escalating statistical data on the illegal activity of the “black diggers”. Since the production and land reclamation caused by the coal mining are technologically interconnected, there must be an assigned surveillance of the use of a fund and the order of land reclamation to the prosecutor’s office on the surveillance of respecting the lawfulness in the coal-mining industry. These actions are provided for the coal-mining enterprises. For a long time, the “black diggers” have been producing the natural minerals which are the property of the state and they have also been able to escape the attention of the Russian legislation.

Flux Behavior and Quality of Effluent from a Poultry Processing Plant Treated by Membrane Bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Nelson ◽  
Rakesh K. Singh ◽  
Ramesh Y. Avula ◽  
Romeo T. Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Substantial Change

Abstract Membrane bioreactor (MBR) provided with spiral wound modules of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes was used to treat the wastewater obtained from primary and secondary processing operations of a poultry plant. The membrane bioreactor consisted of 3 tanks; an aerobic bioreactor, anoxic settling tank, and a third tank from which a permeate was drawn across ultrafiltration membranes for final discharge to a municipal sewer or for reuse in the processing of raw product. The Cleaning and backflush schedules were conducted to determine the best regimen for maximum permeate flux and for their effect on retention times in each of the biological treatment tanks. Continuous operation of MBR for 24 h period with no backflushing resulted in flux decay that led to a substantial change in retention times. The best operating cycle was found to be 1 h filtration followed by 120 s backflush or 20 min filtration followed by 20 s backflush. Significant reduction in particle size, COD and BOD (>90%) and reduction of microbial load by 4 – log levels in MBR effluent made it fit for reuse.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Earthen Dam ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Strip Mine

In the summer of 2009, I participated in a rally against mountaintop removal coal mining in Appalachia. The rally was held on the grounds of Marsh Fork Elementary, a school situated between the Coal River and Route 3 in Raleigh County, West Virginia. Sitting immediately below a slurry impoundment (a giant reservoir of toxic coal sludge produced by the coal preparation process and retained by an earthen dam), Marsh Fork Elementary also sat at the center of many debates surrounding the safety and justness of mountaintop removal. Activists cited increased health problems for Marsh Fork students due to their proximity to an active strip mine, such as abnormally high rates of asthma, and worried about the potentially disastrous consequences of any stresses or failures in the earthen dam retaining the slurry. The nearby mine and processing plant were owned and operated at the time by Massey Energy, one of the most controversial coal companies in the region. It was led by Don Blankenship, an outspoken and active opponent of labor unions and environmental regulations. Both Blankenship and his company were frequent targets for environmentalist outrage, and for his part, Blankenship seldom passed an opportunity to denounce “tree huggers” and others who, so he claimed, would destroy the jobs of hard-working Appalachian miners. In 2012 a new elementary school was built several miles from the original site, thanks to donations and ongoing political pressure; but in June 2009 these issues remained unsettled....

scholarly journals Designing a Smart Bath Assistive Device Based on Measuring Inner Water Temperature for Bathing Temperature Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2405
Author(s):  
Qun Wei ◽  
So-Myoung Kang ◽  
Jae Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Android App

Today, taking a bath is not only a means to keep clean, but also to reduce fatigue and stress. However, taking a bath with hot water for a long time can also be dangerous, leading to scalding or even a heart attack. To prevent these risks, several studies based on measuring bio-signals have been conducted, but due to high prices, difficulty of use, and restricted functions, these studies’ recommendations cannot be easily adopted by the public. Therefore, developing accurate methods to measure bathing temperature and bathing time should be the most direct approach to solve these problems. In this study, a smart bath assistive device based on an inner water temperature measurement function is proposed. Prior to development of the device, a bathing environment was emulated with six temperature sensors affixed to different depths to find the optimal depth for measuring bathing temperature. According to the measurement results, the device was designed in a mushroom shape with the cap part floating on the water’s surface and housing the electronic components, and temperature sensors within the stem part were immersed in the water approximately 5 cm below the surface to measure the inner water temperature. Due to the low-power consuming Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) processor and waterproof design, the device is able to float in hot water and monitor the bathing temperature variation over a long period of time. The device was compared alongside a commercial analog bathing thermometer to verify the performance of temperature measurements. In addition, a compensation algorithm was developed and programmed into the device to improve the accuracy of measurements. Processed data is transmitted by Bluetooth to a dedicated Android app for data display and storage. The final results show that the proposed device is highly accurate and stable for monitoring bathing temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Tank Shape on Performance of Aeration Tank in Sewage Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Different Depths

This Study Was Made To Study The Use Of Circular Aeration Tanks Instead Of Rectangular One In Wastewater Treatment Plants. The Study Covered The Effect Of Tank Geometric Shape On Action Stability, Effective Parameters Homogeneity And Treatment Efficiency Inside The Aeration Tank And Its Reflection On The Final Sedimentation Tank Performance. A Pilot Scale Was Erected In Balaqs Wastewater Treatment Plant Pilot Consists From Two Lines One Circular Aeration Tank Followed By Final Settling Tank And Second Rectangular Aeration Tank Followed By Final Settling Tank For Comparison Purpose Under The Same Conditions. The Samples Were Taken Continuously For 5 Weeks From The Inlet, Outlet For (Bod, & Tss) To Measure The Aeration Removal Efficiency. Also Measurements Inside Both Types Of Aeration Tanks To Determine The Parameters Of Temperature & Do Distribution And Stability In Different Depths And Sides Of Tank. Also The Consumed Power Had Been Measured. The Results Shows That The Circular Aeration Tank Achieved Better Stability Inside The Tank With Minimal Variation In Both Of Do And Temperature That Varied Widely In The Rectangular Tank Between Different Depths And Also Longitudinally And In Cross Section Directions That Affects Mainly On The Tank Efficiency And The Consumed Power Needed For Surface Aerators Operation. The Circular Safe About 50% Of The Consumed Power That Also Safe In The Construction And Operation Costs For Such Treatment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Legum Penutup Tanah Terdapat Pertumbuhan Semai Mahoni (swietenia macrophylla) pada Tanah Marginal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Eny Faridah ◽  
Cahyono Agus D Koranto
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Alluvial Deposit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Effects Of Media

Indonesia has large area of marginal land including coast sandy soil and post coal mining soil areas. Reclamation process for marginal land needs long time and high cost, hence, strategic treatments are necessary to reduce both time and cost. This research aims to analyze the effects of media (coast sandy soil, alluvial deposit, and post coal mining soil) and legume over crop Centrocema pubescens on the growth of mahogany seedlings. This research was conducted at green house for 3 months using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 x 2 factorials and 3 replications. The first factor was marginal soil (three levels: coast sandy soil, post coal mining soil, and alluvial deposit as reference) while the second factor was the application of legume cover crop (two levels: apply and not apply). Variables observed were the height, diameter, biomass, and nutrient content of mahogany seedlings. The results showed that the growth of mahogany in sandy soil media is the best though nutrient content in that media is the lowest. It was caused reduction of salinity from that media. While, up to 3 months old, C. pubescens grew competitively.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF UNLOADING TUBERS FROM A TRANSPORT UNIT WITH AN IMPROVED DUMP BODY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. ФИЛЮШИН ◽  
М.Ю. Костенко ◽  
И.А. Успенский ◽  
И.А. Юхин ◽  
А.И. Ушанев
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

При механизированной уборке картофеля около 20-40% клубней получают ушибы. В результате повреждений клубней при транспортировке в самосвалах потери углеводов возрастают в 2,5-3 раза по сравнению с транспортировкой в таре; потери витамина С увеличиваются примерно на 10%. Поэтому важно оценить качество клубней картофеля перед закладкой на длительное хранение, что позволит сократить потери картофеля. В настоящее время применяются разрушающие и неразрушающие способы оценки качества клубней картофеля. В первом случае тестируемые клубни для выявления повреждений разрезаются на дольки или подвергаются очистке со снятием определенной толщины слоя. Во втором случае клубни сохраняют целостность. Не разрушающие способы определения повреждений получили наибольшее распространение, так как они дают возможность автоматизировать процессы сортировки клубней. В основу этих способов положены оптические, рентгеновские, акустические, электрические и тепловые свойства клубней картофеля. Недостатком данных способов является то, что они количественно оценивают повреждения клубней, но не дают качественной оценки. Следует отметить, что выявление внешних повреждений эффективно осуществляется с помощью оптических систем, установление внутренних повреждений затруднено из-за скрытости ушибов под относительно неповрежденной поверхностью клубня. При длительном хранении внутренние повреждения являются дополнительной причиной потерь питательных веществ и порчи картофеля. При разгрузке катящийся клубень имеет большую кинетическую энергию в сравнение со скользящим. Поэтому для гашения кинетической энергии используется перегрузочное устройство. В результате проведения теоретических исследований ВП транспортного агрегата с усовершенствованной конструкцией самосвального кузова установлено, что клубневой ворох не падает вниз, а поступает на роликовый транспортер (причем ролики снабжены выступами из упругого материала), что в совокупности сводит возможность травмирования плодов при разгрузке к минимуму (не более 1,6 %). When mechanized potato harvesting, about 20-40% of tubers get bruised. As a result of damage to tubers during transportation in dump trucks, the loss of carbohydrates increases by 2.5...3 times compared to transportation in containers, and the loss of vitamin C increases by about 10%. Therefore, it is important to assess the quality of potato tubers before laying for long-term storage, which will reduce potato losses. Currently, destructive and non-destructive methods are used to assess the quality of potato tubers. In the first case, the tested tubers are cut into slices to detect damage or are cleaned with the removal of a certain layer thickness. In the second case, the tubers remain intact. Non-destructive methods for determining damage are the most common, since they make it possible to automate the processes of sorting tubers. These methods are based on the optical, x-ray, acoustic, electrical and thermal properties of potato tubers. The disadvantage of these methods is that they quantify damage to tubers, but do not give a qualitative assessment. It should be noted that the detection of external injuries is effectively carried out using optical systems, the establishment of internal injuries is difficult due to the concealment of bruises under the relatively intact surface of the tuber. When stored for a long time, internal damage is an additional cause of loss of nutrients and spoilage of potatoes.Thus, a rolling tuber has a greater kinetic energy compared to a sliding tuber. Therefore, an overload device is used to extinguish the kinetic energy.Graph 7 shows that the tuber gradually slows down as it moves through the reloading device. As the angle of the reloading device decreases, the tuber speed will decrease. At the set speed of the tuber, the angle of inclination will be 27 degrees, the number of rollers is 16.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document