scholarly journals Effect of Impact Load on Concrete Containing Recycled Tire Rubber Aggregate with and without Fire Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arf Muhammad ◽  
Wrya Abdulfaraj Abdullah faraj ◽  
Mohamed Raouf Abdul-Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Impact Machine ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Final Fracture ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
The Impact

Over one billion tires are disposed into the environment each year and this has become a major environmental issue in the globe. Recycling of these waste tire rubbers in concrete has gained attention from researchers all around the world. In this study, the impact resistance of rubberized concrete exposed to fire is investigated experimentally in the laboratory.  For that purpose, sixty specimens were made with five different mixes replacing their sand content partially with different percentages of tire rubber by weight ratios of 0% control, 6%, 12%, 18% and 24%. The water/cement ratio was kept constant at 0.393 in all the mixes. In each mix, fifteen concrete specimens with the size of (150 x 150 x 73) mm were prepared to expose to fire. Every three specimens were gradually exposed to fire for four various durations of (0, 15, 30, and 45) minutes. Each specimen was then tested in a drop-weight impact machine by dropping 2240-gr and 4500-gr hammers from heights of 280 mm and 450 mm. The average impact energy of three identical specimens required for the occurrence of the final fracture was calculated. The investigational results are compared with results of control samples. It is found that the impact energy considerably increased with an increase of the rubber replacement. It is, also, noted that any increase in the burning period of specimens results in a reduction of the impact energy and more early crushing of the rubberized concrete.

scholarly journals Low-Velocity Impact Resistance of Al/Gf/PP Laminates with Different Interface Performance

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4416
Author(s):  
Yanyan Lin ◽  
Huaguan Li ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang ◽  
Jie Tao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Rear Surface ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact

The weak interface performance between metal and composite (IPMC) makes the composite materials susceptible to impact load. Aluminum/glass fiber/polypropylene (Al/Gf/PP) laminates were manufactured with the aluminum alloy sheets modified by nitrogen plasma surface treatment and the phosphoric acid anodizing method, respectively. FEM models of Al/Gf/PP laminates under low-velocity impact were established in ABAQUS/Explicit based on the generated data including the model I and II interlaminar fracture toughness. Low-velocity impact tests were performed to investigate the impact resistance of Al/Gf/PP laminates including load traces, failure mechanism, and energy absorption. The results showed that delamination was the main failure mode of two kinds of laminates under the impact energy of 20 J and 30 J. When the impact energy was between 40 J and 50 J, there were metal cracks on the rear surface of the plasma pretreated specimens, which possessed higher energy absorption and impact resistance, although the integrity of the laminates could not be preserved. Since the residual compressive stress was generated during the cooling process, the laminates were more susceptible to stretching rather than delamination. For impact energy (60 J) causing the through-the-thickness crack of two kinds of laminates, plasma pretreated specimens exhibited higher SEA values close to 9 Jm2/kg due to better IPMC. Combined with the FEM simulation results, the interface played a role in stress transmission and specimens with better IPMC enabled the laminates to absorb more energy.

scholarly journals Impact resistance of sisal fiber reinforced concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Sabapathy Y K ◽  
Ramya Sajeevan ◽  
Rekha J ◽  
Vishal V ◽  
Sabarish S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Impact Machine ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
The Impact

Concrete is typically a brittle material which is prone to damage when subjected to heavy impact loads. To overcome this weakness, concrete is reinforced with fibers as fibers are effective in withstanding heavy impact loads. The main objective of this experimental investigation is to study the influence of sisal fibers in concrete under impact load. The impact specimens are prepared using three grades of concrete- M20, M30 and M40 with five varying percentage of fibers- 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The mix designs of the respective grades of concrete are made as per the Indian standards. The specimens after curing for 28 days were subjected to impact loads using the standard drop weight impact machine confining to ASTM standards. Also cube and cylinder specimens are prepared and tested to ascertain the compressive and tensile strength of the sisal fiber reinforced concrete. The results indicated that the sisal fibers are effective in increasing the impact strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Impact resistance of steel materials to ballistic ejecta and shelter development using steel deck plates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Kohei Tateyama ◽  
Shino Naruke ◽  
Hisashi Sasaki ◽  
Shinichi Torigata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Corrugated Plates ◽  
Shelter Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ballistic Ejecta

AbstractThe destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates). The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, from the result of the impact test using the roof-simulating structure, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice as an additional protective layer is installed on this structure. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.

scholarly journals Impact Resistance Analysis and Optimization of Variant Truss Beam Structure Based on Material Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5847
Author(s):  
Xiaohao Li ◽  
Junqi Pan ◽  
Xingchen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
The Impact

In order to meet the increasing application requirements with regards to structural impact resistance in industries such as mining, construction, aerospace engineering, and disaster relief and mitigation, this paper designs a variant truss beam structure with a large shrinkage ratio and high impact resistance. Based on the principle of the curved trajectory of scissor mechanisms, this paper conducts a finite element simulation analysis of the impact load on the truss beam structure, a theoretical analysis of the impact response and a relevant prototype bench-top experiment, completing a full study on the impact resistance mechanism of the designed variant truss beam structure under the impact load. In the paper, the buffer effect of the external load impact on the variant truss beam structure is analyzed from the perspective of the energy change of elastic–plastic deformation. This paper proposes an optimization strategy for the variant truss beam structure with the energy absorption rate as the optimization index through extensive analysis of the parameter response surfaces. The strategy integrates analyses on the response characteristic analysis of various configuration materials to obtain an optimal combination of component parameters that ensures that the strength of the truss beam structure meets set requirements. The strategy provides a feasible method with which to verify the effectiveness and impact resistance of a variant truss structure design.

scholarly journals Impact Response of Hammerhead Pier Fibrous Concrete Beams Designed with Topology Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meivazhisalai Parasuraman Salaimanimagudam ◽  
Covaty Ravi Suribabu ◽  
Gunasekaran Murali ◽  
Sallal R. Abid
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Adaptive Meshing ◽  
Repeated Impact ◽  
Ductility Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Reducing the weight of concrete beams is a primary (beyond strength and durability) concern of engineers. Therefore, this research was directed to investigate the impact response of hammerhead pier concrete beams designed with density-based method topology optimization. The finite element topology optimization was conducted using Autodesk fusion 360 considering three different mesh sizes of 7 mm, 10 mm, and adaptive meshing. Three optimized hammerhead beam configurations; HB1, HB2, and HB3, respectively, with volume reductions greater than 50 %. In the experimental part of this research, nine beams were cast with identical size and configuration to the optimized beams. Three beams, identical to the optimized beams, were tested under static bending for verification purposes. In comparison, six more beams, as in the preceding three beams but without and with hooked end steel fibers, were tested under repeated impact load. The test results revealed that the highest flexural capacity and impact resistance at crack initiation and failure were recorded for the adaptive mesh beams (HB3 and HB3SF). The failure impact energy and ductility ratio of the beam HB3SF was higher than the beams HB1SF and HB2SF by more than 270 %. The results showed that the inclusion of steel fiber duplicated the optimized beam’s impact strength and ductility several times. The failure impact resistance of fibrous beams was higher than their corresponding plain beams by approximately 2300 to4460 %, while their impact ductility ratios were higher by 6.0 to 18.1 times.

Interplay of fabric structure and shear thickening fluid impregnation in moderating the impact response of high-performance woven fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (28) ◽  
pp. 4387-4395
Author(s):  
Sanchi Arora ◽  
Abhijit Majumdar ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Butola
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
The Impact

The beneficial effect of STF impregnation in enhancing the impact resistance of high-performance fabrics has been extensively reported in the literature. However, this research work reports that fabric structure has a decisive role in moderating the effectiveness of STF impregnation in terms of impact energy absorption. Plain woven fabrics having sett varying from 25 × 25 inch−1 to 55 × 55 inch−1 were impregnated with STF at two different padding pressures to obtain different add-ons. The impact energy absorption by STF impregnated loosely woven fabrics was found to be higher than that of their neat counterparts for both levels of add-on, while opposite trend was observed in case of tightly woven fabrics. Further, comparison of tightly woven plain, 2/2 twill, 3/1 twill and 2 × 2 matt fabrics revealed beneficial effect of STF impregnation, except for the plain woven fabric, establishing that there exists a fabric structure-STF impregnation interplay that tunes the impact resistance of woven fabrics.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Impact Energy on Spur Gear

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 06011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ali Bin Abdul Aziz ◽  
Daing Mohamad Nafiz Bin Daing Idris ◽  
Mohd Hasnun Arif Bin Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Bin Basrawi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Impact

In high-speed gear drive and power transmission, system impact failure mode always occurs due to the sudden impact and shock loading during the system in running. Therefore, study on the amount of impact energy that can be absorbed by a gear is vital. Impact test equipment has been designed and modelled for the purpose to study the impact energy on gear tooth. This paper mainly focused on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of impact energy that occurred during simulation involving the impact test equipment modelling. The simulation was conducted using Abaqus software on critical parts of the test equipment to simulate the impact event and generate impact data for analysis. The load cell in the model was assumed to be free fall at a certain height which gives impact load to the test gear. Three different type of material for the test gear were set up in this simulation. Results from the simulation show that each material possesses different impact energy characteristic. Impact energy values increased along with the height of load drop. AISI 1040 were found to be the toughest material at 3.0m drop that could withstand up to 44.87N.m of impact energy. These data will be used to validate data in physical experiments in further study.

scholarly journals Axial Impact Load of a Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Member with Axial Compression Considering the Creep Effect

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lan ◽  
Guangchong Qin ◽  
Jinzhao Zhuang ◽  
Youdi Wang ◽  
Qian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Axial Pressure ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Creep Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peak Value

The dynamic loads acting on concrete-filled steel tubular members under axial impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by FEM. The whole impact process was simulated and the time history of the impact load was obtained. The effects of eight factors on the axial impact load were studied; these factors were the impact speed, mass ratio, axial pressure ratio, steel ratio, slenderness ratio, concrete strength, impact position, and boundary conditions. Besides this, the effects of concrete creep on the impact load were also considered by changing the material parameters of the concrete. The results show that axial impact load changes with time as a triangle. The peak value of impact load increases and the impact resistance improves with the growth of the axial pressure ratio, steel ratio, slenderness ratio, and concrete strength after creep occurs. As the eccentricity of the axial impact acting on a concrete-filled steel tubular member increases, the peak value of the impact load decreases. The enhancement of constraints at both ends of the member can improve the impact resistance. The creep reduction coefficients for the peak axial impact load of a concrete-filled steel tubular member under axial compression and considering the creep effect over 6 months and 30 years are 0.60 and 0.55, respectively. A calculation formula for the peak value of impact load was suggested based on the existing formula, and its accuracy was proved by finite element calculation in this study.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Relations Between Impact Resistance and Tensile Properties of Cement-Based Materials Reinforced by Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4434
Author(s):  
Ju Zhang ◽  
Pucun Bai ◽  
Changwang Yan ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Crater Diameter ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
Drop Weight Test ◽  
The Impact

Cement-based material is brittle and is easily damaged by an impact load with a few blows. The purpose of this paper is to study the relations between the impact resistance and tensile properties of cement-based materials reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA-FRCM). A drop-weight test and uniaxial tension test were performed. The relations were studied based on the experimental results, including the relation between the blow number and the tensile stress at the first visible cracking (σc) and the relation between the blow number and the tensile strain at the ultimate failure (εf). Results showed that the blow number for the first visible crack for disc impact specimens increases obviously with the increase of σc of slab specimens. The crater diameter and blow number for ultimate failure of the disc specimens increase with the increase of εf of slab specimens. For the PVA-FRCM specimens with larger σc and εf, much more blows are needed to cause both the first visible crack and ultimate failure. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers can reinforce impact resistance and tensile properties of cement-based materials.

Impact resistance of Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures with thin fibre reinforced polymer facesheets

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longquan Liu ◽  
Han Feng ◽  
Huaqing Tang ◽  
Zhongwei Guan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Nomex Honeycomb ◽  
The Impact

In order to investigate the impact resistance of the Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures skinned with thin fibre reinforced woven fabric composites, both drop-weight experimental work and meso-mechanical finite element modelling were conducted and the corresponding output was compared. Drop-weight impact tests with different impact parameters, including impact energy, impactor mass and facesheets, were carried out on Nomex honeycomb-cored sandwich structures. It was found that the impact resistance and the penetration depth of the Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures were significantly influenced by the impact energy. However, for impact energies that cause full perforation, the impact resistance is characterized with almost the same initial stiffness and peak force. The impactor mass has little influence on the impact response and the perforation force is primarily dependent on the thickness of the facesheet, which generally varies linearly with it. In the numerical simulation, a comprehensive finite element model was developed which considers all the constituent materials of the Nomex honeycomb, i.e. aramid paper, phenolic resin, and the micro-structure of the honeycomb wall. The model was validated against the corresponding experimental results and then further applied to study the effects of various impact angles on the response of the honeycomb. It was found that both the impact resistance and the perforation depth are significantly influenced by the impact angle. The former increases with the obliquity, while the latter decreases with it. The orientation of the Nomex core has little effect on the impact response, while the angle between the impact direction and the fibre direction of the facesheets has a great influence on the impact response.

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