scholarly journals Estimation of Aquifer Protective Capacity, Soil Corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk Parameters in Kaura Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1151
Author(s):  
Isaac O. Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Well Yield ◽  
Dar Zarrouk Parameters ◽  
Soil Corrosivity ◽  
Longitudinal Unit Conductance

This study presents an estimation of aquifer protective capacity, soil corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk parameters for Kaura area of Kaduna State in northern Nigeria. Electrical resistivity sounding data and borehole pumping test data obtained from 20 locations within the LGA were obtained and used for this study. The geoelectric data exhibited curve types generally consisting of H, HA, KH or K-A-H types from which five-layer lithology were delineated across the entire study area. Well yield varies from 16 – 400 litres/min, pumping rate ranges from 16 to 140 l/min, drawdown varies from 1 – 22m, while specific capacity ranged from 1 – 95 litres/min. The aquifer protective capacity characterization was based on values of longitudinal unit conductance of the overburden, and 35% of the locations showed good protective capacity, while the remaining 65% exhibited moderate protective capacity. From the soil corrosivity evaluation, the upper soil layers were classified as moderately corrosive at one location, four locations were marked as slightly corrosive, while the remaining locations were found to be practically non-corrosive. Based on thicknesses and resistivities of the overburden layers, Dar-Zarrouk parameters were determined. The reflection coefficient ranged from 0.29 to 0.92, resistivity contrast occurred between 0.35 to 25.38, while the coefficient of anisotropy ranged from 0.70 to 3.84 with mean value of 1.57. Values above 1.0 are generally considered high and they occurred more toward the western part of the area than the middle and eastern parts. Both the longitudinal unit conductance map and coefficient of anisotropy map were generated for the area.

scholarly journals Advances in the Hydraulic Interpretation of Water Wells Using Flowmeter Logs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Díaz-Curiel ◽  
Barbara Biosca ◽  
Lucía Arévalo-Lomas ◽  
María J. Miguel ◽  
Natalia Caparrini
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Hydraulic Head ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Continental Basin

Abstract. This paper reports on the methodology developed for a new hydraulic interpretation of flowmeter logs, allowing a better characterization of continental hydrological basins. In the course of a flowmeter log, different flow stretches are established mostly corresponding to permeable layers (aquifers), among which there are other stretches mainly corresponding to less permeable layers (aquitards). In such hydrological basins of sufficient thickness, these flow stretches may not have the same hydraulic head. This fact brings about the need for a new hydraulic interpretation that provides the actual distribution of horizontal permeability throughout the aquifer at depth. The modified hydraulic interpretation developed in this study focuses on the differences of the effective pressure gradient (considered as the difference between the hydraulic head in the well and the hydraulic head of each stretch) experienced by the different flow stretches along the well, due to the existence of different hydraulic heads. The methodology has been developed starting from a water well located in a multilayered aquifer within the so-named Madrid Basin (the NW part of the continental basin of the Tajo River), located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. In this well, a step-drawdown pumping test was conducted, in which the pumping rate versus drawdown and the specific capacity versus drawdown showed discrepancies with Darcian behaviour and an exponent of the Jacob equation of less than 1. Flowmeter logs were then recorded for different discharge rates and pump depths; the resulting water input from deeper permeable layers did not appear to show the expected relation with respect to drawdown. With the proposed methodology the results comply with the expected linearity and the cited discrepancies are solved.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Evaluation and GPS-GIS Based Soil Nutrient Mapping of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, Telangana

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Kasthuri Rajamani ◽  
N. Hari ◽  
M. Rajashekar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
High Status ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nutrient Index

Soil fertility evaluation of an area is an important aspect in the context of sustainable agriculture production. In the present investigation KVK, Palem farm was selected in the district Nagarkurnool of Telangana and studied physico-chemical, available macro and micronutrient status using Nutrient Index approach made with the study of 60 surface soil samples and were analyzed for pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Organic Carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn). Study results indicated that a major proportion of area soils are neutral (62.08%) and non-saline (100%). The whole study area was low in organic carbon content, ranging from 0.40 to 0.45 with a mean of 0.42%, and available nitrogen also low in the entire study area varied from 150.53 to 188.16 kg ha-1 with a mean value of 165.67 kg ha-1. The percent distribution of available P varied from medium to high status (34.48 and 72.41%), where available K was categorized under high (100%) status. With regard to micronutrients, the soils were predominantly deficient in Zn (24.13%) followed by Fe (20.68%) and Mn (6.89%).

scholarly journals GEOELECTRIC STUDY OF GROUNDWATER REPOSITORY IN PARTS OF AKWA IBOM STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Johnson C. Ibuot ◽  
Moses M. M. Ekpa ◽  
Doris O. Okoroh ◽  
Aniefiok S. Akpan Emmanuel T. Omeje
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Longitudinal Conductance ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Dar Zarrouk Parameters

Geoelectric survey employing Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out in order to assess the groundwater repositories. A total of seven soundings were obtained with their layer resistivity, thickness and depth within the maximum electrode separation. The geoelectric parameters obtained were used to estimate the Dar-Zarrouk parameters (longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance), hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The result shows the aquifer resistivity ranging from 77.14 to 784.76 Ωm, with thickness ranging from 28.78 to 80.04 m. The longitudinal conductance have values ranging from 0.071 to 0.825 Ω-1 while the values of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity range from 1.087 to 5.881 m/day and 60.180 to 374.031 𝑚2/day respectively. The contour maps generated show the variation of these parameters across the subsurface, and areas with poor protective capacity were delineated. The results also delineate the groundwater potential of the study area as moderate, while the corrosivity rating indicates non-corrosive and slightly corrosive.

scholarly journals Soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
A.A. Oyedele ◽  
G.M. Olayanju ◽  
A.O. Talabi ◽  
S.N. Ogunyebi ◽  
O.F. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Longitudinal Conductance ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Soil Corrosivity

AbstractVertical electrical sounding, well inventory and physicochemical analysis were conducted to evaluate soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in the basement complex terrain of Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria. The topsoil is composed of slightly corrosive materials at the eastern, southern and northeastern flanks and the central portion with resistivity values ranging from 60 to 180 Ωm. Moderately corrosive/slightly corrosive materials (with resistivity values of 10 < ρ < 60 Ωm) constitute the second layer around the eastern, southern and north-eastern flanks. Pockets of areas in the northwestern, southeastern, eastern and central parts of the metropolis are practically non-corrosive with resistivity values in excess of 200 Ωm. Zones of good, moderate, weak and poor overburden protective capacity were delineated, with longitudinal conductance (S) values of 0.7 < S < 4.9, 0.2 < S < 0.69, 0.1 < S < 0.19 and S < 0.1 mhos, respectively. On a regional consideration, 23.31%, 18.80% and 57.9% of the study area is characterised by overburden materials of poor, weak and moderate protective capacity, respectively. Only 6.02% of the area indicates good overburden protective capacity.

scholarly journals Analysis of multi-well pumpingtest under atmosphere pressure and anisochronous schedule of pumping rate

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
R. S. Shtengelov ◽  
E. A. Filimonova ◽  
I. S. Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Atmosphere Pressure ◽  
Barometric Efficiency ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Depression Cone

Interpretation problems of long-term anisochronous multi-well pumping test under oscillating atmosphere pressure is analyzed. The barometric efficiency and corrections of measured drawdowns are calculated to Udomlya groundwater basin, evaluation of space and temporal moving of depression cone is investigated. Obtained hydraulic parameters is used for numerical model of groundwater basin and forecasting of periodical compensation wells pumping for recharge lake-coolers of Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant.

scholarly journals GEOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF SUBSURFACE PROTECTIVE CAPACITY AND GROUNDWATER PROSPECT IN A TYPICAL SEDIMENTARY ZONE, EASTERN DAHOMEY BASIN USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Kayode Festus Oyedele ◽  
Olawale Babatunde Olatinsu
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Unconfined Aquifers ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Dar Zarrouk Parameters

Subsurface protective capacity evaluation is important in groundwater prospecting. With the aid of Dar-Zarrouk parameters which show direct relationship with contaminants infiltration time and transmissivity, joint interpretation of vertical electrical sounding (VES) and 2-D resistivity imaging were employed to evaluate overburden protective capacity and groundwater potentials at Mowe in Obafemi-Owode LGA, southwest Nigeria. Total longitudinal conductance S, total transverse resistance T, longitudinal resistivity ρL and transverse resistivity ρT were computed. Sand/clayey sand was delineated at 70% of the area either as confined aquifers (78%) or unconfined aquifers (22%). S values in 87% of locations has moderate protective rating (0.2071 – 0.5630), one location has good protective rating (0.7736), others have weak protective ratings (0.1053 – 0.1814). The entire area is characterized by low overburden thickness H (7.9 – 25.6 m), which agrees with a correlation coefficient of 0.58 between S and H. T values is in the range 235 – 2046 Ωm2 with high values indicating high transmissivity zones, suggesting high probability of pollutant contamination of aquifer, also agreeing with moderate correlation coefficient of 0.69 between T and H. The study area was grouped into three regions on the cross plot of T versus S: low S and high T – poor protection and high contaminant transmission; moderate/good S and low T – good protection with low contaminants transmission; moderate/low S and low T – weak protective capacity and poor transmissivity. Excellent correlation (0.99) exists between ρL and ρT, with ρT slightly higher than ρL, and low ρL signifying the presence of conductive clayey materials in the overburden.

scholarly journals P707 Anti-TNFα therapy has no effect on bone mineral density in younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A single-centre observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S572-S572
Author(s):  
R Filip ◽  
S Jarmakiewicz - Czaja ◽  
D Piątek ◽  
J Sztembis ◽  
A Pękala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
T Score ◽  
Active Inflammation

Abstract Background Active inflammation negatively affects bone mineral density. Biological treatment, among others silences the excessive reaction of the immune system, which can also reduce the risk of osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to determine whether bone mineral density is higher in patients with biological therapy. Methods In total, 112 patients over 18 years of age with CD (Crohn’s Disease) or UC (Ulcerative colitis) were included in the study. The mean value age was 35 years. Patients who had received anti-TNFα therapy (biosimilar infliximab CT-P13 or adalimumab), and who underwent densitometric evaluation after two year treatment, were selected. Those who had never received anti-TNFα therapy were selected as controls. Information regarding age, sex, weight, duration of CD, use of glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates, and signs of disease activity at the time of densitometric measurement were collected. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) within femoral neck and lumbar spine. Results are reported as g/cm2 and presented either as Z-score or as a T-score. Results The study group has characterised a mean value BMI (Body Mass Index)—24. The group of patients with anti-TNFαα therapy showed an average T-score left femur −0.7744 (CD) and −0.4382 (UC), but without anti-TNFα therapy −0.6636 (CD) and −0.2208 (UC). The entire study group showed a mean value t-score left femur of −0.54286. There were no significant statistical differences between the examined groups and the effect of anti-TNFα therapy on BMI, T-score left femur, T-score L2–L4 Conclusion The results of the preliminary study assessing the effect of anti-TNFα therapy on bone mineral density among the two treatment groups (CD and UC) do not indicate significant differences after the introduction of such therapy

scholarly journals Evaluation of groundwater supply potential from hydraulic parameters estimated from vertical electrical sounding (VES) in Ikeduru, south east Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Nwosu Jacinta Chiemela ◽  
Leonard I Nwosu ◽  
Godwin O Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Resistivity Sounding ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Supply Potential ◽  
Soil Corrosivity ◽  
Very High

A Vertical Electrical resistivity Sounding (VES) survey was carried out, to study the groundwater supply potential, protective capacity and soil corrosivity of aquifers in Ikeduru Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) geoelectric soundings were acquired. Schlumberger electrode configuration was used in acquiring the data. Six to seven geoelectric layers were delineated from the interpreted results, the Aquifers were delineated between the fifth and sixth geoelectric layers, having an apparent resistivity above 1000Ωm, with the highest thick of 69.0m at a depth of 144.0m. Longitudinal Conductance, Hydraulic Conductivity, Transmissivity and Product Conductance range are as followings for the aquifers; 1.720 – 127.000 x 10-3Ω-1, 15.90 – 188.79m/day, 1093.3 – 1097.1m2/day and 2.590 – 252.50 x 10-3 respectively. Inferring from our hydraulic parameters, all the aquiferous zones have very high designation, wwithdrawal of great regional importance of groundwater supply potential and practically noncorrosive, soil corrosivity. 40% percentage of the aquiferous units have very good protective capacity, while for excellent and good protective capacity of the study are is 30%. All the VES points are said to be a very viable potential for safe source for groundwater exploration.  

scholarly journals Assessment Of The Protective Capacity Of Vadoze Zone Over Aquifer Systems Using Secondary Geoelectrical Parameters: A Case Study Of Kaltungo Area North East, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Y. Mbiimbe ◽  
I.B. Goni ◽  
J.M. El-Nafaty ◽  
A.U. Yuguda
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
North East ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Vadoze Zone

An assessment of the protective capacity of the vadose zone overlying the aquifer systems in the Kaltungo area was carried out to determine its influence on groundwater quality. Applying the schlumberger array with a maximum electrode spread AB/2 = 100m through VES, thirty water well points were surveyed using  Omega terrameter (PIOSO1) resistivity meter. The field data was first subjected to manual interpretation through curve marching and then digitized modeled curves using computer software. The interpreted data revealed that the area is characterized by eleven different curve types representing three to five geo electrical layers. In order to assess the protective capacity of the vadoze zone over the aquifer systems, the longitudinal conductance (S) and transverse resistance (T) (secondary geoelectric parameters) were computed from the primary data using the Dar Zarouk formula. The values of S obtained range from 0.0018 to 0.4056 ohms with a mean value of 0.0135 ohms while the values of T range from 0.55 ohms to 1195.68 ohms with a mean value of 39.84 ohms. The values of S and T obtained reveal that 90% of probed points has poor protective capacity, 10 % has moderate protective capacity and 83 % has high transmissivity, 17 % has intermediate transmissivity. The T and S values are skewed towards poorly protective capacity thus making groundwater in the area highly vulnerable to contamination from the surface. To achieve good groundwater quality in the area, proper completion of newly constructed wells should install protective casing through the entire vadose zone.

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