Oil Sorption Performance of Sorbent Materials Examined Under Static and Dynamic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Emmanuel E. Anwana ◽  
Oluseyi E. Ewemoje
Keyword(s):  
Marine Water ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Sorbent Material ◽  
Sorption Efficiency ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Static Conditions

Oil spill cleanup and subsequent restoration of the environment is majorly a function of spill cleanup methods applied. Some of these methods, though efficient, are, however, very expensive and require more personnel for their application and relative deployment in the field. The study was aimed at examining the efficiency of a locally and readily available, eco-friendly and low cost agricultural waste (coconut husk coir) as sorbent materials for spilled engine oil cleanup under static and dynamic marine water conditions. The sorbent material was prepared and used in three forms: raw coconut husk coir (CHC), modified coconut husk coir (MCHC), and reused coconut husk coir (RCHC). Under static and dynamic marine water conditions, oil sorption batch equilibrium experiments were used to study the engine oil sorption capacity and efficiency of the sorbent. Effects of sorbent dosage and sorption times on the oil sorption and efficiency of CHC, MCHC, and RCHC were studied and determined. At a constant sorption time of 60 minutes and varying sorbent dosages of 2-8 /320 ml of engine oil-marine water concentration, MCHC exhibited the highest oil sorption efficiency of 61.18% and 44.33% for dynamic and static conditions, CHC had 55.61% and 38.50% for dynamic and static conditions, whereas RCHC had 41.66% and 26.04% for dynamic and static conditions, respectively. It is statistically deduced from the results that sorption times and sorbent dosages have significant effects on the sorption efficiency of experimental coir for spilled engine oil removal. Though there is a need for proper blending or modifications of the sorbent material to enhance its affinity to oil and hydrophobicity, there are enough potentials in the materials for mild marine water current spilled engine oil cleanup.

Cogon Grass for Oil Sorption: Characterization and Sorption Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Shariff Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Noor Inani Binti Baharuddin ◽  
Borhanuddin Ariffin ◽  
Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah ◽  
Nesamalar Kantasamy
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive, unwanted grass was used and evaluated for its applicability for the sorption of engine oil. Other than dried and ground for smaller size, no notable treatment was performed on the cogon grass. The physical and chemical properties of cogon grass were characterized by ash content, bulk density, pH slurry, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The oil sorption was performed in a batch adsorption system. The effects of contact time, dosage of adsorbent and oil retention were investigated. The bulk density and ash content of the prepared carbon was 0.34 g/ml and 7.80 %, respectively. The pH slurry value was near neutrality (6.48). FESEM micrograph of cogon grass showed jagged and rough surface. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of aromatic rings of lignin and some aromatic compounds associated with CH. Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN) analysis revealed that 41% of cogon grass consists of carbon. The cogon grass was observed to wet oil almost instantly with sorption equilibrium time of 5 min. The dose of cogon grass was found to slightly affect the sorption capacity. Oil retention experiments reveal the good ability of cogon grass to hold oil with about 96% retention after 24 h dripping. This study may provide an insight on the usefulness of cogon grass for removal of engine oils.

Oil and Water Absorption Behavior of TPU/Natural Fibers Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Nor Azwin Ahad ◽  
Fatin Zalila Rozali ◽  
Nurul Husna Rosli ◽  
Nur Idzwan Hafizi Hanif ◽  
Noraziana Parimin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Fruit Skin

Fruit skins are waste and natural fibers which are processed from it can be used as filler material in polymer composites. These natural fibers are surely inexpensive, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. In the other hand, natural fibers are chemically hydrophilic and absorb water. Their nature which are rich cellulose making it hydrophilic in nature. Besides their nature to water, the ability of natural fibers to absorb oil also interesting to be studied. In this paper, natural fibers from several types of fruit skin were used as filler in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The fibers from pineapple skin, coconut shell, coconut husk, corn cob, rambutan, mangoesteen and banana with the percentage of 15% and 20% were incorporated with TPU through melt mixing technique. Every type of natural fiber will absorb oil and water at different rate, as well as the effect of filler content in the composite. Overall, the absorption of water and oil increased its percentage when the filler content increases. Rambutan, pineapple and banana absorb more water than others at 20% filler content in the TPU. Pineapple and rambutan also tend to absorb more engine oil.

Characterization and Evaluation of Sorbent Materials Obtained from Orange Peel as an Alternative of Sustainable Materials for Water Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karen Tovar ◽  
María José Arano ◽  
Obed Domínguez ◽  
Irma Robles
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Sorption Equilibrium ◽  
Sorbent Material ◽  
Sorbent Materials

Abstract Sorbent orange peel based materials activated using NaOH and H3PO4 were prepared and evaluated in order to compare sorbent efficiency, and related to their physicochemical properties. Results of physicochemical characterization demonstrated there are significant changes on surface that promotes an adsorption behavior depending on the activation method. FTIR analysis shows decreasing signal of water at 3422 cm−1 of water, hemicellulose and pectin due to activation process, another decreasing signal is observed at at 1626 cm−1 for CC bond, while an increasing pick is observed at 1435 cm−1 which corresponds to methoxyl groups belonging to cellulosic compounds. Analysis of sorption equilibrium indicated 78 % of methyl orange sorption in orange dry peel (OP) which was sorbed after 5 hour, compared to 84 % and 98 % using 0.1 M activated sorbent material 2(AM2) and 0.6 M activated sorbent material 3 (AM3) H3PO4 respectively, this process was carried out during the first 90 min of sorption process. NaOH activated sorbent material 1 (AM1) promoted 20 % to 65 % sorption. orange dry peel (OP), activated sorbent material 2 (AM2) and activated sorbent material 3 (AM3) obeyed a pseudo-second order kinetic model, while activated sorbent material 1 (AM1) obeys a pseudo-first order model. Sorption equilibrium of methyl orange resulted as follows, orange dry peel (OP) followed a Freundlich equilibrium model, activated sorbent material 1 (AM1) a Langmuir model, while activated sorbent material 2 (AM2) and activated sorbent material 3 (AM3) to Hill model. Activated sorbent materials with H3PO4 showed 750–770 mg/g of methyl orange which represent high sorption capacities. Orange peel sorbent material previously activated with H3PO4 represents a good alternative to reduce water pollution, and also residues of orange peel could be reduced by this alternative treatment.

scholarly journals Chemical Modification of Banana Trunk Fibers for the Production of Green Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Kathiresan V. Sathasivam ◽  
Mas Rosemal Hakim Mas Haris ◽  
Shivkanya Fuloria ◽  
Neeraj Kumar Fuloria ◽  
Rishabha Malviya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oil Uptake ◽  
Oil Sorption

Natural fibers have proven to be excellent reinforcing agents in composite materials. However, a critical disadvantage of natural fibers is their hydrophilic nature. In this study, banana trunk fibers were mechanically damaged using a high-speed blender, and the resulting fibers (MDBTF) were treated with (i) stearic acid (SAMDBTF) and (ii) calcium carbonate coated with 5% (wt/wt) stearic acid (SACCMDBTF). The moisture sorption, oil sorption and thermal properties of the fibers were determined. The morphology, roughness and the functional groups present were also investigated. Study data of the present study indicate that SACCMDBTF exhibited a faster oil sorption capacity than SAMDBTF. Fast uptake of the oil occurred during the first 5 min, whereby the quantity of oil sorbed in SAMDBTF and SACCMDBTF was 5.5 and 15.0 g oil g−1 fiber, respectively. The results of a used engine oil uptake study revealed that SAMDBTF and SACCMDBTF sorbed 9.5 and 18.3 g/g-1 fiber, respectively, at equilibrium. The obtained results suggest that the mechanically damaged process improved the thermal stability of the fibers. This work reveals that the inclusion of stearic-acid-coated calcium carbonate into the interstices of MDBTF yields is environmentally safe for green hydrophobic composites. SACCMDBTF are used as efficient adsorbents for the removal of spilled oil on aqueous media.

scholarly journals On Deck Oil Spill Clean-Up Materials – Solution for Engine Rooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ubowska ◽  
Katarzyna Jowtuch
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Natural Sorbents ◽  
Intended Application ◽  
Sorbent Material ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sorbent Materials

Abstract The presence of flammable substances nearby hot surfaces in the engine rooms pose a fire hazard. Therefore the quick and effective removal of oil spills from these areas is of utmost importance. The simplest way is to use sorbent materials having the capacity to absorb oil substances. Oil sorbents comprise of a wide range of organic, inorganic and synthetic products. The choice of form and type of sorbent material depends on the intended application: type of spill, its size and location. The article describes the results of studies aimed to compare the absorbency of selected natural and synthetic sorbents in the context of their application in case of an oil spill in the engine room. Although the natural sorbents should not be used in water, because they absorb it and can in addition contaminate the seabed, they can be used to remove oil spills on the ship. After used they can be disposed on the ship by burning.

scholarly journals Phase Uncertainty in Digital Holographic Microscopy Measurements in the Presence of Solution Flow Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S Brand
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Static Conditions

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a surface topography measurement technique with reported sub-nanometer vertical resolution. Although it has been made commercially available recently, few studies have evaluated the uncertainty or noise in the phase measurement by the DHM. As current research is using the DHM to monitor surface topography changes of dissolving materials under flowing water conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of water and flow rate on the uncertainty in the measurement. Uncertainty in this study was concerned with the temporal standard deviation per pixel of the reconstructed phase. Considering the effects of solution flow rate, magnification, objective lens type (air or immersion), and experimental configuration, measurements under static conditions in air and in water with an immersion lens yielded the smallest amount of uncertainty (mean of ≤ 0.5 nm up to 40× magnification). Increasing the water flow rate resulted in an increase in mean uncertainty to ≤ 0.6 nm up to 40× with an immersion lens. Observations of a sample through a glass window at 20× magnification in flowing water also yielded increasing uncertainty, with mean values of ≤ 0.5 nm, ≤ 0.8 nm, and ≤ 1.1 nm for flow rates of 0 mL min−1, 15 mL min−1, and 33 mL min−1. Different hologram acquisition rates (12.5 s−1 and 25 s−1) did not significantly impact the uncertainty in the phase. Collecting holograms in single-wavelength versus dual-wavelength modes did impact the uncertainty, with the mean uncertainty at 10× magnification for the same wavelength being ≤ 0.5 nm from the single-wavelength mode compared to ≤ 1.5 nm from the dual-wavelength mode. When the quantified uncertainty was applied to simulated dissolution data, lower limits of measured dissolution rates were found below which the measured data may not be distinguishable from the uncertainty in the measurement. The limiting surface-normal dissolution velocity is −10−11.7 m s−1 for experiments with an immersion lens in flowing water conditions and −10−11.7 m s−1, −10−11.4 m s−1, and −10−11.0 m s−1 for static (0 mL min−1), slow (≤ 15 mL min−1), and fast (≤ 109 mL min−1) flowing water conditions in experiments with a glass window, respectively. The data presented by this study will allow for better experimental design and methodology for future dissolution or precipitation studies using DHM and will provide confidence in the data produced in postprocessing.

Thermally Activated Clay to Compete Zeolite for Seawater Desalination

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edy Wibowo ◽  
Mamat Rokhmat ◽  
Sutisna ◽  
Riri Murniati ◽  
Khairurrijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Sorbent Material ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Sorbent Materials

We have developed sorbent materials for seawater desalination using different natural materials such as zeolite, clay, soil, coral, and chitosan. The materials were initially activated at temperature range of 200 °C to 600 °C for 3 hours. The greatest salinity reduction was obtained using either activated-zeolite (at 200 °C) or activated-soil (at 600 °C). Surprisingly, thermally activated-soil showed similar efficiency to that of the activated-zeolite. This finding concluded that soil might be a candidate of novel sorbent material to substitute zeolite, the material that is commonly used as sorbent material. Further investigation is in progress to find the optimum method for obtaining the greatest sorption.

INFLUENCE OF MARINE WATER CONDITIONS ON SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM SURVIVAL

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
SELMA EL MEJRI ◽  
MONIA EL BOUR ◽  
IMEN BOUKEF ◽  
NAZEK AL GALLAS ◽  
RADHIA MRAOUNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

scholarly journals OIL REMOVAL FROM WATER BY FILTRATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Mažeikienė ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
Sigita Švedienė
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Sorbent Material ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
New Facilities

Oil-contaminated water is most commonly treated with sorbent materials. In this experimental study, a fibrous sorbent material Fibroil was used. The experiment was carried out with tap water and clarified stormwater. It was determined that the retention of contaminants is worse at high fow rates, which reduces the efficiency of treatment. Sorbent materials retain suspended solids and reduce water turbidity; thus, the water must be clarified and pretreated before it is supplied to the sorption fillings. For the efficient use of sorbent material properties, the concentration of suspended solids in water supplied to the filter must be below 20 mg/L, while water turbidity must be below 15 NTU and the flow rate must be below 20 m/h. If the pressure loss in the sorption filler increases to 25 cm, it can be predicted that the oil concentration after treatment would exceed permissible environmental requirements (5 mg/L). The derived sorption and hydraulic properties of the material can be used to evaluate the efficiency of existing operative stormwater treatment plants as well as to design new facilities.

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