Cogon Grass for Oil Sorption: Characterization and Sorption Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Shariff Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Noor Inani Binti Baharuddin ◽  
Borhanuddin Ariffin ◽  
Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah ◽  
Nesamalar Kantasamy
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive, unwanted grass was used and evaluated for its applicability for the sorption of engine oil. Other than dried and ground for smaller size, no notable treatment was performed on the cogon grass. The physical and chemical properties of cogon grass were characterized by ash content, bulk density, pH slurry, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The oil sorption was performed in a batch adsorption system. The effects of contact time, dosage of adsorbent and oil retention were investigated. The bulk density and ash content of the prepared carbon was 0.34 g/ml and 7.80 %, respectively. The pH slurry value was near neutrality (6.48). FESEM micrograph of cogon grass showed jagged and rough surface. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of aromatic rings of lignin and some aromatic compounds associated with CH. Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN) analysis revealed that 41% of cogon grass consists of carbon. The cogon grass was observed to wet oil almost instantly with sorption equilibrium time of 5 min. The dose of cogon grass was found to slightly affect the sorption capacity. Oil retention experiments reveal the good ability of cogon grass to hold oil with about 96% retention after 24 h dripping. This study may provide an insight on the usefulness of cogon grass for removal of engine oils.

scholarly journals Testing Engine Oil Specifications and Properties and its Effects on the Engines Maintenance and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Motor Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper presents the results of practical mechanical tests of motor oils, their specifications and characteristics and the effect of their physical and chemical properties on the performance of the engine. The performance of the engine has a strong relation with the engine oil type and efficiency. The degree of stability of oils properties is very important because if oil or lubricants lose their properties, mechanical and chemical excessive corrosion of the motor metals may occur. Consequently, damage occurs to one or more parts of the engine, thereby the system is breaking down where the cost of downtime is too expensive. It has been found that a higher viscosity value is not the optimum as it increases temperature and energy consumption due to frictional losses. The values required for viscosity is the ideals that gives the stable results regardless temperature variations under any conditions of operation, at which the power losses are minimal and the fuel economy is optimal.

The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri ◽  
Pratiwi PRATIWI ◽  
Yosep Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Fajri M, Pratiwi, Ruslim Y. 2020. The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3454-3462.  Shorea macrophylla is a tree species in Tane' Olen forest area. This study analyzed the soil’s physical and chemical properties, topography, and microclimate of S. macrophylla’s habitat. A purposive method was used to select a sampling plot and to place the subplots. Soil was analyzed to determine the physical properties, i.e., texture, bulk density, porosity, and water content, and the chemical properties, i.e., pH, CEC, total N, organic C, C/N ratio, P, K , and Al saturation. Importance value index was determined for each tree species to know the species composition in the study site. Only the dominant species were presented. The soil at the study site had bulk density of 0.60-1.31 gram cm³-1, porosity 50.60%-77.35%, water content 34.88%-95.37%, and soil texture sandy clay. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH was 3.6-4.8, N 0.05%-0.19%, organic C 1.40%-3.65%, P 0.41-1.22 mg 100 gr-1, K 58.68-232.55 mg 100 gr-1, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 5.35-10.81 meg 100gr -1. Slope ranged between 0 and 25%. The microclimate characteristics were as follows: temperature was 24-26.5°C, relative humidity 76-87%, and light intensity 145-750 Lm. Trees species with an IVI ≥ 10% were S. macrophylla, Madhuca spectabilis, Myristica villosa Warb, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp., Macaranga triloba, Syzygium inophyllum and Shorea sp. Positive associations were observed between S. macropylla and S. borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp.. and M. triloba, and negative associations were observed between S. macropylla and M. spectabilis, M. villosa Warb, S. inophyllum, and Shorea sp. S. macrophylla grows on riversides with flat and gentle topography, acidic soil, and lower fertility but with suitable microclimate. This species can be recommended to be planted in degraded tropical forest areas but the microclimate and soil properties should be taken into account.

Removal of Mn(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Saponified Garlic Peel

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Wan He Zhao ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Hong Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Garlic Peel

The removal of Mn (II) ion by saponified garlic peel (S-GP) was investigated using batch adsorption. SEM and FT-IR were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of S-GP. The adsorption was evaluated as a function of initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity for Mn (II) was 0.51 mol/kg, and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model. Pseudo-second-order models fitted the experimental data well and kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacity and related correlation coefficients at various temperatures were calculated and discussed. A possible adsorption mechanism based on a cation exchange was proposed for the adsorption of Mn (II).

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI KADAR ABU DALAM PEMBUATAN MINYAK JARAK PAGAR TERVULKANISASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Santi Puspitasari ◽  
Hani Handayani ◽  
R. Siti Noviani Melinda ◽  
Yoharmus Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Optimization of Ash Content on the Synthesize of Vulcanized Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) Oil         Developments in the preparation of rubber compound formulations should be followed by a rubber compounder, especially in modifying the formula. Rubber compound composed of rubber as an elastomer and its chemical. Each ingredient has a specific function and influence to the properties of rubber articles. The research studied the formulation of vulcanized oil of Jatropha curcas to obtain the best quality in terms of ash content. The experiment begins with the characterization of Jatropha curcas oil and testing of ash content of each component in the formulation of vulcanized Jatropha curcas oil. The results was used as the basis for formulation of vulcanized Jatropha curcas oil components. Vulcanized Jatropha curcas oil was synthesized at the laboratory scale (100 g oil / batch) at 140OC temperature, agitation speed of 100 rpm, and the variation of dose Na2CO3 and ZnO (0.25; 0.50, and 0.75 pho). Vulcanized Jatropha curcas oil obtained were analyzed for visualization of physical and chemical properties. The experimental results showed that the lowest of ash content of vulcanized Jatropha curcas oil was of 1.24% obtained from the reaction by the addition of 0,25 pho of Na2CO3 and 0,50 pho of ZnO. This dose was defined as the optimal dose because it gived the ash content that meets the requirements of commercial vulcanized oil (max 1.5%).Keywords: Rubber compound, elastomer, Jatropha curcas oil ABSTRAK        Perkembangan teknik formulasi dalam penyusunan kompon karet harus dapat diikuti oleh rubber compounder terutama dalam memodifikasi formula tersebut. Kompon karet tersusun atas karet sebagai elastomer dan bahan kimianya. Setiap bahan kimia karet memiliki fungsi dan pengaruh yang spesifik terhadap sifat barang jadi karet. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari formulasi bahan dalam pembuatan minyak tervulkanisasi agar diperoleh mutu terbaik ditinjau dari segi kadar abu. Percobaan diawali dengan karakterisasi minyak jarak pagar dan pengujian kadar abu setiap komponen dalam formulasi minyak jarak pagar tervulkanisasi. Hasilnya digunakan sebagai dasar penyusunan formulasi komponen minyak jarak pagar tervulkanisasi. Minyak jarak pagar tervulkanisasi dibuat pada skala laboratorium (100 g minyak/batch) pada suhu 140oC, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm, dan variasi dosis Na2CO3 serta ZnO (0,25; 0,50; dan 0,75 bsm). Minyak jarak pagar yang diperoleh dianalisis visualisasi fisik dan sifat kimianya. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kadar abu minyak jarak pagar tervulaknisasi terendah sebesar 1,24% diperoleh dari reaksi dengan penambahan 0,25 bsm Na2CO3 dan 0,50 bsm ZnO. Dosis ini ditetapkan sebagai dosis optimal karena memberikan kadar abu yang memenuhi persyaratan minyak nabati tervulkanisasi komersial (maks 1,5%).Kata kunci: Kompon karet, elastomer, minyak jarak pagar

scholarly journals Physiochemical Characteristics of Functional Drinks Antidiarrhoe Tea-Leaf Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius BI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikabela Tifandi ◽  
Bhakti Etza Setiani ◽  
Siti Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Test Result

leaf suweg as a product of tea form believed be efficacious antidiarrheal so potentially as a funcional beverage. This research aims to know the physical and chemical character of tea-leaf products suweg packed in the form of sac. The product is divided into 5 types of formula such as F0 (100% tea powder), F1, F2, F3 (25%, 50%, and 75% suweg leaf substitution) and F4 (100% suweg) with 4 replications respectively. The results showed that the chemical properties of moisture content, ash content, and crude fiber content were not significantly different between the various formulas, while the highest tannin content was shown by F1 (p< 0.05). Physical test result that the state of steeping has met the SNI standard of tea powder where all formulas dissolveperfectly in water at 100C. The physical color test of steeping shows the sequence of dark brown (F0), faded brown (F1), brownis green (F2), green (F3) and clear green (F4). It can be conclude that the suweg tea product produced in this study have the same chemical characteristict with tea products in general except tannin conten, with he quality.keywords : tea, greentea leaves, suweg, functional drinks 

Corrigenda - The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
PP Cavanagh ◽  
AJ Koppi ◽  
AB Mcbratney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
PP Cavanagh ◽  
AJ Koppi ◽  
AB Mcbratney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

On the nature of soil aggregate coalescence in an irrigated swelling clay

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Grant ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
R. S. Murray ◽  
M. H. Chantigny ◽  
U. Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Weekly Cycles ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cracking Clays ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aggregate coalescence in irrigated cracking clays constrains crop yields, yet little is known about it or how it can be managed. A measure of coalescence is introduced to separate the effects of natural aggregate-bed densification from those of age-hardening; this measure, χ, comprises a ratio of the net change in (tensile or penetrometer) strength, Y, that occurs in relation to the corresponding net change in dry bulk density, ρb, as follows: χ = ΔY/Δρb. A laboratory study was conducted to illustrate the variation in χ for a virgin and cultivated cracking clay exposed to 16 weekly cycles of wetting and draining. Penetrometer resistance and tensile strength at –100 kPa, plus bulk density and other physical and chemical properties, were measured throughout the experiment. The cultivated soil rapidly became denser and stronger, it developed larger aggregates, and its water-uptake rate in the air-dry state was significantly greater than that for the virgin soil. The &chi; values suggested that age-hardening processes constituted a greater component of coalescence in the cultivated soil than it did in the virgin one, and this was thought to be mediated by the large differences in the content and composition of organic matter in the two soils.

scholarly journals SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COCOYAM YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A TROPICAL ALFISOL

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. ADEKIYA ◽  
S. O. OJENIYI ◽  
T. M. AGBEDE
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Tillage Methods ◽  
And Chemical Properties

SUMMARYExperimental data on tillage requirement of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are needed to identify the most suitable tillage methods for managing the fragile Alfisols of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity. Hence, five tillage methods were compared as to their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and growth and yield of cocoyam on an Alfisol at Owo in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria. The experiment consisted of five tillage methods: manual clearing (MC), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing + harrowing (P + H) and ploughing + harrowing twice (P + 2 H) were used for three years at two sites in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first two years (2007 and 2008), P + H produced the least soil bulk density and highest growth and yield, whereas in the third year (2009), MC produced the lowest soil bulk density and best performance of cocoyam. Manual clearing produced the best values of soil chemical properties in 2008 and 2009. Averaged over the three years, P + H, MR and MM had lower soil bulk density hence better growth and yield compared with P + 2 H and MC. Over the three years MC, MM, MR and P + H increased cocoyam cormel yield by 10, 21, 23 and 32%, respectively, over P + 2 H.The corresponding increases in corm yield were 7, 15, 13 and 21%, respectively. The multiple regressions revealed that bulk density and moisture content significantly influenced the yield of cocoyam. Soil chemical properties were not significant. Bulk density rather than soil chemical properties dictated the performance of cocoyam in an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria. Soil quality was degraded by P + 2H. For small farms, either MR or MM is recommended while P + H is recommended for large-scale farming of cocoyam.

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