scholarly journals Epidemiological Clinical and Profile of Cranio-spinal Dysraphisms in Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemora Joseph Synèse ◽  
Andrianaivo Radotina Tony ◽  
Masina Ndalana d’Assise ◽  
Ratovondrainy Willy ◽  
Rabararijaona Mamiarisoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Early Management ◽  
The Mean

Cranio-spinal dysraphisms are a set of congenital malformations resulting from a defect in closing the neural tube during embryonic development. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological-clinical profile of these malformations in Madagascar. It was a retrospective, descriptive study and metacentric from January 01, 2016 to December 31, 2018; all cases of cranio-spinal dysraphisms seen in two neurosurgery centers in Madagascar. We have collected 32 cases of cranio-spinal dysraphisms. The hospital prevalence was 0.37%. Among these children, the mean age was 8.48 months with an extreme of 1 day to 6 years; there was a feminine predominance (53,12%), with a sex ratio of 0.88. The absence of maternal intake of folic acid, the intake of folic acid outside the recommended periods, the birth order of the children and maternal pathologies during pregnancy were found as etiology. Cranial topography predominated in 56.25% (18 cases) and 68.75% of the children were asymptomatic. An association with hydrocephalus was found in 31.25% of cases. Prevention of known risk factors is essential, antenatal diagnosis is important for early management and improved prognosis. The treatment is surgical.

scholarly journals Sudden death of adults in Togo: Autopsy results of a series of 318 cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchin Darre ◽  
Toukilnan Djiwa ◽  
Gado Napo-Koura
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Cerebral Involvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the circumstances of occurrence of these sudden deaths, risk factors, to identify the causes of sudden death in adults at autopsy. Results: A total of 318 sudden death cases were recorded. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.8, and the mean age was 43 ± 0.36 years. Sudden deaths were the second most common reason for autopsies after traffic accidents. The place of death was home in 76.7% of cases and in hospitals in 23.3%. Obesity was noted in 59.4%, with an umbilical adipose panicle varying between 7 and 12 cm thick. Cardiovascular causes excluding cerebral involvement (n=173cases, 54.40%) followed by pulmonary causes (n=100 cases, 31.44%) were the most common cause of sudden death. The predominant cardiac pathology was infarction accounting for 32.07% of all causes of sudden death, and pulmonary embolism with 19.49% was the leading cause at the pulmonary level.

scholarly journals Neural tube defects: Sex ratio changes after fortification with folic acid

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0193127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Poletta ◽  
Monica Rittler ◽  
Cesar Saleme ◽  
Hebe Campaña ◽  
Juan A. Gili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects

scholarly journals Exploratory study of risk factors for congenital malformations in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khenata Forci ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Alami ◽  
El Arbi Bouaiti ◽  
Meriem Slaoui ◽  
Asmaa Mdaghri Ala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Health Hospital

Abstract Background: The aim of the study is to describe the teratogenic risk factors of congenital malformations in a large sample from the Moroccan population.Methods: It is a descriptive epidemiological study conducted between January 1st, 2011 and June 31th, 2016 at the "Les Orangers" maternity and reproductive health hospital in Rabat, Morocco.The data were collected on pre-established sheets and on the hospital’s malformations register.Results: A total of 245 cases of congenital malformations were recorded out of a total of 43923 births with a prevalence of 5.58 per thousand.Women over 35 years represent 24.1% of all cases. Consanguinity was found in 22.4% of cases, maternal diabetes in 7%, Fenugreek and herbs intake in 28.6%, and medication in 2.8%. Almost all of women (97.5%) are of low to moderate socio-economic level. Antenatal diagnosis was performed in only 28.6% of cases.Conclusion: Causes and risk factors of congenital malformations are diverse, which requires the application of large preventive and therapeutic approaches. However, the identification of risk factors specific to each country is necessary to establish specific preventive measures.

Clinical profile of patients hospitalized for delirium

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S704-S704
Author(s):  
F. Smaoui ◽  
M. Frikha ◽  
I. Bouchhima ◽  
O. Hdiji ◽  
N. Farhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Medical Histories

IntroductionDelirium is a common clinical syndrome characterized by acute disruption of all cognitive and behavioural functions.Objectives– Draw up an epidemiological and clinical profile of patients hospitalised for delirium;– Assess different pathologies involved.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective and descriptive study, in the neurology department at Habib Bourguiba university hospital, Sfax, Tunisia, at the period from 2009 to 2013. We included 52 patients hospitalised for delirium. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from patient files.ResultsThe mean age was 66.5 years. The majority (73.1%) were elderly patients (> = 60 years). Sex-ratio (M/F) was 1.73. It was the first episode in 96.2%.Medical histories were cardiovascular in 55.8%, endocrinal in 25%, neurological in 11.5% and psychiatric in 13.5%. The beginning of the signs was brutal in 55.8% of cases. The reported symptoms were: disorientation in time and space (76.9%) and behaviour disturbance (63.5%), memory disorder (23.1%), headaches (26.9%) and hallucinations (17.3%). Organic etiologies were noted in 75% of cases: vascular 42.30%, metabolic 11.50%, infectious 11.5%, tumoral 3.9% and iatrogenic 3.8%. Delirium grafted on dementia was retained in 5.8% of cases.ConclusionDelirium is associated with increased mortality. Its prevention is essential and requires recognition of risk situations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Suicide Among Chinese Schizophrenics in Hong Kong

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Cheng ◽  
C. M. Leung ◽  
W. H. Lo ◽  
T. H. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suicidal Ideas ◽  
History Of Depression

A descriptive study of suicides in 74 Chinese schizophrenic out-patients (43 male) is presented. The mean age at death was 31.3 years. The mean duration of illness was 8.5 years and 50 of the 74 died within ten years of onset of illness. Only five lived alone; 35 were openly employed and 20 were married at the time of death. Twenty had a history of depression, and 27 had attempted suicide previously. More females had been depressed or had attempted suicide than males. Over half were last admitted for reasons other than schizophrenic symptoms alone and ten died within one month of discharge. Eight of 71 patients followed up expressed suicidal ideas at the last psychiatric contact, but only 15 were symptomatic. Jumping was the commonest method used. Analytical studies are needed to identify risk factors in Chinese schizophrenics.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Neural Tube Defects and Associated Risk Factors at Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Gedefaw ◽  
Sisay Teklu ◽  
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence

There is scarcity of data on prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in lower-income countries. Local data are important to understand the real burden of the problem and explore risk factors to design and implement preventive approaches. This study aimed to determine prevalence and risk factors of NTDs. A hospital-based cross-sectional and unmatched case-control study was conducted at three teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa University. NTDs were defined as cases of anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele based on ICD-10 criteria. The prevalence of NTDs was calculated per 10,000 births for both birth and total prevalence. During seven months, we observed 55 cases of NTDs out of 8677 births after 28 weeks of gestation—birth prevalence of 63.4 per 10,000 births (95% confidence interval (CI), 51–77). A total of 115 cases were medically terminated after 12 weeks of gestation. Fifty-six of these terminations (48.7%) were due to NTDs. Thus, total prevalence of NTDs after 12 weeks’ gestation is 126 per 10,000 births (95% CI, 100–150). Planned pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24–0.92), male sex (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33–0.94), normal or underweight body mass index (aOR, 0.49; 95%, 0.29–0.95), and taking folic acid or multivitamins during first trimester (aOR, 0.47; 95%, 0.23–0.95) were protective of NTDs. However, annual cash family income less than $1,300 USD (aOR, 2.5; 95%, 1.2–5.5), $1,300–1,800 USD (aOR, 2.8; 95%, 1.3–5.8), and $1,801–2,700 USD (aOR, 2.6; 95%, 1.2–5.8) was found to be risk factors compared to income greater than $2,700 USD. The prevalence of NTDs was found to be high in this setting. Comprehensive preventive strategies focused on identified risk factors should be urgently established. More studies on prevention strategies, including folic acid supplementations, should be conducted in the setting.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical pattern of patients attending a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria: A five-year retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu Sale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Pattern ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Psychiatric disorders contribute significantly to disability worldwide. The various risk factors associated with their prevalence and outcomes are also influenced by the region individuals live in. This study was carried out to assess the sociodemographic and clinical pattern of patients attending a neuropsychiatric hospital. It was a retrospective descriptive study of patients managed for psychiatric disorders at the hospital. Medical case notes of 246 patients were selected by simple random sampling. A sociodemographic and clinical variables questionnaire was designed to collate the data. The mean age of patients was 29.1 years and consisted mostly of young adults. There was approximately an equal number of patients of both genders. Approximately 66.3% of the patients were married, and 98.4% had no formal education. More than half were unemployed and a great number (37.4%) was being managed for epilepsy. The report of a family history of mental illness was relatively low compared to other studies. The sociodemographic and clinical pattern of mental disorders are embedded in the regional and cultural settings patients find themselves and this may lead to unique or differing risk factors across study settings.

scholarly journals Antenatal and postnatal diagnoses of visible congenital malformations in a sub-Saharan African setting: a prospective multicenter cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kamla ◽  
Nelly Kamgaing ◽  
Serge Billong ◽  
Joel Noutakdie Tochie ◽  
Paul Tolefac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Obstetrical Ultrasound ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Visible congenital malformations (VCMs) are one of the principal causes of disability in the world. Prenatal diagnosis is a paramount mandatory integral part of the follow up of pregnancies with VCM of the foetus in high-income setting. We aimed to determine the incidence of prenatal diagnosis of VCMs in a low-resource setting with no policy on antenatal diagnosis of VCMs. Methods We carried out a prospective cohort multicenter study from July 2015 to June 2016 in 10 randomly selected maternity units of Yaoundé, Cameroon. We enrolled all newborns with one or more detectable VCMs at birth. Variables studied were findings of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters’ obstetrical ultrasound scans, in order to establish a concordance between the clinical and sonographic diagnoses of the VCMs and determine the frequency of antenatal diagnosis as well as the rate of medical abortion. Results The incidence of VCMs was 9 per 1000 births. The main VCMs were malformations of the skeletal (4.3%), neurological (2.2%), and gastrointestinal (2.1%) systems. The sex ratio was 1.1. Among the malformed newborns, 37% were premature and in 18.5% the diagnosis of a VCM was confirmed after a therapeutic termination of pregnancy (following suggestive findings of a malformation on antenatal ultrasound scan). The prevalence of sonographic antenatal diagnosis of VCMs was 21%. Hydrocephalus was the most diagnosed VCM antenatally. The mean gestational age at which antenatal clinics were initiated was 15 ± 5 weeks. The mean number of obstetrical ultrasound scans performed was two. Conclusion The incidence of VCMs in our resource-limited setting is high and antenatal diagnosis rates are very low. Overall, our study emphasizes on the importance antenatal diagnosis of VCMs, often overlooked in our setting. The goal being to reduce maternal and foetal morbidity in a setting already burdened by a high maternal and neonatal mortality.

scholarly journals AB0611 OSTEOPOROSIS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A NECESSARY EVIL?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1341.1-1341
Author(s):  
S. Athimni ◽  
S. Bouden ◽  
A. Ben Tekaya ◽  
A. Dghais ◽  
O. Saidane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Mean

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by local and general bone loss. Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most frequent comorbidities associated with RA. Many factors are incriminated in bone loss in RA such as inflammation, glucocorticoid (GC) use, and immobility.Objectives:-To determine the prevalence of OP in a population of actual RA patients.-To determine the risk factors of bone mineral density (BMD) reductionMethods:One hundred-fifty-two RA followed in the rheumatology department between 2015-2020 were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of RA was established according to the American College of rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria 2010. BMD in lumbar spine and total hip was systematically measured in the recruited patients. Measures were taken with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and age-specific values were compared with pooled values from a local population of healthy subjects free from earlier fractures.Results:The mean age was 42.7±13 years. The sex ratio M/F was 0.24. The mean onset disease was 6±1.8 years. Fifty-sex patients (36.3%) were receiving conventional treatment DMARDs and 96 (63.6%) were under biological treatment. 35.5% were taken steroids with mean doses at 7.7±3.3mg/day. RF and ACPA were positive respectively in 87.3% and 82.4% of the patients. The mean disease activity score DAS28CRP was 4.8 ±2.7.Sixty-eight point eight 68.8% of the RA population had bone loss: 37.5% had osteopenia and 31.3% had OP. Regarding the OP group, sex ratio M/F was 0.45. The mean age was 42±5.3 years. Among the 31 women, 77.4% had postmenopausal OP. The BMI average was 31.18 ± 6.19 kg/m2. Fifteen patients (33.33%) had OP in the hip site and 20 patients had OP in the lumbar site (48.8%). Ten patients had both trabecular and cortical OP.Advanced age, glucocorticoid use and high DAS28CRP were independent risk factors for OP (respectively p=0.04, p=0.02 and p=0.01). Body mass index, smoking, disease duration high Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score (p=0.545) and smoking (p=0.326) were not associated with high risk of OP. The biological treatment was not a protective factor in OP (p=0.972). All the population subjects were free from earlier fractures, the fractural risk estimated by dint of the mean FRAXTM score was at 1.4 ± 2.3.Conclusion:Previous studies estimated that, approximately, osteoporosis affected one-third of RA patients which is in concordance with our study. Advanced age, glucorticoid treatment and severe disease were the most common risk factor in our study.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Folate and Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: New Insights from a Bayesian Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ströhle ◽  
Torsten Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Folate Status

Abstract. Maternal folate status before and during pregnancy influences a woman’s risk of having a pregnancy affected by congenital malformations of the neural tube (neural tube defects, NTD). For NTD prevention, it is recommended that women use periconceptional supplementation of folic acid. However, the recommended dose varies considerably (400 - 800 µg folic acid/day). Insufficient data exists on the relation between folate status and the risk of NTD. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal provides evidence for a generalizable dose-response relation between folate status and risk of NTD. The lowest risk of having a child with NTD was related to red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations of ≥ 1000 nmol/L.

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