scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening (Qualitative Analysis) of Cacao Leaves (Theobroma cacao L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesty Parbuntari ◽  
Yona Prestica ◽  
Rizki Gunawan ◽  
Meri Novia Nurman ◽  
Fransiska Adella
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

One of the important processes of cocoa plants growing is pruning. It aims to eliminate sick, broken, or the appearance of water buds disturbing the cacao production. The period of pruning is varios. The various periods of pruning lead to leave wide waste of leaves, stems, and twigs. Yet the waste would not been used to other activities, only a small portion of the waste used as natural fuel (stems and twigs) and cocoa leaves waste as animal feed. Phytochemicals naturally present in every part of plants range from leaves, stem bark, fruits to roots. Secondary metabolites are natural products from plants which include alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, sapponin compounds, etc. This study performed some phytochemical characterisations. It have confirmed that cacoa leaves consist some of bioactives compounds which are potential for furhter activities in pharmaceutical disease.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KULIT BIJI KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L) MENJADI PRODUK COOKIES COKLAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumriah Langkong ◽  
Meta Mahendradatta ◽  
Mulyati M Tahir ◽  
Nurlaila Abdullah ◽  
Marina Reski
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Process Product

Cocoa bean husk is one of the product of cocoa which is only utilized as animal feed and has low economic value. Economic value of cocoa bean husks can be enhanced by extracting the husk using methanol into powder and applied to a process product namely cookies. Cookies are types of biscuit which are made from soft dough, high in fat and relatively crisp. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of powder that was added and its impact to the cookies product. The analysis was done for sensory test, moisture content, fat content and protein content. The result showed that water content ranged from 2.39% - 4.85%. Fat content ranged from 7.57% - 8.64%, and ash content ranged from 0.73% - 2.02%. In the organoleptic test, the color and odor which were preferred by the panelists was treatment A0 (control) whereas the taste and texture was treatment A1 (addition of 5% powder).

scholarly journals Possible Antioxidant and Haematinic Properties of the Stem Bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
B. O. Oluwatayo ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
C. C. Wali ◽  
O. A. Olayanju ◽  
A. E. J. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Background: This study investigated the potential antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 126 g – 224 g were grouped randomly into 4groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received water while groups 2, 3 and 4 rats were given 1000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg b.wt of the extract respectively for 28days. On the 29th day, the rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for analysis of some haematological parameters, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidant activities. Results: The results obtained showed that there was significant increase (p<0.001) in SOD, Catalase activities and MDA levels in a dose dependent manner. The results also showed significant increase (p<0.001) in RBC Group 2, 3 and 4 rats when compared to the Group1. Significant increase was also observed in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) level in group 2 and 3 rats (p<0.001). Mean corpuscular volume was significantly increased in group 2 rats (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study showed the antioxidant and hematinic potentials of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L.The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. has a potential antioxidative and hematinic effects in Wistar rats. This is largely due to its rich phytochemical and nutritive contents. Further research work will be needed to see the possible application of these properties in humans.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Potential and Phytochemical Screening of Bombax ceiba L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth Depani ◽  
Kamlesh Gadhvi ◽  
Suhas Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Different Parts

Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is showing important and significant values to society. One of the important trees growing in the Panchmahal region, Bombax ceiba, has immersed medicinal values sited in few kinds of literature. Local populations utilizing various parts of Bombax ceiba as medicines are to be known scientifically through traditional inputs. The present study was undertaken to emphasis the secondary metabolites present in different parts of B. ceiba growing region in Panchmahal, district. Traditional information about plant/tree in generally available related to leaves, trunk, root, fruits etc. the current study deals with knowledge of flowers along with thereof B. ceiba growing in Panchmahal district. Investigation for qualitative analysis of thorn, petals, and androecium was carried out for the tree B. ceiba growing in Panchamahal district.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Theobroma cacao L. stem bark ethanol extract and its fractions in experimental models

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabitiu A. Oyeleke ◽  
Abayomi M. Ajayi ◽  
Solomon Umukoro ◽  
A.O. Aderibigbe ◽  
Olusegun George Ademowo
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Sexual propagation of common Bahia cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) influenced by irrigation depths and the planting seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 1583-1588
Author(s):  
Robson Prucoli Posse ◽  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Francielly Valani ◽  
Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽  
Sophia Machado Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most economically important species due to its use in the production of chocolate, honey, pulp, animal feed, fertilizers, jellies, butter and cocoa powder. The production of seedlings such as through sexual propagation is the essential stage for the establishment of new cocoa crops, in which the seedlings are produced by seeds. This is the most commonly used method in cocoa. Several factors interfere with the final quality of the seedlings, such as the planting season and the irrigation management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths and planting seasons on the quality and growth of Bahia genotype cocoa seedlings produced through sexual propagation. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, in Colatina, located in the Northwest region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot scheme. The plots consisted of six different irrigation depths: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1 and the subplots, of three different planting seasons: autumn, winter and spring. At 50 days after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated for the following morphological characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, length of the root system, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson quality index. The production of Common Bahia genotype cacao seedlings is more effective in the irrigation depth of 9.44 mm d-1, demonstrating better development and higher plant quality.

scholarly journals Utilization of Cocoa Bean Husk Extract (Theobroma cacao L) on The Product Chocolate Cookies

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Jumriah Langkong ◽  
Meta Mahendradatta ◽  
Mulyati M. Tahir ◽  
Andi Nur Faidah Rahman ◽  
Nurlaila Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa bean husk is one of the byproducts of cocoa, which is only utilized as animal feed and low economic value. The economic value of cocoa bean husks can be enhanced by extracting the husk using methanol into a powder and applied to a product into cookies. Cookies are types of biscuit which are made from soft dough, high in fat and relatively crisp. The purpose of this study is to know the amount of powder that is added and its impact on the cookies product. The analysis was done for the sensory test.  In the organoleptic test, the color and odor which were preferred by the panelists was treatment A0 (control), whereas the taste and texture were treatment A1 (addition of 5% powder).

scholarly journals Rumen metabolic activities of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
Iflijar ◽  
S Wajizah ◽  
Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Abstract Cacao pod husk is a potential tropical resources that is widely utilized as animal feed. The presented study aimed to investigate rumen metabolic activities of (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time. A completely randomized factorial was applied in this study consisting of two factors; lingzhi mushroom concentration (K1 = 7.5%; K2 = 15%) and incubation time (L1 = 15 d; L2 =30 d; L3 = 45 d) with 3 replicates. All samples of cacao pod husk were analyzed to determine NH3 concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and gas production. Gas production was periodically collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation. The result of study indicated that there was significant interaction (P<0.01) between the concentration of G.lucidum and incubation time on NH3 concentration of rumen liquid. The highest concentration of NH3 was found at 7.5% G.lucidum concentration for 45 d incubation (14.70mM). G.lucidum concentration significantly affected (P<0.01) VFA concentration in which samples inoculated with the level of 7.5% G.lucidum was higher compared to that of 15% G.lucidum (125.16 mM vs 113.94 mM). This study concluded that cacao pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom at different concentration time influencing metabolic activities of the rumen.

scholarly journals Analysis of Secondary Metabolites as Potential Phytoalexins, Their Secretion Sites and Proposed Resistance Markers to Vascular Streak Dieback in Theobroma cacao L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Teguh Iman Santoso ◽  
Muhammad Miftahudin ◽  
Yohana C Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Suryo Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Susceptible Clone ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Study on resistance mechanism to vascular-streak dieback (VSD) disease in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is limited due to the lack of fungal spores for artificial inoculation. This research was conducted to study the production of secondary metabolites that appear to be evidence of defense signaling in resistant clone of Sca 6 and susceptible clone of TSH 858 to Ceratobasidium theobromae natural infection. A fungal staining method was employed to detect C. theobromae hyphae at early infection stages, before VSD symptoms appear. Metabolite profiling was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) at pre-, early and late stages of C. theobromae infection. Histochemical and anatomical characteristics of both healthy and infected leaves were also observed to identify the accumulation sites of secondary metabolites on and in cocoa leaf tissues. The results confirmed that fungal staining using trypan blue can detect early stages of C. theobromae infection; at the 14th week (on susceptible seedlings) and the 18th week (on resistant clones), following placement of the seedlings under infected cacao plants. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, environmental information processing signal transduction pathways, and aromatic biodegradation were detected as important metabolite pathways during defense mechanism. I-limonene (terpenoid), p-ethylguaiacol (phenols) and 2.3 dihidrobenzofuran (heterocyclic compounds) were proposed as an active defense produced by the host after infected by pathogen mainly on late infection of C. theobromae. Terpenoid and phenol compounds were accumulated on the glandular trichomes, idioblast of upper and bottom epidermis, phloem vessel and cortex idioblast of cacao leaves. Epidermis thickness of resistant clone was significantly greater than that of susceptible clone on both surfaces. Leaf epidermis tissue and the accumulated compounds in epidermis idioblast may act as the physical and biochemical markers of cocoa resistance to VSD.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and quantitative analysis of Ellagic acid: a tannin compound from Helicteres isora

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Ridhi Joshi ◽  
Ramraj Meena ◽  
Rishikesh Meena ◽  
Vidya Patni
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Helicteres Isora

Plant derived secondary metabolites have widely attracted humans with great interest due to their immense medicinal and pharmacological properties. Ellagic acid, a natural phenolic compound found in many fruits exhibits both antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity. Qualitative analysis of the plant samples of Helicteres isora showed the presence of ellagic acid in in vivo (stem bark) and in vitro (callus) samples. Presence of isolated ellagic acid was confirmed by superimposable IR spectra of isolated and authentic samples of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid was further identified and confirmed by using different techniques such as TLC (Rf 0.41), and HPLC (Rt =5.546 min) studies.

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