scholarly journals The Study Trees Potential for Forest in Universitas Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Marta Dinata ◽  
Fitridawati Fitridawati ◽  
Lusi Dwi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Litter Accumulation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Structure Observation ◽  
Edge Path

The location of the study of Potential tree species for Peripheral Forest Development is determined by Lancang Kuning University, which is on Yos Sudarso road KM 8 Rumbai Pekanbaru, which is a fragmented habitat. The method used is census through measurement of area, structure observation, population enumeration, measurement of three dimensions. Calculating tree species diversity (H '), Assessing the suitability criteria of a type of tree for each type of green edge path area refers to the method of analyzing an integrated research plan, the important value index for the highest vegetation is acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) with a value amounting to 73.11. Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) type of tree is less suitable. This is because the population is too high, where the debris that falls hard to decompose causes a thick pile when trampled slipperily and endangers safety, which eventually leaves litter accumulation causing soil conditions on the slopes to become soft because it is moist and has the potential to become landslides.

Climate resilience through natural regeneration in degraded natural forests of south-eastern hilly region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Md Khayrul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Akhter Hossain ◽  
Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Jashimuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Ecological Dominance

A study was conducted by using 5m × 5m sized 179 quadrates following multistage random sampling method for comparative regenerating tree species, quantitative structure, diversity, similarity and climate resilience in the degraded natural forests and plantations of Cox's Bazar North and South Forest Divisions. A total of 70 regenerating tree species were recorded representing maximum (47 species) from degraded natural forests followed by 43 species from 0.5 year 39 species from 1.5 year and 29 species from 2.5 year old plantations. Quantitative structure relating to ecological dominance indicated dominance of Acacia auriculiformis, Grewia nervosa and Lithocarpus elegans seedlings in the plantations whereas seedlings of Aporosa wallichii, Suregada multiflora and Grewia nervosa in degraded natural forests. The degraded natural forests possess higher natural regeneration potential as showed by different diversity indices. The dominance-based cluster analysis showed 2 major cluster of species under one of which multiple sub-clusters of species exists. Poor plant diversity and presence of regenerating exotic species in the plantations indicated poor climate resilience of forest ecosystem in terms of natural regeneration.

Nozzles for Supersonic Flow Without Shock Fronts

1944 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. A93-A100
Author(s):  
Ascher H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Compressible Fluids ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Constant Cross Section ◽  
Nozzle Design ◽  
Wave Fronts ◽  
A Value ◽  
Parallel Stream ◽  
Shock Fronts

Abstract Flow patterns for compressible fluids at supersonic velocities are discussed, and it is shown that shock fronts form when neighboring Mach lines (envelopes of wave fronts originating from point disturbances) intersect. A criterion for divergence of Mach lines is developed for cases in which the passage is symmetrical in two or three dimensions and has a straight axis. This criterion is used as the basis for designing supersonic nozzles and diffusers. The analysis indicates that only a nozzle of infinite length can discharge a parallel stream into a tube of constant cross section without the formation of shock fronts. Methods are presented for designing nozzles of finite length, with the intensity of shock fronts reduced to as small a value as possible, and it is shown that nozzles of reasonable length may be designed so that shock fronts are insignificant. Experimental observations indicate that the proposed method of nozzle design is a practical one. With regard to supersonic diffusers having a straight axis, it is shown that shock fronts cannot be avoided, even though the diffuser is of infinite length. However, the methods of this paper may be used as an aid in determining the best diffuser design.

scholarly journals Development of forest soils in the Krkonoše Mts. in the period 1980–2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matějka ◽  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Spruce Stands

This paper documents the development of soil conditions in the set of 32 permanent research plots in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. These plots represent an altitudinal gradient covering the ecosystems of beech, mixed beech-spruce and spruce stands. In all plots, representing the site conditions of the highest areas of the mountain range, standard soil pits were prepared and the soil sampling was performed in autumn of years 1980, 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2009. The results reflect extreme site conditions, soil acidification, large scale surface liming and in minor extent also different tree species composition of the stands. The general type of the soil-genesis is represented by the podzolisation, overlapping the other soil-genetic factors, including the tree species composition. Nevertheless, this development is mostly expressed in the spruce stands. The beech dominance and/or co-dominance are reflected especially by more efficient N-cycling, higher pH, S and V values and fluctuation and lower extractable Al3+ content. More efficient cycling in beech ecosystems is insignificantly documented for plant available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium contents; on the contrary higher dynamics for iron ions was registered in the spruce stands. The long-term soil dynamics with a hysteresis (evident on the base of ordination analysis) can be divided into some periods – processes of acidification (typical in the 1980's samples), liming (main effect in 1993 and 1998) and regeneration (2003, 2009). Other features, important for the soil development, are probably related to the vegetation change, but this relation is not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Site Type Effect on Litter Decomposition Rates: A Three-Year Comparison of Decomposition Process between Spoil Heap and Forest Sites

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horodecki ◽  
Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Spoil Heap ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pine Stands

Research Highlights: Direct comparison of leaf litter decomposition rates between harsh soil conditions of degraded lands and adjacent “closer to natural” forest areas has not been done before. Background and Objectives: We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by determining the differences in amounts of carbon and nitrogen released by species-specific litter depending on decomposition rates in various stand and habitat conditions, which enables selection of the most ecologically and economically appropriate (for fast soil organic layer development) tree species for afforestation of reclaimed lands. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on the external spoil heap of the “Bełchatów” lignite mine (Central Poland) and adjacent forests. In December 2013, we established a litterbag experiment beneath the canopies of birch and pine stands. We used litter of Alnus glutinosa (Gaertn.), Betula pendula (Roth), Pinus sylvestris (L.), and Quercus robur (L.) collected ex situ, which we installed (after oven-drying) beneath the canopies of eight stands. The experiment lasted for three years (with sampling of three-month intervals). Results: Harsh soil conditions of degraded lands are unfavorable for litter mineralization. It was found that 23%–74% of decomposed materials were mineralized in spoil heap stands, whereas in forest stands these amounts ranged from 35%–83%. Litter of Q. robur in birch stands on the spoil heap is predicted to take 12 years longer for total decomposition than in forest stands of the same species. This hinders organic carbon turnover and could result in elongation of the time for full biological and economic reclamation of degraded lands. On the other hand, decomposition of relatively fast decomposable litter (A. glutinosa and B. pendula) in pine stands on the spoil heap was faster than in pine stands in forest sites (17% and 13% faster, respectively). We did not observe this trend for decomposition of more recalcitrant litter types of P. sylvestris and Q. robur. Conclusions: The results show the value of selective choice of tree species for afforestation of post-mining areas to accelerate the development of technogenic soil substrates. We recommend introducing all tree species studied in the cluster form of admixtures as all of them could bring some profits in ecological and economical reclamation.

Length–biomass allometry in primary producers: predominantly bidimensional seaweeds differ from the “universal” interspecific trend defined by microalgae and vascular plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Scrosati
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Allometric Exponent ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pterocladiella Capillacea

This study tests whether the value (0.25, or 1/4) of the interspecific allometric exponent currently thought to be universal for the length–biomass relationship for primary producers (based on data for vascular plants and unicellular microalgae) also applies to macroalgae. Length and dry biomass were measured for four phylogenetically distinct seaweed species, Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, Pterocladiella capillacea (Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand, Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus, and Laminaria saccharina (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux, which are representatives of four different orders: Gigartinales and Gelidiales (Rhodophyta) and Fucales and Laminariales (Phaeophyceae). The interspecific exponent found for these seaweeds (0.47) differs significantly from the interspecific “universal” value stated above. The 95% confidence interval for the interspecific exponent for these seaweeds includes 0.5 (or 1/2), a value that is related to an idealized form of bidimensional growth. While vascular plants and unicellular microalgae can be viewed as clearly growing in three dimensions, the studied seaweeds are predominantly flat, which thus seems to explain their divergent allometry. The present study indicates that the comprehensive understanding of allometric trends for primary producers should be based on studies covering the morphological diversity that different groups of primary producers display.

Analysis of the Inorganic Matter in Wood and Bark Proceeding from the Energetic Woodchips of the Plantation Grown Tree Species Robinia pseudoacacia via the AES-ICP

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Ladislav Dzurenda ◽  
Ľubomir Pňakovič
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Poplar Trees

The paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the proportion of the following chemical elements: Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Zn and Fe in wood, bark and energetic woodchips produced from woody biomass of plantation grown clones: Ambiqua, Gori, Nyírségi, Rozaszin of the tree species Robinia pseudoacacia, which were cultivated by midi-rotation. Experimental works determined the average density of black locust wood ρ0W = 680.8 kg m-3 and of its bark ρ0B = 764.4 kg m-3. The AES-ICP technique determined the proportion of individual inorganic elements in dry wood and dry bark. The analyses show that the proportion of the analyzed inorganic elements in bark is 3.49 times higher than the proportion of these elements in wood. The largest proportion in the woody bark belongs to calcium, which proportion in wood is Ca = 3 965 mg.kg-1 and in bark is Ca = 18 698 mg.kg -1. Potassium shows also a higher proportion in bark than in wood with a value of K = 4 796 mg.kg-1, which is 1.73 times higher than in wood, Mg = 1 284 mg.kg-1, which is 2.81 times higher, phosphorus with the value P = 2 403 mg.kg-1, which is 4.04 times higher and iron Fe = 574 mg.kg-1 which is 4.86 times higher than in wood. Proportion of the analyses in energy woodchips is comparable to the proportion of these elements in the energy woodchips made of woody biomass produced from plantation grown clones of willow and alder. Woodchips made of black locust contain a higher proportion of calcium, it is by 25% higher than the upper limit of calcium in woody biomass from plantation grown poplar trees.

scholarly journals Floristic Change at the Drought Limit of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Downy Oak (Quercus pubescens) Forest in the Temperate Climate of Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert REIF ◽  
Fotios XYSTRAKIS ◽  
Stefanie GÄRTNER ◽  
Uwe SAYER
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Shallow Soils

An increase in drought could cause shifts in species composition and vegetation structure. In forests it limits the occurrence of drought sensitive tree species which become replaced by drought tolerant tree species and forest communities. Under temperate macroclimatic conditions, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) naturally dominates the forested landscape, except on extremely shallow soil in combination with high irradiation. On these sites beech reaches its drought limit, and is replaced by forests dominated by species like downy Oak (Quercus pubescens s.l.) and English Oak (Quercus petraea L). Phytosociological and ecological data were collected in the transition (ecotone) between European beach stands and stands of more drought tolerant species in order to quantify the drought intensity threshold, above which beech is replaced by drought tolerant species. It was shown that favourable topographic and soil conditions partially compensated the unsuitable climatic conditions for beech. The ecotone between these forest types was found to be characterized by shallow soils with an available soil water storage capacity of 73 l/m² or less, and an irradiation intensity of 6000 MJ/m2 or more during the growing season. This indicates that under conditions of climate change beech would naturally still remain the dominant tree species on the majority of central European forest sites.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pengairan Terhadap Hasil Emisi Gas Nitro-Oksida (N2O) pada Padi Sawah

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Indriati Meilina Sari
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Central Java ◽  
A Value ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total Observation

The aim of the study is the effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions on rice field. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya Campus. The N2O gas analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Central Java. From April to July 2016. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with irrigation classes, namely 5 cm (A1), intermittent / intermittent (A2) plots, and saturated land (A3), divided into three (3) groups with a total of 18 treatments, so that there were 54 plots in total. Observation of N2O gas was chosen at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 after planting using a closed lid for 24 hours. N2O gas flux is calculated based on an equation adopted from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The results obtained are the emission of N2O gas produced by maps with air saturation condition of 5 cm from the surface of the land (A3) in the amount of 1564,554 mg N2O / ha / day and the lowest is produced by inundated plots (A1) with a value of 648,996 mg N2O / ha / day. Soil conditions that are inundated during plant growth produce anaerobic soil conditions capable of lifting N2O flux compared to air-saturated conditions.

scholarly journals Distribution of tree species in a geomorphological and pedological gradient of submontane semidecidual seasonal forest in the vicinity of Rio Doce state park, Minas Gerais

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Bezerra de Souza ◽  
João José Lelis ◽  
Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer ◽  
Agostinho Lopes de Souza ◽  
João Augusto Alves Meira Neto
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Topographic Gradient ◽  
Composite Samples

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the distribution of tree species in a fragment of submontane seasonal semideciduous forest, a buffer zone in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, is influenced by geomorphological and weather and soil variables, therefore it can represent a source of information for the restoration of degraded areas where environmental conditions are similar to those of the study area. A detailed soil survey was conducted in the area by sampling three soil profiles per slope segment, totaling 12 profiles. To sample the topsoil, four composite samples were collected from the 10-20 cm layers in each topographic range totaling 16 composite samples. In the low ramp and the lower and upper concave slopes, the texture ranged from clay to sandy-clay. The soil and topographic gradient was characterized by changes in the soil physical-chemical properties. The soil in the 10-20 cm sampled layer was sandier, slightly more fertile and less acid in the low ramp than the clayer soil, nutrient-poor and highly acid soil at the top. The soil conditions in the lower and upper slope of the sampled layers, in turn, were intermediate. The P levels were limiting in all soils. The species distribution along the topographic gradient was associated with variations in chemical fertility, acidity and soil texture. The distribution of Pera leandri, Astronium fraxinifolium, Pouteria torta, Machaerium brasiliense and Myrcia rufipes was correlated with high aluminum levels and to low soil fertility and these species may be indicated for restoration of degraded areas on hillsides and hilltops in regions where environmental conditions are similar. The distribution of Pouteria venosa, Apuleia leiocarpa and Acacia polyphylla was correlated with the less acid and more fertile soil in the environment of the low ramps, indicating the potential for the restoration of similar areas.

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