scholarly journals The Penology of Islamic Criminal Law: Reintroduction of Islamic Penology

AL- ADALAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Marli Candra

The justification for punishment is an interesting topic and undying debate among the scholars. Those who in favor of traditional approach would state that punishment is retributive in nature, whereas the opposite party would declare that punishment is for future benefits either particularly for offender or society in general. In this article, the researcher will elaborate the penological approach of punishment in Islamic criminal law. This study applies a comparative analysis based on the qualitative approach to compare the concept of punishment and its justification in the modern penology as well as in Islamic perspective. The study finds out that the justification for punishment in Islam, which is mainly contained in the hudûd and qishâsh offenses, does not deviate from what is understood by modern penology. Islamic law provides harsher punishment for serious offenses, but at the same time, it also prescribes ways on how to reduce such punishments.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Azman Ab Rahman ◽  
Zulkifli Mohamad Albakri

The Concept of Islamic criminal law incorporates particular principles such as protecting the religion i.e Islam, preserving life and the sanctity of human soul, safeguarding the soundness of mind, preserving the heredity, property and dignity. In case of Qazaf (accusation against one's chastity), the reason behind this ruling is to protect the dignity of human being from wild slander and libel. As we are in the middle of information technology era, a number of people committing crimes have distinctly increased including Qazaf involving people's life, honor, and property. Surprisingly, this kind of crime has been widely spread for no specific purpose. According to Syariah law, any person who accuses other people committing zina or sodomy must provide with four witnesses otherwise he or she shall be inflicted with hadd for committing Qazaf. The issue in this matter is that: is it a requirement for the accuser, in the absence of witnesses, to apply oath to prove his or her accusation and does the aforementioned matter applied to the accused? This article is intended to explain the concept of oath, its legal injunction and its divisions according to Islamic law. Apart from that, it would also clarify particular situations which oath is permitted to be administered as a mean of proof, in the case of Allah's right or human's right. The authors intend to elucidate the definition of Qazaf and its application, offenses under Qazaf, the mode of proof, and other issues pertaining to sodomy. The finding of this study shows that oath could be applied to deny the allegation of committing zina or sodomy if the plaintiff makes a request to the judge ordering the defendant to administer oath in the absence of witnesses. This ruling could be found in Shafi'l school of law. Nevertheless, Imam Malik and Ahmad opined that oath could only be applied when it is related to human's right such as property but not to Allah's right for instance punishment for Qazaf. It is hope that the public would gain clear picture from this writing regarding with the concept of oath and Qazaf under Islamic perspective.  Abstrak Konsep hukum jenayah yang ditetapkan dalam Islam mempunyai beberapa konsep tertentu iaitu menjaga nyawa dan kehormatan jiwa manusia, menjaga kewarasan akal, menjaga agama, menjaga keturunan dan zuriat serta menjaga harta benda. Begitu juga hukuman Qazaf, ia ditetapkan di dalam Islam berdasarkan kepada konsep untuk menjaga kehormatan jiwa manusia dan menjaga maruah seseorang. Pada zaman sains dan teknologi masa kini, kita dapat melihat dan sering mendengar pelbagai jenayah yang dilakukan  oleh  manusia  sama  ada yang melibatkan nyawa, maruah, harta benda dan sebagainya. Jenayah Qazaf merupakan jenayah yang semakin berleluasa pada masa kini yang dilakukan sama ada mempunyai tujuan yang tertentu atau sebaliknya. Mereka yang melakukan qazaf hendaklah mempunyai saksi bagi mensabitkan orang yang didakwa atau dituduh. Namun, apa yang berlaku sekarang ini, kebanyakan mereka yang melakukan jenayah qazaf tidak mempunyai saksi bagi mensabitkan kesalahan orang yang didakwa. Timbul persoalan, adakah orang yang melakukan kesalahan qazaf yang tidak mempunyai saksi perlu bersumpah ataupun orang yang didakwa dikehendaki bersumpah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep sumpah, pensyariatannya dan pembahagiannya dalam Islam. Di samping itu, artikel ini akan menerangkan situasi- situasi tertentu yang mengharuskan sumpah dipakai sebagai kaedah pembuktian, sama ada yang melibatkan hak Allah ataupun hak manusia. Penulis juga akan menjelaskan pengertian qazaf, jenis-jenis kesalahan qazaf dan pengsabitan kesalahan qazaf serta isu yang melibatkan tuduhan melakukan liwat. Hasil daripada artikel ini penulis mendapati dalam mazhab Shafie sumpah boleh digunakan untuk menafikan tuduhan liwat ataupun zina jika pendakwa memohon daripada hakim supaya yang didakwa bersumpah disebabkan ketiadaan saksi. Walau bagaimanapun Imam Malik dan Ahmad berpendapat sebaliknya iaitu sumpah hanya boleh dilakukan apabila melibatkan hak manusia seperti mal, manakala hak Allah seperti hadd Qazaf tidak boleh dilakukan sumpah. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberikan gambaran dan pendedahan sebenar kepada masyarakat tentang konsep sumpah dan jenayah qazaf menurut perspektif Islam.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Soraya Devy ◽  
Dwi Mekar Suci

The article discusses the procedures of filing a plea to execute verdicts on providing māḍiyah maintenance and the effort to implement the verdicts in Syar’iyyah Court Banda Aceh.  The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and the collected data were analyzed with a descriptive-analysis method based on Islamic law perspective. The result shows that the procedure and the legal effort to file an execution toward the verdict related to māḍiyah maintenance in Syar’iyyah Court are distinguished into two types of divorce, i.e. talak divorce and filed divorce. In talak divorce, the execution of the verdict related to maintenance is conducted during the reading of the talak pledge. In the filed divorce, the ex-wife’s lawsuit related to maintenance which is neglected by the ex-husband is entitled to be legally sued through filing a plea on execution. The phases as follows: (1) the ex-wife files a plea of execution to the court, (2) pay the execution cost, (3) aanmaning (a warning to the defendant), (4) the ex-husband and ex-wife comply with the summons by the court, (5) the court establishes executorial beslag (executing confiscation), (6) the court establishes an execution order, (7) an auction. According to the Islamic perspective, the execution of māḍiyah maintenance can be conducted following the ex-wife’s lawsuit to the court. The execution of māḍiyah maintenance can be performed by the court based on the valid provisions of executing māḍiyah maintenance in Syar’iyah Court upon consideration of benefit and expediency principles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Asep Dadan Wildan

COVID-19 was discovered in Wuhan, China, and has since spread exponentially and massively. Numerous casualties have been reported as a result of this outbreak. As a result, different countries implemented measures to halt the virus's propagation. Indonesia, like other impacted countries, implemented a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) scheme. This rule regulates various aspects ranging from the implementation of education, work to worship. In the field of worship, this rule calls for the temporary elimination of worship at houses of worship and replacing them with worship at home. This legislation has both positive and negative consequences in society. Some argue that closing houses of worship is unnecessary since other public spaces, such as markets, remain open. The law is analyzed using a qualitative approach derived from library science and religious studies. This study establishes that prohibiting worship in houses of worship in the event of a pandemic does not break Islamic law. The author assumes that upholding religion by carrying out worship and possible is as important as saving lives by keeping away from disease outbreaks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufan Djafri ◽  
Syandri Syandri ◽  
Aswar Aswar ◽  
Zulkarnain Alim Said

The purpose of this study was to discover the Ma'rate customary law in marriage according to the perspective of Islamic law. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of field research (field research) and uses a normative and socioanthropological approach. The results of the study show that Ma'rate customs are never separated from the combination of culture and Islamic law. Ma'rate in the Islamic perspective has three elements of value, namely; 1) Moral values (in Ma'rate custom the host is obliged to honor guests such as providing food); 2) Cultural values (Ma'rate custom is no longer by its implementation as in the beginning, and this change is seen from the equipment that must be provided, where Ma'rate custom is now only an effort to preserve tradition); and 3) The value of worship (in the Ma'rate custom there are activities to pray for the bride and groom and humans in general). If the community can maintain Islamic values and not fall into sin, then Islamic law shows that the Ma'rate custom can be carried out on the condition that it does not conflict with the Qur'an, the sunnah of the prophet, and the rules of ushul fiqh.


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfitra Alfitra

<p>Abstrak: Penanganan terhadap persoalan korupsi merupakan tugas berat di setiap negara dalam mencapai good governance. Di Indonesia, sejak bergulirnya reformasi, terjadi peningkatan tindak pidana korupsi dan penyebaran pelakunya semakin meluas. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan solusi tentang sanksi hukum pemiskinan koruptor, baik dari perspektif hukum pidana positif maupun hukum Islam. Menurut penulis, pemiskinan koruptor yang berarti sebuah hukuman untuk membuat tersangka menjadi miskin akibat aset dan harta benda yang dimilikinya sebenarnya mendapat preseden dari putusan-putusan hakim yang menyita harta koruptor. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, pemiskinan koruptor sebenarnya tidak sejalan dengan konsep ‘uqûbah atau penjatuhan sanksi bagi seorang terdakwa. Namun demikian, sebagai sebuah bentuk hukuman takzir berupa denda sejumlah uang yang dituntut oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum terhadap seorang terpidana kasus korupsi, tampaknya boleh dilakukan.</p><p><br />Abstract: Impoverishment of Corruption Crime in the Perspective of Positive Criminal Law and Islamic Law. Dealing with corruption issue is a tough task of any country in achieving good governance. In Indonesia since reformation era began, there was an increase in the number of corruption crime This paper attempts to provide solution pertaining to sanctions to impoverish corruption crime, both in the perspectives of Islamic positive criminal law and Islamic penal law. According to the author, the impoverishment of corruption crime in the sense of sanction that causes the suspect in the state of poverty due to the fact that their property and asset prescribed in the precedent of the decisions of judges who confiscate criminals. In the Islamic perspective, the impoverishment of the corruption crime as punishment is not in line with a form of punishment named ‘uqûbah or impose sanctions for a defendant. Nevertheless, as a form of punishment in the form of fines as ta’zîr, an amount of money demanded by the public prosecutor against a convicted cases of corruption, perceived to be feaseable to be applied.</p><p><br />Kata Kunci: korupsi, koruptor, pemiskinan, jinâyah, hukum pidana</p>


ĪQĀN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Dr. Naveed Altaf Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Zaheer

This study contains on a legal maxim; crime neither can be proved nor be punished without verse or legal text (statute), as well as it is a comparative analysis in prospective of Islamic criminal law and Pakistani criminal law. In contemporary world it is a basic principle in the criminal justice system that a person can neither be convicted nor be punished without prescribed law. Islamic law has fixed some punishments strictly like ḥudūd, qiṣāṣ and dīyyāt. while some of the punishments like tazīrāt & siyāsah shar’iah come under the jurisdiction of state according to the circumstances, which can be fixed by practicing parliamentary ijtīhād by if and only if the experts islamic legal system. This study will deal with the literal meaning of the legal maxim, & will be explained with the references of Qur’an & Sunnah and its applications from Islamic law (al-fiqh al-islāmī). To make it more clear & evident this maxim will be compared with the constitution & penal code of Pakistan, focusing on the main differences between the concept of crime in both i.e. Islamic criminal law and the Pakistani law.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmawi Asmawi ◽  
Yayan Sopyan ◽  
Mujar Ibn Syarif ◽  
Isnawati Rais

This study focuses on the problem of the extent to which human rights and islamicity (Islamic law norms) are accommodated within Indonesian anti-terrorism law (Law No. 5 of 2018). The study uses a qualitative approach with a documentary study in data collection. The result shows that Law No. 5 of 2018 has threatened human rights in some issues. This is indicated by certain matters including arrest, detention, capital punishment, interception, and revocation of citizenship. Meanwhile, the islamicity of Law No. 5 of 2018 is open to interpretation and reinterpretation. The study of measuring human rights and islamicity of Law No. 5 of 2018 has a significant contribution to the substantive implementation of  Islamic criminal law in the context of Indonesianness, as well as modernity, which also means the implementation of Islamic law and human rights at once.


Al-'Adl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Islamul Haq ◽  
M Ali Rusdi Bedong ◽  
Abdul Syatar ◽  
Muhammad Majdy Amiruddin

Paraphilia exhibitionism is a form of sexual disorder and immoral offences. This study aims to compare the status of perpetrators of exhibitionism in positive law and Islamic law. This research is qualitative research that uses literature studies. The results showed similarities between Islamic law and positive law on the classification of exhibitionism as a crime. Islamic law and positive law are also similar in terms of ensnaring perpetrators of exhibitionism as someone who can be held accountable. The criminalization aspect of positive law includes exhibitionism as a complaint deliberation. While in Islamic criminal law categorizes the crime of exhibitionism as ordinary deliberation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Hidayatullah

Profit and loss sharing system applied in the Islamic bank as an alternative substitute for the application of the interest system is deemed to successfully avoid the negative impacts of the interest application. It is also considered to be able to allocate resources and fund sources efficiently. The solution is briefly mentioned by holding the financing transactions based on three models, namely mudlarabah, musharakah dan murabahah. In this study, there are several methods used to collect the data. It includes methods of observation, interviews and documentation. The data is then analyzed using descriptive analysis and qualitative approach. The research findings figure out that the realization of profit and loss sharing system based on mudlarabah financing applied in the Branch Office of Syariah Mandiri Bank in Lumajang, in terms of Islamic Law, is valid since it already fulfills the validity requisites of mudlarabah. There is only such dilemmatic consideration relates to the issue of assurance because of the difference opinion among Islamic scholars (Ulama) about the license of assurance itself aside of the emergency or in case that the suspicion toward mudlarib emerged. The financing of mudlarabah in Syariah Banking, particularly in terms of the application of financing calculation in the Branch Office of Syariah Mandiri Bank in Lumajang is completely appropriate since it already fulfills the requisites obtained in all Syariah Bankings and the Fatwa of National Syariah Council. The application of profit and loss sharing calculation in the Branch Office of Syariah Mandiri Bank in Lumajang is valid and appropriate since its realization is in accordance with Islamic and Banking Law. The profit-sharing ratio provided by the bank are 95.10%: 4.9%, 90, 69%: 9.31% and 87.10%: 12.9%. And this bank do not share the ratio of 100: 0 to their customers. Keywords: Profit and Loss Sharing, Mudlarabah financing, Islamic Perspective


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sani

The purpose of research and study to find out and explain the concept of witness protection in criminal cases under Indonesian criminal law and the criminal law of Islam and to explain the concept of comparative analysis on the protection of witnesses in criminal cases in the criminal law Indonesia.Penelitian this method of normative legal research, the study in the form of legislation, legal principles, norms, and others. In the discussion of this thesis is done through a comparative descriptive approach (comparison), which describe and analyze data on the protection of witnesses, according to the conception of Indonesian criminal law and criminal law of Islam. The results showed that first, the concept of witness protection in the Indonesian criminal law and the criminal law of Islam has much in common they both protect the witnesses have efforts to comply with the provision of security to the witness so that in spite of the threats of others both a threat to life, honor, finances and family. But what sets it apart is the legal basis, terms and various witnesses, the agency that protects witnesses and witness protection. Suggested to the parties that have the authority to order the witness protection sincere and serious in protecting witnesses in accordance with what is stipulated in the regulations.Keywords; witness protection, criminal law of Indonesia, Islamic law


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