scholarly journals RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FEMALE UROGENITAL COMPLEX IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Oleh Marchuk ◽  
Olga Antonyuk ◽  
Yuliya Marchuk ◽  
Denis Andriychuk ◽  
Volodymyr Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
Vaginal Canal ◽  
Vertical Sections ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Loose Layer

In 9-weeks prefetuses, urogenital complexes are located lower than in prefetuses of previous age groups. In the vertical sections of the urogenital cords, the paramesonephric ducts diff erentiate into the uterine tubes. Above the entrance to the pelvis, the urogenital cords pass obliquely in the vertical direction, at the level of which the paramesonephric ducts are connected, on both sides of which the mesonephric ducts are located. The primary kidneys are completely reduced in their upper two-thirds, the reduction of mesonephric cells in the lateral areas of the lower third of the kidneys begins. The caudal divisions of the paramesonephric ducts touch dorsally to the wall of the urogenital sinus, while the lower ends of the mesonephric ducts are in the thickness of the wall. The urogenital cords (mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts) protrude above the upper ends of the primary kidneys and below the permanent kidneys. The mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts are clearly demarcated by a layer of loosely spaced mesenchymal cells.In 10-weeks prefetuses, due to the connection of the lower vertical parts of the paramesonephric ducts, a common uterine- vaginal canal is formed, lined with pseudolayered epithelium. Mesonephric ducts retain their lumen in fragments.In 11-weeks prefetuses, the upper vertical sections of the urogenital cords, in connection with the reduction of the mesonephric ducts, contain mainly paramesonephric ducts, which are separated from each other by a loose layer of the mesenchyme. From these sections of paramesonephric ducts uterine tubes are formed. Oblique (middle) sections of the paramesonephric ducts with further development are transformed into intrauterine parts of the uterine tubes. The lower caudal sections of the paramesonephric ducts are transformed into the uterus and the upper two-thirds of the vagina.In 12-weeks prefetuses, the primary kidneys are almost completely reduced. Only single mesonephric tubules within their caudal area are determined. In parallel, there are intense processes of formation of internal female reproductive organs. The cranial ends of the uterine tubes expand, acquiring a funnel- shaped shape. The outer border of the infundibulum of the tube reminds a zigzag line, which is evidence of the beginning of the formation of the fi mbria of the uterine tube. The lumens of the mesonephric ducts are reduced to 6±0.1 μm, and in some parts of their walls are in contact with each other. Transformation of paramesonephric ducts into their derivatives (uterine tubes, uterus, upper part of the vagina) is accompanied by corresponding histological changes of their walls.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF PRENATAL VAGINA MORPHOGENESIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Khmara ◽  
Іhor І. Zamorskii ◽  
Mariana O. Ryznychuk ◽  
Mariana I. Kryvchanska ◽  
Oleh M. Boichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Introduction: The rapid development of perinatal gynecology requires from the anatomists comprehensive studies of the patterns of prenatal morphogenesis and the development of topographic and anatomical relationships of female reproductive organs in the human fetuses of different age groups. The aim: To study the development and formation of the vaginal topography in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study has been conducted based on 23 series of histological and topographic-anatomical sections of human prefetuses aged 9-12 weeks with 31.0-80.0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL) and 83 specimens of female human fetuses aged 4-9 months with 81.0-345.0 mm of CRL by means of a complex of adequate morphological methods of investigation. Results and conclusions: Vaginal formation occurs during the 9th week of embryogenesis (prefetuses of 31.0-41.0 mm of CRL) due to the fusion of two different embryonic structures: mesodermal paramesonephral ducts and endodermal urogenital sinus. In this case, the caudal regions of the paramesonephral ducts are transformed into the uterus and the superior two thirds of the vagina, and the inferior third of the vagina develops from the urogenital sinus. Common uterovaginal canal, divided into right and left cavities by mesenchymal septum, is formed in the female prefetuses of 38.0-43.0 mm of CRL due to the fusion of the caudal regions of the paramesonephral ducts in the area of the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus. Complete dissolving of the septum of the uterovaginal canal occurs in prefetuses of 55.0-58.0 mm of CRL. The anterior and posterior vaginal vaults of the same depth are formed in 5-month-old fetuses. Canalization of vagina in the caudo-cranial direction is observed in the fetuses of 170.0-185.0 mm of CRL, with no clear boundary between the uterovaginal canal and the urogenital sinus. The vaginal epithelium in the upper third part originates from the uterovaginal canal, and in the lower two thirds of the vagina – from the urogenital sinus. In the 6-month-old fetuses there was detected the variability of the shape of the superior, middle and inferior third of the vagina, namely: oval (5 cases), elongated-oval (2 cases), stellate (1 case); in the lower third, the H-shaped form was predominantly found (6 fetuses). The proliferation of the hymen membrane occurs in fetuses of 220.0-245.0 mm of CRL. The absence of timely proliferation of the hymen membrane can lead to its atresia, and its premature proliferation causes the appearance of transverse vaginal septa.

scholarly journals PROFIL KANDIDIASIS VULVOVAGINALIS DI POLIKLINIK KULIT DAN KELAMIN RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – DESEMBER 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Limbu Tasik ◽  
Grace M. Kapantow ◽  
Renate T. Kandou
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Abstract: Vulvovaginalis candidiasis (VVC) is a disease of female reproductive organs with the site of infection at the vulva and vagina mucosa characterized by vaginal discharge and itching due to the uncontrolled growth of the fungus Candida albicans. This study aimed to obtain the profile of vulvovaginalis candidiasis cases at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospiptal Manado from January to December 2013. This was a retrospective descriptive study using the medical record. The results showed that of 29 VVC cases (0.70%), the largest age groups were 15-24 and 25-44 years (41.4%). Housewives and students were the most found jobs (20.7%). The discharge accompanied by itching was found in 34.5% of cases. The use of douching and pregnancy were predisposing factors (13.8%). Gram examinations resulted in spores, budding cell, and pseudohyphae were found in 62.1% of cases. Patients who was infected by VVC for the first time were 82.8%. The most frequent type of therapy was combination therapy (48.3%). Keywords: vulvovaginalis candidiasis   Abstrak: Kandidiasis vulvovaginalis (KVV) merupakan suatu penyakit organ reproduksi pada wanita dimana terjadi infeksi pada mukosa vulva dan vagina ditandai dengan adanya keputihan dan gatal dikarenakan pertumbuhan tidak terkendali dari jamur Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien kandidiasis vulvovaginalis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari – Desember 2013. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengevaluasi catatan rekam medik pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 29 kasus KVV. Kelompok umur terbanyak 15-24 dan 25-44 tahun (41,4%); pekerjaan terbanyak ialah ibu rumah tangga dan pelajar (20,7%); keputihan disertai gatal (34,5%); faktor predisposisi terbanyak yaitu penggunaan douching dan kehamilan (13.8%). Pemeriksaan Gram ditemukan spora, buddingcell dan pseudohifa ditemukan pada 62,1% kasus. Pasien yang baru pertama kali terinfeksi KVV  sebanyak 82,8%. Jenis terapi terbanyak yang diberikan yaitu terapi kombinasi sebanyak 48,3%). Kata kunci: kandidiasis vulvovaginalis

scholarly journals Comparison of histological changes of sensory neurons of Dorsal Root Ganglion of spinal nerve in different age groups in rabbits

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Ali Ghanim Al-Okaili
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Made In

     The aim of the study is to compare the histological changes that occur in the sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion at L6 and L7 levels of the spinal nerve in different age groups in rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups of equal number according to their age (weaning, maturation and adult). Dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve at L6 and L7 levels were removed and examined histologically under light microscope. Comparison were made in diameters of neurons and their numbers in different age. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of sensory neurons and a significant (P<0.05) increase in their diameters with advancing age. In conclusion, the structures of sensory neurons are altering by the age factors in which morphology, number, and color of neurons change also.

Pregnancy in a marsupial, the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii)

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rose ◽  
J. A. A. Horak ◽  
A. D. Shetewi ◽  
S. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Background Data

The Tasmanian pademelon, Thylogale billardierii, is a medium-sized wallaby that adapts well to captivity and, unlike the well-studied tammar wallaby, is capable of breeding all year round. It may, there-fore, be a useful model species for research into the reproductive biology of macropod marsupials. This paper presents necessary background data on histological changes in the reproductive organs and the rate of embryonic growth during gestation in T. billardierii. After Day 4 RPY (removal of young from the pouch) the gravid and non-gravid uteri differ significantly in some histological parameters. The corpus luteum becomes active by Day 6 RPY and is fully developed by Day 14 RPY; it begins to degenerate from Day 19 RPY. Plasma progesterone concentrations through gestation follow a pattern similar to that in the tammar wallaby. There is an early, smaller, peak at Day 5 RPY, with plasma concentrations of progesterone then falling until the larger pre-partum peak occurs several days before birth.

Bee glue (propolis) improves reproductive organs, sperm quality and histological changes and antioxidant parameters of testis tissues in rats exposed to excess copper

Andrologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Seven ◽  
Pinar Tatli Seven ◽  
Burcu Gul Baykalir ◽  
Tuba Parlak Ak ◽  
Seyma Ozer Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Excess Copper ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological changes during the oestrous cycle in the mare

1941 ◽  
Vol 130 (858) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Dominant Part

The mares chosen for the investigation of the changes in the reproductive organs during the oestrous cycle were kept under observation for some time before they were killed. The duration of the heat period in these animals was 7 days and the length of the dioestrus was 16 days. Ovulation takes place at about a day before the end of oestrus. The size of the ovary during the oestrous cycle is chiefly influenced by the growing Graafian follicle. The number of follicles present at different stages varies greatly. The numerous small follicles present at the beginning of oestrus disappear later in the cycle; it is suggested that this may be due to the lack of follicle-stimulating hormone. The colour of the corpus luteum varies greatly at different stages of the cycle. The rupture of the follicle is associated with some bleeding. The active stage of the corpus luteum is very short, and the maximum diameter of the corpus luteum seems to be always below that of the Graafian follicle. The greater development of the Graafian follicle, with its secretion of oestrin, in the mare leads to its playing a more important role than in the cow and the sow, in which species the corpus luteum takes a m ore dominant part in the cycle. It appears that the much longer oestrus in the mare than in the cow is due to the longer time required by the follicle to come to the surface and to break through. This is probably due to the peculiar structure of the ovary in the mare, since the ovulation, which is spontaneous, can only occur in the small ovulation fossa. No pronounced secretion stage occurs during oestrus in the Fallopian tubes.

The female urogenital system of Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia).

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
RI Kean ◽  
RG Marryatt ◽  
ALK Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Vaginal Canal ◽  
In Pregnancy

This paper is based on measurements from 1000 female specimens. In a stable population, summer anoestrus was followed by oestrus in April-May. Post-partum oestrus did not occur. Juvenile females frequently came into oestrus at 12 months of age but they did not necessarily rear young. The septum which initially divides the vaginal sac is usually perforated shortly before sexual maturity is attained, but entire septa may be found in females of any age. The sac in trapped, wild animals is greatly enlarged during oestrus but it is small and apparently functionless during parturition. Formation of the median vaginal canal is commenced early in pregnancy. The median canal is usually unlined, but in some specimens (5 of 68) the canal carried a well-developed epithelium which was columnar anteriorly and stratified squamous posteriorly. The two types of lining originate as infundibula extending from the vaginal sac and the urogenital sinus respectively. The epithelium appears to organize canal formation, but it is not required in a protective capacity, and no evidence suggests that it facilitates parturition. Omission of the epithelium seems to be an evolutionary advance and, in the usual absence of median canal lining, canal organization is probably relegated to terminal epithelia of the median sac and the urogenital sinus. The lateral canals open widely during oestrus, providing for transmission of semen. During pregnancy they become constricted or sealed posteriorly, and are usually closed during dioestrus and anoestrus, separating the reproductive system from the urinary one. In principle, the lateral canals and the median canal are similar in their initiation (both types originating from evaginations of anterior and posterior epithelia) but their development differs through heterochrony, formation of the median canal being retarded. However, the canals differ also in their reactions during late pregnancy when the lateral canals close as the median one opens.

Chromosomal and histological changes in the reproductive organs of infertile men

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava D. Mićić ◽  
Nada V. Savković ◽  
Sava R. Mićić
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Infertile Men

scholarly journals PUBERAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGERIAN DWARF SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
B. I. Orji ◽  
J. Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Ram Lambs

Eleven ram lambs, all born between June and July (rainy season) were slaughtered at four age groups — 75, 100, 125 and 150 days. The body weights of animals prior to slaughter, the weights of the testes, the epididymis, the vesicular glands, the ampullae, the adrenals, the thyroids and the pituitary glands were determined and subjected to a step-wise multiple regression analysis using age or body weight as the independent variable. The weights of the reproductive organs – testes, epididymides, ampullae, vesicular glands - showed significantly higher correlation with the body weight than with the age, thus emphasizing the greater importance of the physiological age over the chronological age in the development of the body organs. The highest growth rate of the organs of the reproductive tract occurred during puberty and thus coincided with the enhanced endocrine function observed in ram lambs at this stage.

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