scholarly journals Representation of Female Superhero and Gender Roles in the Avengers: Endgame

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Melly Ridaryanthi ◽  
Ceaserlyn Jindan Sinuyul
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

This paper aims to present the study about the representation of female superhero characters and gender roles in Avenger: Endgame. This study is justified to be important as females usually have their stereotypical representation in mass media, including film. Thus, it is crucial to explore and analyze whether or not female superheroes are depicted similarly. There are three main characters analyzed in this movie, namely Gamora, Black Widow, and Nebula. This study applies the semiotics method with a qualitative approach whereby Roland Barthes Semiotics is employed as the theoretical foundation of the analysis and strategy in this study. The research has focused on the representation of gender roles and physical manifestations of the characters in the film. The study has shown that (i) each of the characters plays several roles based on the context of the story, (ii) the balance of power between male and female are not equally distributed, and lastly (iii) Gamora and Nebula being different species than Black Widow which is human, had their appearance interpreted to possess a human-like body, yet the pattern of body size among these three-female superheroes sends a message that this body shape is the “ideal and desirable” body type.

scholarly journals Social norms of sexual initiation among adolescents and gender relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Vilela Borges ◽  
Eunice Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Sexual Relation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Moment

This study aimed to identify standards and expectations regarding sexual initiation of 14 to 18 year-old adolescents in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, using data from four focal groups conducted in 2006. Results revealed that gender issues are clearly present in participants' reports and showed to be essential in their choices about the moment, partners and contraceptive practices in the first sexual relation. Adolescents are subordinated to gender roles, traditionally attributed to male and female genders, i.e. the notion that sex is an uncontrolled instinct for boys, and intrinsically and closely associated to love and desire for girls. Adolescents also play a preponderant role in the perpetuation of these values within the group they live in.

Adolescents' Perceptions of the Gendered Context of Depression: "Tough" Boys and Objectified Girls

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wisdom ◽  
Amy Rees ◽  
Katherine Riley ◽  
Teresa Weis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Socialization Influence

Gender-specific attributes and socialization influence the development of depression in adolescents, but little research has addressed adolescents' views on this topic. We interviewed 22 adolescents regarding their views on the impact of sex and gender role influence in depression. Male and female participants: (a) described societal expectations and cultural messages, including high and conflicting expectations for girls, and consistent messages of being "macho" and unemotional for boys, as related to adolescent depression; (b) perceived physical changes during puberty as contributors to depression for girls, but not for boys; and (c) associated loneliness and rejection with depression for both boys and girls. We discuss implications for treatment that include directly addressing gender roles with depressed adolescents.

Assimilation gaming: The reification of compulsory gender roles in RuPaul’s Drag Race

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Michael Anthony DeAnda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
Visual Pleasure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Subversion

This article analyses the ‘Bunk Buddies’ mini-challenge on Season 8 of RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–present, USA: World of Wonder), during which the competitors identified the sexual positions of Andrew Christian models. In this episode (‘Shady Politics’ 2016), gaming and camera technologies work in tandem to repackage heteronormative models of gender and sexual identity for gay audiences. While the mini-challenge offers Andrew Christian models for visual pleasure of gay audiences, the game mechanics and camera angles reify masculine/feminine gender binaries in the way the preferred sexual positions between men are constructed, coding ‘tops’ as masculine and ‘bottoms’ as feminine. While stereotypes in the gay community also present similar understandings of compulsory gender roles, this depiction in RuPaul’s Drag Race, a groundbreaking television series celebrating gay lives and gender subversion through drag, is particularly troubling because it mythologizes a binary gender model that cites the heterosexual matrix and assimilates gay men into traditional male and female gender roles according to their preferred sexual positions. The ‘Bunk Buddies’ challenge thus suggests that sexual positions between men also have a literacy based on masculinity (penetrating) and femininity (receiving).

scholarly journals Connect vs conquer? CEO gender and implicit motives

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Brueckner ◽  
Janine Bosak ◽  
Jonas W.B. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Implicit Motives ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Power Motivation ◽  
Female Ceos ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Affiliation Motivation

PurposeThis study examined gender differences in CEOs' expression of implicit achievement, power and affiliation motivation. Building on the role congruity account of sex differences and similarities in motivation and existing literature on implicit motives, the study tested whether female CEOs would express higher affiliation motivation than male CEOs and similar levels of achievement motivation. In addition, gender differences in power motivation were explored.Design/methodology/approachThe study used propensity score matching to generate a comparable sample of male and female CEOs from publicly traded companies. Subsequently, the authors content-coded CEO letters from annual reports using Winter's (1994) manual for scoring motive imagery in running text.FindingsOverall, CEOs expressed more achievement and power motivation than affiliation motivation. Comparisons between male and female CEOs showed that female CEOs expressed lower power and higher affiliation motivation than male CEOs.Research limitations/implicationsBy integrating implicit motive theory with social role theory and the role congruity account of motivation, this study provides a theoretical framework and novel demonstration that understanding social roles and gender roles can lend insights into motive expression by CEOs.Originality/valueThe study uses established theory and a validated scoring method in a novel way by analyzing implicit motives from CEO letters, a critical communication channel in the CEO–shareholder relationship. In doing so, this study adopts a sociocultural perspective. Informed by the role congruity account of motivation, the study demonstrates the importance of social roles and gender roles for motivational displays.

Assimilation gaming: The reification of compulsory gender roles in RuPaul’s Drag Race

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Michael Anthony DeAnda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
Visual Pleasure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Subversion

This article analyses the ‘Bunk Buddies’ mini-challenge on Season 8 of RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–present, USA: World of Wonder), during which the competitors identified the sexual positions of Andrew Christian models. In this episode (‘Shady Politics’ 2016), gaming and camera technologies work in tandem to repackage heteronormative models of gender and sexual identity for gay audiences. While the mini-challenge offers Andrew Christian models for visual pleasure of gay audiences, the game mechanics and camera angles reify masculine/feminine gender binaries in the way the preferred sexual positions between men are constructed, coding ‘tops’ as masculine and ‘bottoms’ as feminine. While stereotypes in the gay community also present similar understandings of compulsory gender roles, this depiction in RuPaul’s Drag Race, a groundbreaking television series celebrating gay lives and gender subversion through drag, is particularly troubling because it mythologizes a binary gender model that cites the heterosexual matrix and assimilates gay men into traditional male and female gender roles according to their preferred sexual positions. The ‘Bunk Buddies’ challenge thus suggests that sexual positions between men also have a literacy based on masculinity (penetrating) and femininity (receiving).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ideologi Peran Jender terhadap Pemberian Dukungan kepada Calon Pemimpin Perempuan pada Organisasi Kemahasiswaan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Rochimah Imawati ◽  
Radhiya Bustan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Ideal

Jender sering dipahami sebagai karakter yang melekat dalam diri perempuan maupun lak-laki yang dikonstruksi secara sosial maupun kultural. Konstruksi tersebut secara langsung atau tidak menimbulkan harapan yang berbeda terhadap <em>ideal selves</em>laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat bagaimana ideologi peran  jender dalam pemilihan pemimpin perempuan pada organisasi kemahasiswaan (intra kampus) di UAI tahun 2009.<h6 align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></h6><p style="text-align: justify;" align="center">Gender was often understood as a character inherent inboth women and men, who socially and culturally constructed. This construction was directly or indirectly leads to different expectations of the ideal selves of male and female. This study  attempted  to discuss how ideology of gender roles in the election of  women leaders  in  student organizations (intra-campus) at UAI, 2009.</p>

scholarly journals Gendered Perceptions of Odd and Even Numbers: An Implicit Association Study From Arabic Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Jordan ◽  
Hajar Aman Key Yekani ◽  
Mercedes Sheen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Agency And Communion ◽  
And Gender

Previous studies conducted in the United States indicate that people associate numbers with gender, such that odd numbers are more likely to be considered male and even numbers considered female. It has been argued that this number gendering phenomenon is acquired through social learning and conditioning, and that male-odd/female-even associations reflect a general, cross-cultural human consensus on gender roles relating to agency and communion. However, the incidence and pattern of number gendering in cultures outside the United States remains to be established. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to determine whether people from a culture and country very different from the United States (specifically, native Arabic citizens living in the Arabic culture of the United Arab Emirates) also associate numbers with gender, and, if they do, whether the pattern of these associations is the male-odd/female-even associations previously observed. To investigate this issue, we adopted the Implicit Association Test used frequently in previous research, where associations between numbers (odd and even) and gender (male and female faces) were examined using male and female Arabic participants native to, and resident in, the United Arab Emirates. The findings indicated that the association of numbers with gender does occur in Arabic culture. But while Arabic females associated odd numbers with male faces and even numbers with female faces (the pattern of previous findings in the United States), Arabic males showed the reversed pattern of gender associations, associating even numbers with male faces and odd numbers with female faces. These findings support the view that number gendering is indeed a cross-cultural phenomenon and show that the phenomenon occurs across very different countries and cultures. But the findings also suggest that the pattern with which numbers are associated with gender is not universal and, instead, reflects culture-specific views on gender roles which may change across cultures and gender. Further implications for understanding the association of numbers with gender across human societies are discussed.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

Leadership and Gender Stereotyping of Emotions

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fischbach ◽  
Philipp W. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Nina Horstmann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Leadership Perceptions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
General Managers ◽  
Leadership Success ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Successful Manager

Abstract. People believe women are more emotional than men but it remains unclear to what extent such emotion stereotypes affect leadership perceptions. Extending the think manager-think male paradigm ( Schein, 1973 ), we examined the similarity of emotion expression descriptions of women, men, and managers. In a field-based online experiment, 1,098 participants (male and female managers and employees) rated one of seven target groups on 17 emotions: men or women (in general, managers, or successful managers), or successful managers. Men in general are described as more similar to successful managers in emotion expression than are women in general. Only with the label manager or successful manager do women-successful manager similarities on emotion expression increase. These emotion stereotypes might hinder women’s leadership success.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document