scholarly journals The heuristic capabilities of the family epistolary texts in the Russian Sstate

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Shatokhin ◽  
Svetlana B. Shatokhina ◽  
Margarita L. Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Epistolary Texts ◽  
High Ranking Official

The purpose of this article is to examine the composition of letter texts by Von Wall and his family as a potential source for the study of everyday family life by a high-ranking official of the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the nineteenth century - early twentieth century. The methodological basis of this study is the historical and anthropological approach and methods of source analysis according to sources of personal origin. This article presents the results of Von Wall. The study of the legacy of von Wall and his family focused on three Russian federal archives. The authors found several groups of correspondence from the closest circle of correspondence with Von Wall is a special group consisting of epistemological texts addressed to Von Wall, his siblings, his wife and children. Some of the features of the composition of these documents are due to various circumstances such as the establishment of interpersonal relationships in his family, how to maintain correspondence, saving drafts and copies of his correspondence by von Wahl.

scholarly journals Territorial Heraldry of the Muscovite Tsardom in the “Titulyarnik” of 1672

2021 ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Pchelov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
Coats Of Arms

The article is devoted to the analysis of images of territorial coats of arms in the "Titulyarnik" of 1672. The "Titulyarnik," existing in several copies, is the most important source on the history of Russian heraldry. It is a complete visual embodiment of the complex of territorial coats of arms, formed via mentioning the corresponding lands in the royal title. By the early 1670s, the territorial title of the Russian tsars included over 30 names. It had significantly changed and had been supplemented in connection with the events of the war between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of 1654–67, which was successful and resulted in annexation of new territories. These territorial incorporations were interpreted by the Russian side as the return of the ancestral lands, the "fatherland" of the Muscovite sovereigns. The "Titulyarnik" became the second source after the Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible, in which the heraldic representation of the royal title was given in its entirety. The complex of territorial coats of arms underwent certain changes since the end of the 1570s, when the Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible had been created. These changes most probably took place under the first Romanovs, starting in the 1620s. At the same time, some coats of arms were re-drawn. In the "Titulyarnik," most of the territorial coats of arms were also changed. Moreover, the complex of territorial coats of arms was supplemented with completely new coats of arms. Iconographic and source analysis of the images of coats of arms and their comparison with earlier versions has allowed the author to identify some important patterns of their transformation. It has been determined that many territorial coats of arms of the "Titulyarnik" were significantly strengthened by Christian semantics. This was primarily done by addition of various Christian symbols to the coats of arms. The most important of these symbols was the cross, represented in its two forms — straight and x-shaped cross. Thus, the heraldic reform carried out in the "Titulyarnik" was consistent; it was associated with the need to emphasize the Orthodox nature of the Muscovite Tsardom as guardian and defender of the Christian religion. Christian semantics also appeared in the heraldic verses written by an unknown author in the 1670s. In these verses, the territorial coats of arms were described and their interpretation was given. Variants of the coats of arms presented in the "Titulyarnik" continued to exist in the period of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Alphabetical Lists of Confirmed and Ascribed Nobles of the Ufa and Orenburg Gubernias of the Russian Empire as a Historical source: The Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 627-639
Author(s):  
Albina Ya. Ilyasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plain Paper ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article presents the results of the source studies analyses of the alphabetical lists of confirmed and ascribed nobles of the Ufa and Orenburg gubernias from the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). Imperially approved opinion of the State Council of the Russian Empire (January 2, 1861) ordered national noble assemblies to send annually to the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate “alphabetical lists of noble families during the year confirmed in their nobility by the Governing Senate” and “similar lists of those families, to which, in the course of the year, were attached some individuals.” Most of these lists are preserved in the materials of the “Third Department of the Senate” fond of the Russian State Historical Archive. The archives holds original copies of 39 reports and 65 lists, including 28 lists of confirmed nobles, and 37 — of ascribed, which were sent to the to the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate by the Orenburg Noble Assembly in 1862-1917; and 48 reports and 89 lists, including 41 of confirmed nobles and 48 — of ascribed, which were sent to the Department of Heraldry by the Ufa Noble Assembly in 1866-1917. These documents are written on plain paper on both sides of the sheet sized 22.2 (width) * 35.4 (height) cm. Most are handwritten. Reports of the Ufa Noble Assembly became typewritten from 1899 on, those of the Noble Orenburg Assembly — since 1911; lists of Ufa Noble Assembly became typewritten from 1897 on, of the Orenburg Noble Assembly — from 1908 on. The lists have a title page. Information about the nobles is given in tabular form. A list of confirmed nobles contains the following information: surname, name, patronymic of the person confirmed in hereditary nobility; date of the resolution of the Noble Assembly on declaring them a noble; part of the genealogical book, in which that person was entered; the date of receipt of documents for consideration in the Department of Heraldry; date and number of the confirming decree of Department of the Heraldry. The list of ascribed nobles includes such data as: surname, name, patronymic of the person added to the nobility; the date of the resolution of the Noble Assembly to ascribe the person to a noble family, confirmed by the Department of Heraldry; name, date, and document number(s) on the basis of which they were ascribed; part of the genealogical book, in which the family was entered; date and number of the decree of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate confirming the family to rank among the nobility. The list was to be certified by signatures of the gubernia marshal of nobility, or those acting in that position, and by the secretary of the Noble Assembly. The list was not sealed. These documents are unique and quite valuable written sources on the history of the Russian nobility.

The North-South Civilizational Divide in Osip Mandelstam’s Philosophical and Literary Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Alexei A. Kara-Murza
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Boris Pasternak ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Poetic Style

The article discusses the problem of cultural and civilizational self-identification in the works of Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam. According to the family legend, the Mandelstam family descended from Spanish Jews who fled from Spanish kings’ persecution, and then moved, in search of better life, further and further to the north of Europe, until they finally settled in the Russian Empire. In our view, young Osip Mandelstam was formed as a poet in the traditions of the literature of the “Russian North,” derived from Gavriil Derzhavin, Prince Peter Vyazemsky, Anton Delvig, and Alexander Pushkin. Mandelstam was a direct literary follower of the Russian symbolist poet of Swedish origin, I.I. Oreus (who published under the pseudonym of “Ivan Konevskoy”). The name of Oreus-Konevskoy, his magical poetic style, the circumstances of his death, and finally, his romantic grave on the steep bank of the Latvian river Aa (Gauja) – became truly iconic phenomena of the Russian Silver Age. Oreus-Konevskoy had a great influence not only on young Mandelstam’s verse (some of his famous poems are direct “literary duels” with the Teacher) but also on Alexander Blok, Valery Bryusov, and early Boris Pasternak. The author of the article analyzes how in the first post-revolutionary years Osip Mandelstam tried to become one of the theorists of the Soviet “Northern” literature. In the author’s view, when the repressive nature of the new regime became obvious and the “NorthernPetersburgian” Russia showed its totalitarian-Bolshevik appearance, there started a radical turn in Mandelstam’s self-consciousness, which led to an attempt to form a new personal identity, as a person belonging to the “cultural South,” who tragically found himself in the “barbaric North.”

scholarly journals «HOW CAN I MARRY YOU WHEN I AM MARRIED?» DIVORCE IN PERM PROVINCE IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
V. V. Belosludtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Revolution

The article discusses the problems of divorce in the Perm province in the late 19th − early 20th centuries. The author describes the causes and dynamics of divorces, analyzes the divorce cases of representatives of the philistine estate in Perm and reveals the difficulties faced by spouses who wanted to end family relationships. In the 19th − early 20th centuries, matters of marriage and family were related to the church department, which by all means tried to limit divorces. It was assumed that marriages should be maintained throughout life and only death could separate the spouses. A formal divorce could be made by a formal spiritual court at the suit of one of the spouses in the presence of strictly regulated reasons, which were few. Although the process of divorce was as complicated as possible, the number of divorces was slowly but steadily growing. The process became especially noticeable after 1905. Divorce proceedings in the Perm province in the late 19th − early 20th centuries were largely similar to the processes taking place in the Russian Empire as a whole, but there were some features. In particular, in the province, the percentage of divorces due to adultery was slightly lower in the period after the revolution of 1905, but the percentage of divorces because of the reference to hard labor in Siberia and the unknown absence of one of the spouses was higher. Adultery was almost the only reason for divorce among Perm bourgeoisie; the rest were extremely rare and did not significantly affect the demographic parameters of the family.

scholarly journals THE KOCHUBEY FTMELY AS LITERARY HEROES

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
O. ORLOVA
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Psychological Aspect ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
State Reform ◽  
The Family ◽  
Literary Memory ◽  
Literary Characters ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Great Northern War

The Kochubey family has left a significant mark on history, politics, and state reform. The article considers the representatives of the family as statesmen and literary characters of the works of Alexander Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy. Vasyl Kochubey, the protagonist of the poem “Poltava”, provokes discussions about Pushkin’s assessments of the events of the Great Northern War. However, the author of the poem was interested primarily in the psychological aspect of the character of a person who was captivated by parental feelings. The romanticized image of Kochubey is similar to the image of Mazepa from Byron’s poem, also far from historical similarity. L. Tolstoy’s novel depicts another well-known representative of the family, Viktor Pavlovich Kochubey, whose role in the work is significant not in the plot development, but ideologically - as an alternative to the Decembrist path of development of the Russian Empire. This is the hero who influenced the principles of Andrew Balkonsky, partially influenced the views of his son. The article suggests the absence of images of Dykan Kochubeys in the works of M. Gogol. The theme of historical and literary memory in the works of M. Gogol, who bypassed the silence of famous neighbors, is studied. The Kochubey family left a noticeable mark on Poltava land. Dykanka is still called Kochubeyivska, there is the Mykolayiv Church with a family crypt and an oak alley, which witnessed the love of Mazepa and Motri.

scholarly journals Personal Freedom in Estonian Marriage Law between 1918 and 1940

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Katrin Kiirend-Pruuli
Keyword(s):  
Family Law ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marital Property ◽  
Female Lawyers ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Property Regime

Although Estonia started to develop its own legal system after gaining independence in 1918, many of the old laws from the Russian Empire remained in force in the interim. Soon, Estonia started to develop its own civil code. The old Baltic Private Law Code was highly patriarchal, and various aspects of family law reform were extensively discussed throughout the 1920s and 1930s. While the need for reform was widely accepted, opinions as to its extent varied considerably: female lawyers, inspired by Scandinavian laws, fought for the greatest possible degree of freedom and equality between spouses, while conservative politicians preferred more moderate changes. The article examines two main questions connected with the developments of those times – how much freedom the state gave to spouses for regulating their personal and proprietary relations and how much personal freedom the wife had in comparison to the husband. The norms regulating personal relations, the statutory matrimonial property regime, and the contract related to marital property are analysed in connection with efforts to identify the merits and reasonable limits of personal freedom in marriage. The family law in force in the 1920s and 1930s is compared with draft forms of the Estonian Civil Code, for uncovering how the compilers of the new version achieved balance between modern liberal ideas of personal freedom and traditional concerns about upholding stability of marriage.

scholarly journals Джебцзун-Дамба-хутухта и амбань Сань До: начало противостояния (из донесений генерального консула в Урге Я. П. Шишмарева в 1910 году)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Bazar D. Tsybenov ◽  
◽  
Leonid V. Kuras
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Russian Research

Introduction. The situation in non-Han territories of the Qing Empire that preceded the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 was quite tense. Outer Mongolia became the scene of growing impatience with the dominance of the Manchu administration and Chinese merchants, which attested to weak positions of the Qing dynasty in the region. In the meantime, the Russian Empire in every way available increased its political and economic influence on Outer Mongolia. Goals and Objectives. The article studies the relationships between the religious leader of Mongolia Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu and the new appointee of the Qing Empire Amban Sando. Sando proved a supporter of the ‘new policy’ who had served as a Manchu official in South China, and then spent seven years in Japan. Immediately prior to Urga, he had been ruling the Tumet Banners. The research objectives set include as follows: review of Amban Sando’s activities between his arrival to Urga in February 1910 to April 1910; insight into the March 1910 Urga unrest of Buddhist priests; analysis of interpersonal relationships between Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu and Sando. Somewhat secondary tasks are to analyze reactions of Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu and the Mongolian population to the departure of the 13th Dalai Lama to India in 1910; to consider the problem of the emerged rebel detachment led by Togtokho from Inner to Outer Mongolia. Materials. The work analyzes reports by Russian Consul General in Urga Ya. Shishmarev housed by the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. The study also examines some Mongolian and Russian research works. Conclusions. According to Ya. Shishmarev, Sando was supporting China’s reforms and entered the Urga office with all his might. The reports inform the relationships between Sando and Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu were tough since the very beginning, and they worsened after the March 1910 Urga unrest largely joined by Buddhist monks. The Russian official concludes Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu was quite satisfied with the 13th Dalai Lama’s departure towards India, and reports that the border Mongolian population was supporting Togtokho’s rebel detachment from Inner Mongolia.

V. Carl Erdmann – ein deutschbaltischer Provinzialrechtler mit Idealen

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-177
Author(s):  
Marju Luts-Sootak
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Generational Continuity

Abstract Carl Erdmann − a German-Baltic provincial lawyer with ideals. Carl Eduard Erdmann (1841–1898), almost forgotten today, produced the most comprehensive work on the private law of the Baltic provinces of the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. With a good reason, he is considered the most outstanding philosophical mind among the Baltic provincial lawyers. His doctrines on the person and ownership in law are deeply rooted not in the modern philosophy of freedom, but in Christian ideals. The person had its ultimate justification in the divine personality. The idea of ownership was to be kept free from individualistic egoism and embedded in the generational continuity of the family. These ideals explain how Erdmann was able to combine his legal technique of German Pandektistik with the pre-modern normative guidelines of Baltic private law codification.

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