scholarly journals Effects of Pimpinella anisum oil Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice experimentally induced for human Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Rasha Abdul-Hussien Mahood
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
Oil Extract

n this study, the effect of Pimpinella anisum oil (Anise oil) extract is evaluated on some biochemical parameters in PCOS mice as a model for human PCOS. Estrous cyclicity of 24 adult cycling mice was monitored by vaginal smears. After about 4 days, 18 mice received an intramuscular (I.M.) injection of a single dose of estradiol valerate (EV), one mg in 0.1 ml of corn oil to induce (PCOS), corn oil was injected to the six mice in the control group. After 60 days from injection, mice with (PCOS) were orally administered multiple doses (200, 400) mg/kg Body weight of anise oil extract for 15 days. The histological (ovary) and hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone) results showed that anise oil can decrease signs of PCOS in the ovarian tissue and altered concentrations of luteinizing hormone.

Abnormal expression of uncoupling protein-2 correlates with CYP11A1 expression in polycystic ovary syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liu ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Ling-Yun He ◽  
Wu-Jian Huang ◽  
Xiao-Yu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Protein Levels

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may result from hypersensitivity to insulin, which is negatively regulated by uncoupling protein (UCP)-2. Because cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) is closely linked to PCOS, the expression of UCP-2 and CYP11A1 in ovarian tissues from PCOS patients was examined in the present study. Twelve PCOS patients with hyperandrogenaemia who underwent laparoscopic ovarian wedge resection and 12 age-matched control patients who underwent contralateral ovarian biopsy were enrolled in the study. UCP-2 expression in early stage (primordial, primary and secondary) and late stage (sinus and mature) follicles was examined using immunohistochemistry, whereas UCP-2 and CYP11A1 mRNA and protein levels in ovarian tissue were determined using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. UCP-2 expression increased significantly with follicular development in both control and PCOS tissue, with expression in early stage follicles from PCOS patients significantly greater than that in controls. In addition, both UCP-2 and CYP11A1mRNA and protein levels, mean fasting blood glucose concentrations and fasting serum insulin levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients compared with the control group. Finally, a significant correlation between UCP-2 and CYP11A1 expression was found in PCOS but not control patients. In conclusion, in PCOS patients, there was a correlation between UCP-2 and CYP11A1 expression, which was significantly higher than in the control group. These changes in UCP-2 and CYP11A1 expression may mediate follicle development in PCOS.

scholarly journals MON-002 The Effect of GNRHR Autoantibody on Reproduction Function and Insulin Signaling Intermediates in a New Animal Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Li ◽  
Yankai Guo ◽  
Gege Zhang ◽  
Jielin Deng ◽  
Hayley Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a metabolic and reproductive associated disease, defined as hyperandrogenism with reproductive dysfunction including menstrual disorder, anovulation, infertility, polycystic ovary and so on. We previously showed reported a high percentage of activating autoantibodies (AAb) directed toward the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) in PCOS patients, and further demonstrated elevated GnRHR-autoantibody (GnRHR-AAb) could induced insulin resistance in energy storage and peripheral tissue in immunized animals. In the present study, we have now induced specific GnRHR-ECL2 AAb in rats and explored the underlying mechanisms of their resultant reproductive dysfunction. Methods: Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a GnRHR group (n=8) and a control group (n=8). Rats in the GnRHR group were immunized with GnRHR ECL2 peptide while the controls were not. Epitope mapping of GnRHR-ECL2-directed AAb was performed using octapeptide multipin solid-phase peptides. Rat estrus cycle was measured through pudendum appearance and vaginal smears. Ovarian and pituitary tissues were collected to observe ovarian morphological changes, to examine the expressions of proteins and genes of insulin signaling pathway by Quantitative real-time PCR respectively. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the ovary was detected by Bio-plex Pro™ magnetic bead-based assays on the Bio-plex®. Results: The GnRHR-AAb titers and activity in the GnRHR group were significantly higher than the control group, and the GnRHR-AAb from the immunized rats reacted predominantly with the peptide sequence FSQCVTHC of the GnRHR-ECL2. Numbers of LH pulses and concentration of testosterone in GnRHR group were significantly higher than control group. The GnRHR group exhibited lower frequency of in the appearance of proestrus and estrous phases while the control group represented had a higher frequency in the appearance of metestrus and diestrus stages on estrus cyclicity. The GnRHR-immunized group showed demonstrated increased atretic follicles, decreased corpora lutea, loosely packed granulosa cells, and thecal cell hyperplasia in ovarian tissue compared with controls group. There was GnRHR group represented increased expressions of IRS-1, PI3K and GLUT-1 in ovarian and pituitary tissues compared with control group. However, no obvious changes of inflammatory cytokines are observed in ovarian tissues between two groups. Conclusion: Chronic elevated GnRHR-AAb exerts induced reproductive dysfunction through increased ovarian LH secretion and androgen production, thus likely leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia which ultimately enhanced insulin signaling in reproductive tissues to exert more and androgen production to, which may provide a novel etiological mechanism for PCOS.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effect of Citrullus colocynthis Hydro-Alcoholic Extract and Metformin on Morphometric Ovarian Follicles Disorders in Estradilol valerate-Iinduced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e1045
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Barzegar Bafrouei ◽  
Homayoun Khazali ◽  
Seyyed Mehdi Kalantar ◽  
Arezoo Khoradmehr
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Mean Diameter

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects 6-10% of women in reproductive age. The medicinal values of Citrullus colocynthis extract (CCT) stems from its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study evaluated the comparative effect of CCT and metformin on morphometric ovarian disorders in PCOS rats.Materials and Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats having 2-3 consecutive estrous cycles during two weeks were divided into five groups (n=10 each group).  The rats in the control group only received sesame oil as estradiol valerate solvent, whereas the rats in the sham group were injected intramuscularly with 4 mg/rat estradiol valerate-induced PCOS. Following PCOS induction, the rats in the metformin group received 50 mg/kg metformin orally for three weeks. Rats in the Extract group were treated with 50 mg/kg plant extract for 21 days following the induction with PCOS. Additionally, the rats in metformin+ extract group were treated with the combination of 50 mg metformin plus plant extract for three weeks. The ovaries were removed and were fixed for tissue processing. The slices were stained by hematoxylin-eosin after clearing and hydration. Follicular count and morphometric changes were evaluated in primordial, primary, pre-antral and antral follicles.Results: The mean diameter of primordial follicle was similar in all groups, but mean diameter of primary follicle decreased in the sham group (145.50± 49.26 µm) compared to metformin (278.76± 156.64 µm), extract (311.70± 147.74 µm) and metformin+ extract groups (265.35± 88.16 µm). The diameter of pre-antral and antral follicles in the sham group were significantly larger than those in the control group, but were not significantly different in all other groups including metformin, extract, and metformin+ extract in comparison with control group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: In this study, the data has demonstrated that CCT like metformin could improve follicular morphometric disorders in PCOS rats. [GMJ.2018;7:e1045] 

scholarly journals Kisspeptin and polycystic ovary syndrome - is there any connection?

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Nigar F. Ganbarli ◽  
Natalia N. Tkachenko ◽  
Vera I. Nikolaeva ◽  
Gulrukhsor Kh. Tolibova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Women

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. It is known that kisspeptin stimulates activity of GnRH neurons and secretion of FSH and LH, thus disruption of interaction between kisspeptin and its receptor leads to anovulation. The aim of the study was to investigate the role kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and methods. The study included 14 patients with classic phenotype of PCOS and 11 healthy women of the control group. All the patients underwent laparoscopy and hysteroscopy with histological examination of ovarian tissue and endometrium. Determination of kisspeptin, FSH, LH, prolactin, AMH, estradiol, estrone, androgens (free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) levels in peripheral blood in healthy women and patients with PCOS was performed by ELISA on the 2d and 8th days of menstrual cycle. Progesterone levels were investigated on the 18th-22d days of menstrual cycle. Expression of kisspeptin and its receptor in ovarian tissue and endometrium was estimated using immunohistochemical method. Results. Level of kisspeptin in peripheral blood of patients with PCOS tends to increase compared to its level in the control group, but the found difference was not reliable. Direct correlation between serum level of kisspeptin and levels of LH, free testosterone and DHEA-S was revealed in patients with PCOS. Immunohistochemical study in patients with PCOS showed a significant increase in the area of expression of КІЅЅ1 and KISS1R receptor in endometrium and in ovarian biopsies compared to these values in the control group. Conclusion. The obtained data show a definite role of kisspeptin in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome, but further research is needed.

scholarly journals Urinary bisphenol A in women with polycystic ovary syndrome – a possible suppressive effect on steroidogenesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Lazúrová ◽  
Jana Figurová ◽  
Beáta Hubková ◽  
Jana Mašlanková ◽  
Ivica Lazúrová
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Steroidogenesis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives There is a growing evidence indicating an impact of endocrine distrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) on human reproduction. Its higher levels in serum or urine have been documented in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however the relationship to ovarian steroidogenesis remains unclear. Aim of the study was to compare urinary BPA (U-BPA) concentrations among PCOS women and control group. Second aim was to assess the relationship of U-BPA to ovarian steroidogenesis in the group with PCOS. Methods Eighty six Caucasian women (age 28.5 ± 5.1 years) diagnosed with PCOS and 32 controls of age 24.9 ± 4.4 years were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters and steroid hormones. U-BPA was measured in the morning urine sample using high pressure liquid chromatography. Results PCOS women had significantly higher U-BPA as compared with control group (p=0.0001). Those with high levels of U-BPA (U-BPA ≥2.14 ug/g creatinine) demonstrated higher serum insulin (p=0.029) and HOMA IR (p=0.037), lower serum estrone (p=0.05), estradiol (p=0.0126), FSH (p=0.0056), and FAI (p=0.0088), as compared with low-BPA group (U- BPA <2.14 ug/g creatinine). In PCOS women, U-BPA positively correlated with age (p=0.0026; R2=0.17), negatively with estradiol (p=0.0001, R2=0.5), testosterone (p=0.0078, R2=0.15), free-testosterone (p=0.0094, R2=0.12) and FAI (p=0.0003, R2=0.32), respectively. Conclusions PCOS women have significantly higher U-BPA concentrations than healthy controls. U-BPA positively correlates with age and negatively with ovarian steroid hormones suggesting a possible suppressive effect of bisphenol A on ovarian steroidogenesis.

scholarly journals The Relevant Hormonal Levels and Diagnostic Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Elena Khashchenko ◽  
Elena Uvarova ◽  
Mikhail Vysokikh ◽  
Tatyana Ivanets ◽  
Lyubov Krechetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Features

Relevance: The clinical picture of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is extremely polymorphic, especially in adolescence. At the same time, the diagnostic criteria of PCOS in adolescence are still under discussion, and the hormonal parameters, including anti-Mullerian hormone range and hyperandrogenism, are not determined. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pivotal clinical and hormonal features of PCOS in adolescents and to establish the age-specific thresholds of the most essential hormonal parameters. Design: A case-control study. Methods: The study included 130 girls with PCOS according to the complete Rotterdam criteria, aged 15 to 17 years. The control group consisted of 30 healthy girls with a regular menstrual cycle of the same age. A complete clinical and laboratory examination, hormonal assays, and ultrasound of the pelvic organs were performed. The serums anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/FSH, prolactin, estradiol, 17α-OH progesterone (17α-OHP), androstenedione, testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), leptin, and free androgen index (FAI) were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of AMH, FAI, LH/FSH, T, and androstenedione levels in predicting PCOS in adolescents was established using a logistic regression model and calculating area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results: The serum levels of LH (9.0 (5.4–13.8) vs. 3.7 (2.5–4.7) IU/L; p < 0.0001), LH/FSH (1.6 (1.0–2.3) vs. 0.7 (0.5–1.1); p < 0.0001), 17α–OHP (4.1 (3.2–5.1) vs. 3.4 (2.7–3.8) nmol/L; p = 0.0071), cortisol (464.0 ± 147.6 vs. 284.0 ± 129.7 nmol/L; p < 0.0001), prolactin (266.0 (175.0–405.0) vs. 189.0 (142.0–269.0) mIU/L; p = 0.0141), T (1.9 (1.2–2.5) vs. 0.8 (0.7–1.1) nmol/L; p < 0.0001), androstenedione (15.8 (11.6–23.2) vs. 8.3 (6.5–10.8) ng/mL; p < 0.0001), AMH (9.5 (7.5–14.9) vs. 5.8 (3.8–6.9) ng/mL; p < 0.0001), FAI (5.5 (2.8–7.0) vs. 1.6 (1.1–2.3); p < 0.0001), SHBG (37.0 (24.7–55.5) vs. 52.9 (39.0–67.6) nmol/L; p = 0.0136), DHEAS (6.8 ± 3.2 vs. 5.1 ± 1.5 μmol/L; p = 0.0039), and leptin (38.7 ± 27.1 vs. 23.7 ± 14.0 ng/mL; p = 0.0178) were significantly altered in the PCOS patients compared to the controls. Multivariate analysis of all studied hormonal and instrumental parameters of PCOS in adolescents revealed as the most essential: AMH level > 7.20 ng/mL, FAI > 2.75, androstenedione > 11.45 ng/mL, total T > 1.15 nmol/L, LH/FSH ratio > 1.23, and the volume of each ovary > 10.70 cm3 (for each criterion sensitivity ≥ 75.0–93.0%, specificity ≥ 83.0–93.0%). The diagnostic accuracy of PCOS determination was 90.2–91.6% with the combined use of either four detected indexes, which was significantly higher than the use of each index separately. The accuracy of PCOS diagnostics reached 92% using AMH and leptin concentrations when the value of the logistic regression function [85.73 − (1.73 × AMH) − (0.12 × Leptin)] was less than 70.72. Conclusions: The results of the study estimate the threshold for AMH, FAI, androstenedione, testosterone, LH/FSH, and ovarian volume, which could be suggested for use in the PCOS diagnostics in adolescents with a high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the combination of either four determined indexes improved the diagnostic accuracy for the PCOS detection in adolescents.

Health Care-Related Economic Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United States: Pregnancy-Related and Long-Term Health Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Riestenberg ◽  
Anika Jagasia ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
Richard P Buyalos ◽  
Ricardo Azziz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women, affecting approximately 5-20% of women of reproductive age. A previous estimate noted that the economic burden of PCOS approximates $3.7 billion annually in 2020 USD when considering only the costs of the initial diagnosis and of reproductive endocrine morbidities, not considering the costs of pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities. Objective To estimate the excess prevalence and economic burden of pregnancy-related and long-term health morbidities attributable to PCOS. Data Sources PubMed, EmBase and Cochrane Library. Study Selection Studies in which the diagnosis of PCOS was consistent with the Rotterdam, National Institutes of Health (NIH), or Androgen Excess & PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society criteria, or that used electronic medical record diagnosis codes, or diagnosis based on histopathologic sampling were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included an outcome of interest and a control group of non-PCOS patients who were matched or controlled for body mass index (BMI) were included. Data Extraction Two investigators working independently extracted data on study characteristics and outcomes. Data Synthesis Data was pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The I 2statistic was used to assess inter-study heterogeneity. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results The additional total healthcare-related economic burden due to pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities associated with PCOS in the United States is estimated to be $4.3 billion annually in 2020 USD. Conclusions Together with our prior analysis, the economic burden of PCOS is estimated at $8 billion annually in 2020 USD.

Impacts of Metformin on Local Ovarian Cell Tissue of Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Intestinal Flora Under Aerobic Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2381-2388
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Cell ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Igf I

In order to explore the possible treatment mechanism of metformin on the local ovarian cell tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 35 female clean sterile rats were selected as the research objects in this study, and randomly divided a PCOS model group (PCOS MG) (25 rats) and a control group (CG) (10 rats). After the modelling was completed, 5 rats were randomly selected to evaluate the modelling effect. When the success rate was higher than 80%, the remaining model rats were divided into two groups randomly, namely the (PCOS MG) (10 rats) and the treatment group (TG) (10 rats). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed on ovarian tissue of the rat, and the ovarian tissue structure was observed under light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution and expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on the ovaries of rats in each group. It was found by observing the vaginal smear under the microscope that the rats in the (PCOS MG) had lost the regular estrous cycle, suggesting that there was no ovulation. The expression levels of TNF-α and CTGF in rats in the (PCOS MG) were greatly higher than those in the CG (P < 0.05); compared with the (PCOS MG), the expression levels of TNF-α and CTGF in the TG were decreased observably (P < 0.05). IGF-I was mainly expressed in granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular membrane cells (FMCs) of the ovarian tissue. The expression level of IGF-I in ovarian GCs in rats in the (PCOS MG) was significantly higher than that in the CG (P < 0.05). The expression level of IGF-I in GCs in the TG was lower significantly than that in the (PCOS MG) (P < 0.05). By comparing with rats in the CG, the rats in the (PCOS MG) had obviously decreased Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the intestinal tract, and the proportion of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly increased; the amount of butyric acid in the faeces of rats with aerobic exercise was obviously higher than that in the (PCOS MG), because exercise increased the proportion of intestinal butyric acid-producing bacteria. Conclusion: metformin combined with aerobic exercise can treat the PCOS by regulating serum hormone levels and the expression levels of TNF-α, IGF-I, and CTGF.

Serum Vitamin D Binding Protein Level Associated with Metabolic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Plaksej ◽  
Renato Pasquali ◽  
Andrzej Milewicz ◽  
Felicja Lwow ◽  
Diana Jedrzejuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

AbstractThe objective of the study was to measure the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and assess their relationships with cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A group of 267 women, aged 20–35 years (24.7 ± 4.9): 167 with PCOS and 100 healthy women were divided according to body mass index. Biochemical and hormonal parameters were measured. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated using the mathematical equations. The percentage of body fat and visceral fat deposit were assessed by DXA. In the normal weight control group total, free, bioavailable 25(OH)D (p<0.001 for all) were significantly higher than in its overweight/obese counterpart, while VDBP levels were comparable. In PCOS women total 25(OH)D (p<0.001), and VDBP (p –0.006) were lower in the overweight/obese subgroups than in the normal weight ones. In both groups serum VDBP levels correlated negatively with serum insulin and positively with sex hormone binding globulin. In PCOS group, in contrast to control group, VDPB was negatively correlated with abdominal fat deposit, BMI, fasting glucose and positively with HDL. Despite lower total 25(OH)D in obese PCOS women, all women with PCOS (lean and obese) had comparable free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, which might be a result of concomitantly lowered serum VDBP levels in obese PCOS women. VDBP might play important role in the regulation of availability of active fractions of 25(OH)D in PCOS women. VDBP seems to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, and fasting serum insulin in women with PCOS.

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