scholarly journals Developed generations of electric buses produced by Ursus

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wielgus ◽  
Dariusz Kasperek ◽  
Arkadiusz Małek ◽  
Tomasz Łusiak
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations

In April 2017 at Hannover Messe presented electric-hydrogen bus produced by Ursus. It is already the third generation of electric buses introduced on the market by the manufacturer from Lublin. The article contains a thorough description of three generations of electric buses. It presents the most important technologies influencing the performance of each generation. Conducted in a continuous research and development activities result in expanding the autonomy of the next generations. Ursus company also develops technology for rapid maintenance-free charging systems for electric buses using the pantograph. In the article there was presented a comparison of selected parameters of each generation of electric buses. Article ends with the review of their advantages and disadvantages compared to the conventional power drivetrains based on Diesel engines.

scholarly journals The Application of Third Generation Semiconductor in Power Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Yuqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Made In

With the rapid development of technologies, the third generation semiconductor is being studied, as it is leading to the significant change in industry like the manufacture of PC, mobile devices, lighting etc. Till now, due to its irreplaceable physical characteristics, third generation semiconductor is applied to lots of fields. This paper analyzes the application of third generation semiconductor, namely, GaN and SiC. Their characteristics including advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed through reviewing the result of relevant researches. Meanwhile, comparison between the third generation semiconductors and the second as well as the first generation semiconductors is made in this paper. Through the comparison of physical characteristics, recent marketing, production and limitations, the advantages and disadvantages of each semiconductor is analyzed and the suggestion of how to avoid the disadvantage through application is proposed. At last, the future development is predicted. According to the analysis result of this paper, silicon poses more merits. Silicon is not only cheaper but also performs better making it a preference of GaAs, and GaN in the domain of IC. The second generation semiconductor, GaAs, is widely used in the circuits and photoelectric integration. Furthermore, the third semiconductor material GaN is a promising material for power switching and communication and has the great possibility to play a crucial role in market.

Isotopic-geochemical features of water-rock system by the example of Verkh-Tarskoe oil field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila G. Vakulenko ◽  
◽  
Dmitry A. Novikov ◽  
Ostap D. Nikolenko ◽  
Fedor F. Dultsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Rock System ◽  
Authigenic Minerals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Aquifer Complex ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The first data of a comprehensive study of the isotope-geochemical features of the water-rock system are presented on the example of the Yu 1 horizon of the Verkh-Tarsk oil field. It was established that the reservoir waters of the developed deposits are similar in the isotopic ratios and located in the same area with the waters of the Apt-Alb-Cenomanian aquifer complex (an agent for flooding). In the cement of silt-sandy rocks among the authigenic minerals most widely represented by calcite, three generations of it were established. A narrow range of δ 13 C values was revealed in the analysis of the δ 13 C - δ 18 О isotope pair. In waters it ranges from -10.5 to -9.1 ‰, and in calcites of the third generation from -10.7 to -9.1 ‰.

scholarly journals ReLEx® SMILE® – the third generation of laser eye surgery

The Eye ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4(132)) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Lenticule Extraction

ReLEx® (Refractive lenticule extraction) SMILE® (SMall Incision Lenticula Extraction) is the third generation of laser eye surgery, which is a follow-on to PRK (the first generation) and LASIK (the second generation). This technology has expanded the possibilities for the comfort and safety of the procedure, reduced the requirements for the thickness of the cornea, and made it extremely comfortable for the patient. SMILE® method helps improve vision in case of myopia, myopic and mixed astigmatism. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, its possible risks and side effects. The data represented in this article was obtained by analyzing scientific publications and practical expertise.

scholarly journals GENERATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF IT OUTSOURCING IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Jolanta Słoniec ◽  
Anna Kaczorowska ◽  
Sabina Motyka
Keyword(s):  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

The paper presents a study on the development of IT outsourcing (ITO) in large organizations in Poland. Based on the generations of outsourcing development presented in the literature, an attempt was made to develop the generation of IT outsourcing. Three generations of ITO development have been identified. The main research assumption was formulated as follows: The development of the ITO industry is carried out in accordance with the generation order of ITO development. Three detailed assumptions were also formulated. Each of them was referred to activities and functions included in individual generations. In order to address the assumptions, questionnaire surveys of ITO companies were carried out. Our own studies and analyses made it possible to confirm the adopted main and detailed assumptions. Confirmation of the ITO development in line with the ITO generations testifies to the harmonious development of the industry. Possible directions for further research concern new forms of ITO services related to the third generation of the ITO field development.

Toughening Methods for Thermoset-Matrix Composites

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-191
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Novel Design

Abstract The second-generation composite materials were added to increase the strain to failure of the primary phase and/or create a dispersed second phase, thereby enhancing the fracture toughness of the thermosetting matrix. These matrices offered novel design capabilities for composites in a variety of aircraft applications. To improve the damage tolerance of composite materials even further, an engineering approach to toughening was used to modify the highly stressed interlayer with either a tougher material or through the use of preformed particles, leading to the third generation of composite materials. This chapter discusses the development, processes, application, advantages, and disadvantages of dispersed-phase toughening of thermoset matrices. Information on the processes of particle interlayer toughening of composite materials is also included.

Reproductive System State among Generations of Male Rats, Obtained from Irradiated Parents and Subjected to Electromagnetic Interference from Mobile Phone (1745 MHz)

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Григорьев ◽  
Yuriy Grigor'ev ◽  
Н. Чуешова ◽  
N. Chueshova ◽  
Г. Верещако ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa

Purpose: To study the condition of the reproductive system of the male rats at three generations (F1–F3) received from irradiated parents and who were exposed daily to the mobile phone (1745 MHz, 8 hours/day) until reaching the age of 6 months. Material and methods: The white rats aged 52–54 days were subjected to electromagnetic exposure from the mobile phone (1745 MHz, 8 hours/day, power density 0.2–20 μW/cm2, x = 7.5±0.3 μW/cm2) for 90 days. The irradiated males and females were then mated in a 1:2 ratio. The females throughout the gestation period (20–21 days) and the offspring (F1) obtained from them continued to be irradiated under the above-mentioned regimen until reaching the age of 6 months. The animals of the 1st generation (males and females) at the age of 4 months mated for the generation of the second generation, and from them in the same way received the offspring of the third generation. The state of the reproductive system of male rats of 3 generations was evaluated at the age of 2, 4 and 6 months. Results: It is established that birth rate at the irradiated animals of three generations authentically falls. This posterity from 8 females makes 53, 86 and 45 % respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation of the control group. The electromagnetic effect affected the weight of the testicles and epididymis of rats of three generations, mainly at the age of 4 and 6 months. The mass of testicles increased at animals of the 3 generation at the age of 4 months and at animals of the 3rd generation at the age of 6 months. The mass of epididymis generally increases at animals of 4 months of the F1–F3, but at the age of 6 months in the 1st generation falls, and correlates with a decrease in the number of epididymal spermatozoa. There is also a decrease in the absolute and relative mass of seminal vesicles in irradiated animals of three generations at the age of 2 months. At exposed animals of 3 generations of 2 months there are no significant deviations in the process of spermatogenesis, however at the age of 4 and 6 months there are significant violations of the number of spermatids of different types. In male rats of the 1st generation at the age of 2 and 6 months exposed to EMP in the prenatal and postnatal periods and obtained from irradiated parents, a drop in the number of epididymal spermatozoa is observed, while in the irradiated animals of the 2nd and 3rd generation at the age of 2 months, there is a marked increase in the number of these cells. Their viability is reduced in all age groups (2, 4 and 6 months), which is statistically significant at the age of 2 and 4 months of animals of the 1st generation. In male rats of 1–3 generations at the age of 2 months and in 4 months 2nd generation, there was a significant decreased the concentration of testosterone in the blood serum by 65.8, 43.6, 82.8 and 93.4 %, respectively. Conclusions: The long-term effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation from the mobile phone on the body of rats of males and females, leads to a decrease in the birth rate of irradiated animals, which reaches 45 % in the third generation. Significant changes in the studied indicators of the reproductive system of male rats of three generations are revealed, which is reflected in a decrease in the number of epididymal spermatozoa in the 1st generation and in a significant increase in the 2nd and 3rd generation – early puberty, in the fall of their viability and the predominant decrease in the concentration of testosterone in the blood serum.

Chronologic changes in the clinicopathologic findings and survival of gastric cancer patients.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3471-3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kitamura ◽  
T Yamaguchi ◽  
K Sawai ◽  
S Nishida ◽  
K Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Clinicopathologic Findings ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
Postoperative Survival Rate

PURPOSE To determine the chronologic changes in the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinicopathologic findings of 1,795 patients with gastric cancer were examined retrospectively from hospital records obtained between 1969 and 1995. The patients were divided into three generations on the basis of chronologic order. The first generation included patients treated over the period 1969 to 1977; the second generation, 1978 to 1986; and the third generation, 1987 to 1995. RESULTS The chronologic changes in the clinicopathologic findings for all gastric cancers included increases in the superficial type based on macroscopic appearance (P < .005), small-sized tumor (P < .025), superficial depth of invasion (P < .005), and earlier histologic stages (P < .005), in addition to a decrease in lymph node metastasis (P < .005). Overall, the postoperative survival rate has improved over time in gastric cancer patients, with 5-year survival rates of 36.0%, 53.3%, and 68.6% in the first, second, and third generations, respectively. In stages 1,2, and 3, the survival rate in the third generation was the highest of the three generations, whereas in stage 4, the survival rate did not differ between the three generations. Patients who underwent a D2 dissection showed a higher survival rate than those with D1 or D3 dissections, but there was no statistical difference in the survival of patients with D1, D2, and D3 dissections when stage 4 patients were excluded. CONCLUSION The chronologic changes in gastric cancer patients over the past 27 years have included an increase in the incidence of earlier-staged gastric cancers, which has had a significant impact on the improved postoperative survival rate.

Research on Wool Improvements in Modern Shanxi

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 535-538
Author(s):  
Ai Li Xiao ◽  
Xing Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Impurity Content ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations

This article researched on wool improvements in Modern Shanxi, compared the qualities of Merino wool, Shanxi wool and three generations of hybrids wool. It made a comprehensive analysis on wool fineness, wool length, crimp contraction, impurity content, grease content, wool color and etc. The results showed that after the three times’ hybridization, the wool qualities had great improvements, the third generation hybrid’s wool qualities were close to the Merino wool. The wool length was 0.023mm, the percent of fine wool was 100%, the crimp contraction in 3cm length was 15~21, the average wool length was 11.2cm, impurity content was 13.9%, grease content was 25.6%.

scholarly journals In Search for Canon of Singapore Malay Poetry: Reflection on Nature, Race, Religion and Love

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Hadijah Rahmat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Early Attempt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
British Colonial

This paper discusses selected poems by three generations of Malay writers in Singapore from the first generation poets who received their vernicular education during British colonial period, before Malayan Independence in 1957; to second generation writers who received Malay education when Singapore was part of Malaysia, 1957-1965 who established their poems in 1970s; and the third generation writers who received bilingual education who began to make impacts when Singapore become a Republic in 1980s. These iconic poems embody the easthetic as well as the cultural and political values of Malay society. It is an early attempt to define and search for canon of Singapore Malay poetry. Keywords: literature, canon, poetry, Singapore, culture, identity, values

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