CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYTOPLANKTON DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE CASPIAN IN SUMMER PERIOD
The article highlights the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of phytoplankton organisms in the water area of the Middle Caspian Sea studied by sections: the city of Makhachkala-cape Sagyndyk, the city of Derbent - cape Sandy, Divichi village - Kenderli bay in 2019-2020. The saprobity index and the corresponding saprobity zone of the studied areas have been determined. It has been found that the dominant group was presented by diatoms (43% of the total com-position). The subdominants were dinophytic algae. The basis of the ecological complex of 2019-2020 was made up of representatives of freshwater groups of algae. Only on the section of Divichi village - Kenderli bay there dominated the species of marine origin. Quantitative indicators of phy-toplankton, both in the Middle Caspian as a whole and by sections, in 2020 decreased compared to the previous year. The general part of the biomass was formed by a large diatom Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and representatives of the group of dinophytic algae. The leading role in the abundance figures of the Middle Caspian in 2020 was played by small-cell phytoplankton, mainly from diatoms - Thalassiosira hustedtii, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Aulacoseira granulate, species of the genus Fragilaria. The highest quantitative indicators of 2020 were noted in the section of the city of Makhachkala-cape Sagyndyk in the productive layer of 0-25 m. In 2019-2020, the saprobiological state of the waters of the Middle Caspian was characterized as moderately polluted