TCAD Modeling of Nanoscale Bulk FinFET Structures with Account of Radiation Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-386
Author(s):  
K.O. Petrosyants ◽  
◽  
D.S. Silkin ◽  
D.A. Popov ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Range ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Topological Parameters ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Effective Mobility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Radiation Type

Transition from planar MOSFET structures to FinFET 3D structures ensures various radiation type resistance. However, the characteristics of radiation-exposed devices made at different factories vary considerably and it is hard to explain FinFET structures’ radiation resistance dependence on variations of their physical and topological parameters and electrical modes. In this work, a RAD-TCAD model of FinFET on bulk silicon was developed. Additional semi-empirical radiation dependences specific to FinFET structures were introduced into the basic model of a nanometer MOSFET: the charge carrier effective mobility, the traps concentration in the SiO2 and HfO2 oxides and at the Si / SiO2 interface. The model was implemented in the Sen-taurus Synopsys TCAD environment. The model was validated on a test set of FinFET structures with a channel length from 60 nm to 7 nm before and after exposure to gamma irradiation in the dose range up to 1 Mrad. Comparison of the modeled and experimental I-V characteristics has shown an error of no more than 15 %.

scholarly journals A high-resolution free-surface model of the Mediterranean Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tonani ◽  
N. Pinardi ◽  
S. Dobricic ◽  
I. Pujol ◽  
C. Fratianni
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Argo Data ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. This study describes a new model implementation for the Mediterranean Sea with what is currently the highest vertical resolution over the Mediterranean basin. The resolution is of 1/16°×1/16° in the horizontal and has 72 unevenly spaced vertical levels. This model has been developed in the frame of the EU-MFSTEP project and is the operational forecast model currently used at the basin scale. The model considers an implicit free surface and this characteristic enhances the model's capability to simulate the sea surface height variability and the net transport at the Strait of Gibraltar. In this study we show the calibration/validation experiments performed before and after the model was used for forecasting. The first experiment consists of a six-year simulation forced by a perpetual year forcing, and the other experiment is a simulation from January 1997 to December 2004, forcing the model with 6-h atmospheric forcing fields from ECMWF. The model Sea Level Anomaly has been compared for the first time with satellite SLA and with ARGO data to provide evidence of the quality of the simulation. The results show that this model is capable of reproducing most of the variability of the general circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. However, some basic model inadequacies stand out and should be corrected in the near future.

The Response of the Ductus Arteriosus to Prostaglandins

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Coceani ◽  
P. M. Olley
Keyword(s):  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Additional Finding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prostaglandins E

Effects of various prostaglandin types on strips of lamb ductus arteriosus were investigated under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 relaxed markedly the anoxic ductus over a dose range from 10−9 to 10−5 M whereas they had little or no effect on the tissue after exposure to oxygen. This is in contrast to papaverine which relaxed the ductus to a similar degree before and after exposure to oxygen. An additional finding was that prostaglandins E1 and E2 are less active on the anoxic tissue depolarized by excess potassium. The greater effectiveness of prostaglandins on the anoxic ductus suggests a role for these compounds in the regulation of the vessel tone during fetal life.

Personality Traits During Depression and After Clinical Recovery

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Peselow ◽  
Michael P. Sanfilipo ◽  
Ronald R. Fieve ◽  
Gary Gulbenkian
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Characteristic Modes ◽  
Before And After

We investigated whether and how acute depressive symptoms affect the self-report of maladaptive personality traits. Sixty-eight acutely depressed patients underwent the Structured Interview for DSM–III Personality Disorder (SIDP) before and after pharmacological treatment, allowing us to determine whether self-reported maladaptive personality traits are different during depression and after successful clinical recovery. After the initial SIDP administration (during an episode of major depression), patients received desipramine treatment (dose range 150–300 mg/day) over a course of 4–5 weeks before readministration of the SIDP. For those who recovered from their depression (n = 39), cluster III trait scores were significantly lower than those assessed at baseline, and there was a lower frequency of cluster III categorical diagnoses for a personality disorder after treatment than before treatment. Recovered patients also had significantly lower cluster I personality trait scores after treatment as compared with baseline ratings. For those who did not recover from their depression after treatment (n = 29), cluster I trait scores were in fact higher than those measured at baseline, but there were no differences in categorical diagnoses before and after treatment. Cluster II personality traits and categorical diagnoses were not different between those who did and did not recover from their depression. Thus, depression may have a significant effect on the assessment of cluster I and cluster III personality traits. It is possible that cluster I and III ‘personality traits’ may be interwoven with depressive features and therefore subject to state influences, whereas cluster II personality traits may entail enduring, long-term characteristic modes of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

scholarly journals Marginal Adaptation of Implant Prostheses Fabricated by Different Materials in Excessive Crown Height Space Before and After Veneering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safoura Ghodsi ◽  
Marzieh Alikhasi ◽  
Majid Sahebi ◽  
Vahideh Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marginal Discrepancy ◽  
To Receive

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the marginal adaptation of implant-supported three-unit fixed restorations fabricated in excessive crown height by various frameworks namely zirconia, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy, and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) before and after veneering. Materials and Methods: A basic model with two implant fixtures was made to receive posterior three-unit fixed partial dentures (second premolar to second molar) in 15 mm crown height. A total of 30 frameworks were fabricated using Ni-Cr, zirconia, and PEEK (n=10). All specimens were veneered and vertical marginal discrepancy was evaluated before and after veneering using a stereomicroscope (×75). The effect of framework material and veneering on marginal discrepancy was evaluated by repeated-measures and one-way ANOVA, and paired t test (α=0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between the groups (P<0.001) before and after veneering. The vertical marginal discrepancy of zirconia frameworks was significantly lower than that of other groups both before and after veneering (P<0.001). Statistical analysis revealed that the veneering process had a significant effect on marginal adaptation (P<0.001). Conclusion: In implant prostheses with excessive crown height, zirconia had the greatest marginal adaptaion significantly, followed by Ni-Cr. Veneering caused a significant increase in marginal discrepancy of all the materials.

Surface Mobilities in Laser-Processed Polysilicon Films

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Frye ◽  
K. K. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
Surface Mobility ◽  
Spatial Nonuniformity ◽  
Polysilicon Films ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTSurface mobilities in laser-processed polysilicon films were measured using silicon-gate n-channel thin-film transistors of varying dimensions. The apparent surface mobility inferred from transconductance measurements was found to be a decreasing function of channel length. For very short (~0.3/µm) channels, this mobility approaches the surface mobility of identical devices fabricated on bulk silicon. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the surface mobilities in polycrystalline and bulk films was found to be identical.A novel EBIC technique was employed to examine the surface potential of transistors in operation. These measurements indicate a high degree of spatial nonuniformity in the inversion layer of polycrystalline films arising from the grain boundary region. A simple model of the transistors is presented which explains the geometry dependent surface mobility and its temperature dependence.

Circulating angiotensin II and drinking behavior in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R531-R538 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Pawloski ◽  
G. D. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After

This study was designed to investigate the effects on water drinking of acute and chronic increases in circulating angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations in rats. Experiments were conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically instrumented with femoral arterial and venous catheters and permanently housed in metal metabolism cages. ANG II was infused intravenously either acutely (30 min-2 h) or chronically (3 days) in a dose range of 10-60 ng/min. In no instance did such infusions cause a statistically significant increase in water intake. Other experiments examined the influence of ANG II (10 ng/min iv) on drinking elicited by infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride (1.5 M at 3.5 microliters/min). ANG II administration did not increase drinking to a hypertonic saline stimulus or lower the osmotic threshold for drinking. Nitroprusside (12 micrograms/min) was infused for 30 min to produce hypotension and drinking. Water intake associated with this stimulus was not changed by blocking ANG II formation with enalapril (2 mg/kg iv) or by concomitant infusion of ANG II (10 ng/min iv). Finally, plasma ANG II concentrations were measured before and after 1-h intravenous infusion of saline or ANG II to determine the levels of circulating ANG II produced by the infusion rates used here. It is concluded that the range of circulating ANG II concentrations found under most physiological conditions in rats does not directly stimulate drinking or participate importantly in osmotic or hypotension-induced drinking.

scholarly journals Bioequivalence and Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Two Forms of Antibiotic, Cefuroxime Lysine and Cefuroxime Sodium, after Intravenous Infusion in Beagle Dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longshan Zhao ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
Ran Yin ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Significant Difference

To investigate the bioequivalence and the population pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime lysine and cefuroxime sodium in healthy beagle dogs. A randomized 2-period crossover design in 18 healthy beagle dogs after receiving 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of cefuroxime lysine or cefuroxime sodium was conducted. A 3-compartment open model was used as the basic model for the population pharmacokinetic study. Both of the antibiotics exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics over the dose range of 20–80 mg/kg. The mean relative bioavailability of cefuroxime lysine versus cefuroxime sodium was 1.05 (range, 0.71 to 1.42), with a significant difference between males and females. The estimates of population pharmacokinetic of CL,V1,Q2,V2,Q3,V3were 3.74 mL/h, 1.70 mL, 29.5 mL/min, 3.58 mL, 0.31 mL/min, and 158 mL for cefuroxime lysine and 4.10 mL/h, 1.00 mL, 38.5 mL/min, 4.19 mL, 0.06 mL/min, and 13.6 mL for cefuroxime sodium, respectively. The inter-individual variability was determined to be less than 29.1%. A linear pharmacokinetic was revealed for cefuroxime lysine and cefuroxime sodium in dogs after intravenous infusion, and the bioequivalence of these forms of the antibiotic was observed with the significant gender-related differences in mean relative bioavailability of cefuroxime lysine versus cefuroxime sodium.

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