scholarly journals THE HISTORY AND TRANSFORMATION OF PERAK MALAY TRADITIONAL HOUSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Sabrizaa Rashid ◽  
Nurfaisal Baharuddin ◽  
Kartina Alauddin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Architectural Transformation ◽  
Roof Design ◽  
Over Time

Apart from shelter, traditional houses were built to accommodate the spiritual factors such as religious, cultural values and way of life. Thus, it tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural, technological and historical context in which it exists. This paper discusses the development of architectural style on the Malay traditional houses in Perak. It is based on data collectively gathered from KUTAI researchers conducted since 1997. More than 400 houses were observed. Architectural transformation found in the roof design, spatial organization, architectural elements and decorative elements within the period of 150 years. Findings of this study strengthening and establish the Perak Malay architectural style.

Liberating Afghan Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Afghan Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
Policy Priority

Public opinion in the United States and elsewhere celebrated the liberation of Afghan women following the defeat of the Taliban government. The United States promised to stay in Afghanistan and foster security, economic development, and human rights for all, especially women. After years of funding various anti- Soviet Mujahidin warlords, the United States had agreed to help reconstruct the country once before in 1992, when the Soviet-backed government fell, but had lost interest when the warlords began to fight among themselves. This time, however, it was going to be different. To date, however, conditions have not improved for most Afghan women and reconstruction has barely begun. How did this happen? This article explores media presentations of Afghan women and then compares them with recent reports from human rights organizations and other eyewitness accounts. It argues that the media depictions were built on earlier conceptions of Muslim societies and allowed us to adopt a romantic view that disguised or covered up the more complex historical context of Afghan history and American involvement in it. We allowed ourselves to believe that Afghans were exotic characters who were modernizing or progressing toward a western way of life, despite the temporary setback imposed by the Taliban government. In Afghanistan, however, there was a new trope: the feminist Afghan woman activist. Images of prominent Afghan women sans burqa were much favored by the mass media and American policymakers. The result, however, was not a new focus on funding feminist political organizations or making women’s rights a foreign policy priority; rather, it was an unwillingness to fulfill obligations incurred during decades of American-funded mujahidin warfare, to face the existence of deteriorating conditions for women, resumed opium cultivation, and a resurgent Taliban, or to commit to a multilateral approach that would bring in the funds and expertise needed to sustain a long-term process of reconstruction.

“With God’s help, act in favor of Ukraine”: unknown letters of Fedir Ernst to Adelaida Artiukhova (1927–1929)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-30
Author(s):  
O.V. Pryn
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Central State ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Museum Exhibitions ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
State Archives

In the article, the author studies the correspondence of F. Ernst and A. Artiukhova. The found complex of letters covers the chronological period from 28.09.1927 to 01.12.1929 and belongs to the time of their joint work in Taras Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical Museum. F. Ernst was a head of art department of the museum then, and A. Artiukhova worked as an assistant from 1927. Simultaneously with working in the museum, from 1926 F. Ernst worked as Kyiv krai inspector for protection of cultural heritage, and from 1929 he was the member of Parity Commission for Cultural Valuables Exchange between RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR. The letters, found in Central State Archives of Public Organizations in Ukraine in fund 263 “Individuals repressed by GPU-NKVD-KGB during the 1920–1950s in Kyiv and Kyiv region” in the archival investigative case No. 64684 FP, and were the evidence in the case of accusation of Adelaida Artiukhova of “counter-revolutionary nationalist activity”. All the charges were reduced to a personal acquaintance with F. Ernst, who was already deported at that time. The found archival sources allow to reconstruct in more detail the biography of Adelaida Volodymyrivna Artiukhova and her personal contribution to the replenishment of the art collection of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum. A. Artiukhova was born in 1902 in the city of Kyiv. In 1920–1923, she studied at the Kyiv Institute of Public Education and the Kyiv Archaeological Institute. In 1924, she began working at the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum (UHM) in Kyiv as a laboratory assistant of the art department. During 1927-1929, together with F. Ernst, she was returning cultural values from the museums of the Russian Federation, replenishing the UHM collection, and for this purpose often visited the museums of Moscow and Leningrad, studying their collections and museum work in general. The texts of the letters are published without any reductions. Phonetic and orthographic features of the document language are preserved. The letters give an opportunity to immerse in the historical context of the museum life of one of the leading museums of Ukraine, to study into inter-museum cooperation, etc. F. Ernst’s epistolary reveals the contact points of the researchers, shows their friendly style of communication and the topics they discussed. Throughout the correspondence, there are three main topics: the activity of the art department of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum (exhibitions and collections), cooperation and return of paintings from Russian museums, and everyday life (rest of the scholars in the Crimea and Odessa). All letters are very informative; they show the internal activities of the art department of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum: replenishment of the collection, exhibiting activity, scholarly contacts. The letters reveal the complex inter-museum relations of UHM with Russian museums and the role of personal contacts of scholars. It was found out that A. Artiukhova, who used F. Ernst’s personal connections and acquaintances for the benefit of the museum, had a significant influence on the implementation of the large replenishment of UHM.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALAY TRADITIONAL HOUSES THROUGH DECORATIVE ELEMENTS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PERAK LIMAS' HOUSE (PLH) AND JOHOR LIMAS' HOUSE (JLH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Sabrizaa Rashid ◽  
Nurfaisal Baharuddin ◽  
Kartina Alauddin ◽  
Kartina Alauddin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Construction Method ◽  
Organization Construction ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
Roof Design

Malay Traditional houses were classified based on roof design, spatial organization, construction method, geographical setting and decorative elements particularly at every state in Malaysia. This article analyzes decorative elements on the traditional Malay houses in two states; Perak Limas' House (PLH) in Perak and Johor Limas' House (JLH) in Johor. The research aim is to establish the architectural characteristics of both PLH and JLH. This can be achieved by identifying the existence of decorative elements and carrying out a comparative study on both PLH and JLH on the decorative elements as the main architectural characteristic. Twenty-five of PLH and JLH were selected for the study.  The study found similarities and dissimilarities that contribute to the extension of aesthetical theory of the Malay traditional house in Malaysia. The findings established the architectural attributes of traditional houses in Perak and Johor through decorative elements.

scholarly journals The educational-mystical role of intermediate centers (Ribat) along the Silk Road from China to Iran El rol educativo-místico de los centros intermedios (Ribats) a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda de China a Irán

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Maedeh Karimyan
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Mystical Literature ◽  
The Silk Road ◽  
Over Time

The silk road path to the northern part from China to Europe and from southern paths to lateral paths of Iran- Mesopotamia to Antioch and Mediterranean, had been the place of construction the historical monuments and works such as castles, towers, mills, graves, and intercity Ribats. Sufi Ribats as the mystical orientation and educational centers had a special place in the Silk Road, these intermediate buildings are buildings that functioned militarily in the first centuries of Islam (8th, 9th, and 10th centuries AD), and over time have been used to mean monasteries. The architectural style of the Ribats was similar to that of a military castle, and most of them consisted of a rectangular building with four watchtowers. Examining the Ribats of the Silk Road, it will become clear that the architectural form and plan of the Ribats are very similar to those of religious schools and Caravanserais. The Sufi historians and researchers have recorded many reports over these Ribats, have investigated the introduction, application, and position of Ribats in detail and have left fairly invaluable information to the futures. In this regard, the historical books and Sufi educational books and mystical literature are endowed with reports over intra-city and intercity Ribats built mainly on the way of main paths, particularly the main path of the Silk Road and its lateral ways. In this article, these Ribats have been described in detail as well as their role on the Silk Road.

scholarly journals Abstraction the architectural heritage of contemporary local architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sura Kassim Ameen ◽  
Ibrahim Jawad Al-yusif ◽  
Ali Musa Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

Abstraction is used in architectural and interior design and is based on abstraction with formal values, taking into account the functional aspect of architecture. Architectural heritage represents the cultural value that directly affects successive generations, and embodies cultural values to reflect the social, economic and political aspect that contributes to the advancement of human civilization, and architectural heritage is the basis of architectural thought in societies that have unity. Cultural. He found that the concept of the philosophy of abstraction has multiple views, whether Western and local and dependent on the nature of cultural, social and environmental thought, and for this the aim of the research was to activate the role of the philosophy of abstraction in the formal formations of both the vocabulary of heritage architecture and contemporary architecture by architectural elements, Analysis of international, Arab and local architectural productions, to reach a conscious understanding of the philosophy and thought of abstraction in contemporary heritage architecture, and its spiritual values to reach the essence of things. The practical study was the analysis of Western and Arab and local projects with heritage architectural values and a practical study compared to them to see which architectural outputs were able to generate heritage values stable from its past in abstract geometric forms reflecting different ideas

scholarly journals Contexto histórico da recuperação anestésica

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Cristina Silva Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Anesthesia Recovery Period ◽  
Perioperative Nursing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever os aspectos históricos da recuperação anestésica evidenciados nas publicações. Método: investigação histórico-social, exploratória e descritiva, com base nas publicações e legislações pertinentes ao exercício da enfermagem no Brasil, representando, dessa forma, o contexto histórico da recuperação anestésica para o reconhecimento e valorização da enfermagem perioperatória. Resultados: nesta evolução histórica, a enfermagem da recuperação anestésica construiu um caminho permeado pelo enfoque técnico, necessidade de assistência individualizada e área crítica com busca de conhecimento científico e processos de acreditação hospitalar para segurança do paciente. No Brasil, iniciada apenas em 1980, a recuperação anestésica dos anos 2000 tem sido baseada na assistência sistematizada, permeada por ações de segurança do paciente em busca de melhor capacitação da equipe. Conclusão: há um movimento da enfermagem brasileira na assistência da recuperação anestésica e aprimoramento destas ações com o decorrer do tempo. Descritores: Enfermagem em Pós-Anestésico; Período de Recuperação da Anestesia; História da Enfermagem; Enfermagem Perioperatória.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the historical aspects of anesthesia recovery evidenced in the publications. Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive historical-social research, based on the publications and legislation about nursing practice in Brazil, representing the historical context of the anesthetic recovery for the recognition and valuation of perioperative nursing. Results: In this historical evolution, the nursing of the anesthetic recovery built a path permeated by the technical approach, need for individualized assistance and critical area, with a search of scientific knowledge and hospital accreditation processes for patient safety. In Brazil, initiated only in 1980, the anesthetic recovery of the 2000s has been based on systematized assistance, permeated by patient safety actions in search of better team training. Conclusion: there is a movement of the Brazilian nursing with the assistance of the anesthetic recovery and improvement of these actions over time. Descriptors: Post-Anesthesia Nursing, Anesthesia Recovery Period, History of Nursing, Perioperative Nursing.RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los aspectos históricos de la recuperación anestésica evidenciados en las publicaciones. Método: investigación histórico-social, exploratoria y descriptiva, con base en las publicaciones y legislaciones pertinentes al ejercicio de la enfermería en Brasil, representando de esa forma el contexto histórico de la recuperación anestésica para el reconocimiento y valorización de enfermería peri-operatoria. Resultados: en esta evolución histórica, la enfermería de la recuperación anestésica construye un camino lleno de un enfoque técnico, necesidad de asistencia individualizada y área crítica, con busca de conocimiento científico y procesos de acreditación hospitalaria para seguridad del paciente. En Brasil, iniciada apenas en 1980, la recuperación anestésica de los años 2000 ha sido basada en la asistencia sistematizada, permeada por acciones de seguridad del paciente en busca de mejor capacitación del equipo. Conclusión: hay un movimiento de la enfermería brasilera en la asistencia de la recuperación anestésica, y mejoramiento de estas acciones con el curso del tiempo. Descriptores: Enfermería Pos anestésica, Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia, Historia de la Enfermería, Enfermería Peroperatoria.

scholarly journals The Twilight of the Polls? A Review of Trends in Polling Accuracy and the Causes of Polling Misses

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Prosser ◽  
Jonathan Mellon
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
High Profile ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vote Intention ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Over Time

Polls have had a number of high-profile misses in recent elections. We review the current polling environment, the performance of polls in a historical context, the mechanisms of polling error, and the causes of several recent misses in Britain and the US. Contrary to conventional wisdom, polling errors have been constant over time, although the level of error has always been substantially beyond that implied by stated margins of error. Generally, there is little evidence that voters lying about their vote intention (so-called ‘shy’ voters) is a substantial cause of polling error. Instead, polling errors have most commonly resulted from problems with representative samples and weighting, undecided voters breaking in one direction, and to a lesser extent late swings and turnout models. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for polling both in terms of fixing the problems identified and new approaches to understanding public opinion.

Kainar: A Late 18th to Early 20th Century Ritual and Housing Complex in the Northern Ustyurt

2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
S. E. Azhigali ◽  
L. R. Turganbayeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
Housing Complex

This is the fi rst description of a key Kazakh recent permanent settlement at Donyztau, in the northern Ustyurt. Such sites, evidencing major historical processes during the transition of nomadic pastoralists to a semi-sedentary lifestyle (mid-19th to early 20th century), are known as “ritual and housing complexes” (RHC). Kainar, a highly representative site, is viewed as a socio-cultural phenomenon and an integral architectural and landscape ensemble. The excavation history of RHCs in the Donyztau area and their evolution are discussed, and the role of ascetics such as Doszhan-Ishan Kashakuly is described. We highlight separate parts of the complex (the settlement and cemetery) and their elements. The architecture of the RHC is reconstructed with regard to structure, function, and continuity with the landscape. The layout of the site as a whole and of the madrasah with its typical elements are compared with those of similar sites in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. A reconstruction of the complex is proposed and the function of public halls is interpreted. The role of the cemetery and of its parts in the structure of the RHC is evaluated; the evolution of its spatial organization is traced. Types of memorial complexes are listed in terms of harmony with the landscape, archaic beliefs, architecture, and style, specifi cally stone carving. The historical and cultural signifi cance of Kainar as a source of knowledge about the transition to a semi-sedentary way of life and the Islamization of the steppe is discussed.

A brief history of suicidal behaviour

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Navneet Kapur ◽  
Robert Goldney
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter places suicide and suicidal behaviour in a European historical context. Although suicide has been documented throughout history, its meaning and functions have varied over time. In the Middle Ages, suicide was regarded as sinful but, subsequently, was conceptualized in terms of social influences or mental illness. Systematic research into suicidal behaviour has been undertaken for more than two centuries. The contributions of Morselli, using statistical and epidemiological techniques, were particularly notable. Many of the accepted social and psychiatric antecedents of suicide we talk about today were well described by the nineteenth century.

The Dynamics of Acculturation Among Older Immigrants in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-441
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Sharon Dane ◽  
Cindy Gallois ◽  
Catherine Haslam ◽  
Tran Le Nghi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Acculturation Strategies ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Over Time

This study explores different acculturation pathways that older immigrants follow, and the social/cultural identities they claim (or do not claim), as they live and age in Australia. Data were collected from 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with older immigrants (65+ years) from nine cultural backgrounds. We used participants’ self-defined cultural identity to explore how these cultural identities were enacted in different contexts. Mapping self-defined cultural identity with narratives about what participants do in relation to ethnic and host cultures, we found three dynamic acculturation pathways: (a) identifying with the ethnic culture while embracing aspects of Australian culture, (b) identifying with Australian culture while participating in the ethnic culture, and (c) identifying with both cultures while maintaining the way of life of the ethnic culture. These pathways show that acculturation strategies are not necessarily consistent with self-defined identity, within the same individual or over time. Rather, the participants’ narratives suggest that their life in the settlement country involves ongoing negotiation across people, culture, and relationships. The findings highlight the importance for acculturation research to be situated in the context in which immigrants find themselves, to capture the nuances of these dynamic acculturation experiences.

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