scholarly journals Analyse der Methoden zur Aufwand- und Kostenschätzung eingesetzt in IT-Projekten

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Alexandru Drăgan ◽  
Uwe Götze
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Research Results

This paper aims to provide a comparison of different methods for the process of effort and cost estimation used by an IT company in IT-projects. Based on a literature review on the topic of effort estimation methods, the tool for effort and cost estimation operated by project management teams is getting investigated for the purpose of further improvement. The findings obtained are derived and presented to the involved parties as well as to other stakeholders that might benefit from this research results.

Insights on Cost Estimation Methods and its Uses in Software Project Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Aravindhan K
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Cost Estimation Model ◽  
The Cost

Cost estimation of software projects is risky task in project management field. It is a process of predicting the cost and effort required to develop a software applications. Several cost estimation models have been proposed over the last thirty to forty years. Many software companies track and analyse the current project by measuring the planed cost and estimate the accuracy. If the estimation is not proper then it leads to the failure of the project. One of the challenging tasks in project management is how to evaluate the different cost estimation and selecting the proper model for the current project. This paper summarizes the different cost estimation model and its techniques. It also provides the proper model selection for the different types of the projects.

scholarly journals Enhancing Delphi Method with Algorithmic Estimates for Software Effort Estimation: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
Tharwon Arnuphaptrairong
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Method ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Delphi Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Effort Estimation ◽  
Delphi Experiment ◽  
Individual Expert

Literature review shows that more accurate software effort and cost estimation methods are needed for software project management success. Expert judgment and algorithmic model estimation are two predominant methods discussed in the literature. Both are reported almost at the comparable level of accuracy performance. The combination of the two methods is suggested to increase the estimation accuracy. Delphi method is an encouraging structured expert judgment method for software effort group estimation but surprisingly little was reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to test if the Delphi estimates will be more accurate if the participants in the Delphi process are exposed to the algorithmic estimates. A Delphi experiment where the participants in the Delphi process were exposed to three algorithmic estimates –Function Points, COCOMO estimates, and Use Case Points, was therefore conducted. The findings show that the Delphi estimates are slightly more accurate than the statistical combination of individual expert estimates, but they are not statistically significant. However, the Delphi estimates are statistically significant more accurate than the individual estimates. The results also show that the Delphi estimates are slightly less optimistic than the statistical combination of individual expert estimates but they are not statistically significant either. The adapted Delphi experiment shows a promising technique for improving the software cost estimation accuracy.

scholarly journals Comparison of research and industry views on project managers’ competencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Moradi ◽  
Kalle Kähkönen ◽  
Kirsi Aaltonen
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review

Purpose The success of projects clearly relies on project management personnel and particularly on project managers. Their performance and capacities are based on the achieved competencies. The purpose of this paper is to address possible discrepancies between the views arising from the research results and standards of practice related to project managers’ competencies. Design/methodology/approach For reaching the aim of the study, a comprehensive literature review, covering previous studies and related standards of practice was conducted, and analyses of competencies in the studies and standards of practice containing the rank of competencies based on frequency of appearance were developed. Findings The findings are proposing four discrepancies between the results of previous studies and standards of practice: commonly existing/missing competencies; uneven priority of some competencies in the view of researchers vs standards of practice; uneven degree of consensus on the importance of competencies; and research results are more context-oriented than the standards of practice. In addition, 98 project managers’ competencies were identified, from which 68 were qualified as weighty ones. Moreover, a categorization of project managers’ weighty competencies was developed. Finally, a list of competencies of relevance for different project types and their targets is presented. Originality/value The findings of this study provide a contribution with respect of present knowledge over project managers’ competencies by recognizing certain discrepancies between research results and standards of practice. Another contribution of the study is the comprehensive list of competencies together with considerations of their relevance in different project contexts and in different project types.

Cost Estimation Methods in Quality Management and Continuous Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Pdca Cycle ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Cost

This paper investigated cost estimation methods and continuous improvement in terms of project management planning, as well as the factors that influenced these actions. Estimating the cost was one of the most imperative tasks to be done by the managers for a project. Key factors, such as cost, size, schedule, quality, people resources, maintenance costs, and complexity, were usually estimated in the beginning of project development. The techniques used for cost estimation included data composed from past projects that were combined with mathematical formulae to get the closest estimation. In regards to continuous improvement, the four-step quality model (PDCA cycle) was used as an ongoing effort to improve products or services. PDCA stands for plan, do, check, and act, which were the steps to successfully implement change. Notably, project management, when tasked with cost estimation and continuous improvement, was challenged to cope with evolving and situational alterations, which required a different set of skills.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

Kesiapan Sekolah Menghadapi OSN Ekonomi SMA Di Kota Padang

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Yuhendri L.V
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
E Learning

The development of information technology has spawned the innovation of learning technology, one of which is the application of E-learning that develops along the paradigm of learning changes. Implementation of E-learning in addition to providing benefits are also still faced with various problems that become challenges in the application of E-learning resulting in a variety of perceptions that develop in society. This article aims to describe the opportunities, challenges, and implementation of E-learning in Indonesia. This paper is a literature review by using relevant sources related to theoretical and empirical reviews of E-learning challenges, opportunities, and implementation. Sources of theoretical reviews use books, other documents on E-learning, while for empirical reviews using research results published in scientific journals.

scholarly journals The New Trend of State Estimation: From Model-Driven to Hybrid-Driven Methods

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2085
Author(s):  
Xue-Bo Jin ◽  
Ruben Jonhson Robert RobertJeremiah ◽  
Ting-Li Su ◽  
Yu-Ting Bai ◽  
Jian-Lei Kong
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
State Estimation ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Model Based

State estimation is widely used in various automated systems, including IoT systems, unmanned systems, robots, etc. In traditional state estimation, measurement data are instantaneous and processed in real time. With modern systems’ development, sensors can obtain more and more signals and store them. Therefore, how to use these measurement big data to improve the performance of state estimation has become a hot research issue in this field. This paper reviews the development of state estimation and future development trends. First, we review the model-based state estimation methods, including the Kalman filter, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), cubature Kalman filter (CKF), etc. Particle filters and Gaussian mixture filters that can handle mixed Gaussian noise are discussed, too. These methods have high requirements for models, while it is not easy to obtain accurate system models in practice. The emergence of robust filters, the interacting multiple model (IMM), and adaptive filters are also mentioned here. Secondly, the current research status of data-driven state estimation methods is introduced based on network learning. Finally, the main research results for hybrid filters obtained in recent years are summarized and discussed, which combine model-based methods and data-driven methods. This paper is based on state estimation research results and provides a more detailed overview of model-driven, data-driven, and hybrid-driven approaches. The main algorithm of each method is provided so that beginners can have a clearer understanding. Additionally, it discusses the future development trends for researchers in state estimation.

scholarly journals Optimized Application of Sustainable Development Strategy in International Engineering Project Management

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1633
Author(s):  
Zhiwu Zhou ◽  
Julián Alcalá ◽  
Víctor Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Management System ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
International Project ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Project Management System

The aim of this paper is to establish an international framework for sustainable project management in engineering, to make up the lack of research in this field, and to propose a scientific theoretical basis for the establishment of a new project management system. The article adopts literature review, mathematical programming algorithm and case study as the research method. The literature review applied the visual clustering research method and analyzed the results of 21-year research in this field. As a result, the project management system was found to have defects and deficiencies. A mathematical model was established to analyze the composition and elements of the optimized international project management system. The case study research selected large bridges for analysis and verified the superiority and practicability of the theoretical system. Thus, the goal of sustainable development of bridges was achieved. The value of this re-search lies in establishing a comprehensive international project management system model; truly integrating sustainable development with project management; providing new research frames and management models to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry.

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