An assessment of physical properties and water holding capacity of soil under different fertilizer applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Afolabi Rodiya ◽  
Daudua Aluyah Okodugha ◽  
Emmanuel Aleonolu Adoga ◽  
Samuel Olaiya ◽  
Michael Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Water Holding

This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti to evaluate the water holding capacities of soil under different fertilizers. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments: control, poultry waste, biochar and urea fertilizer replicated four times were incorporated into the soil and maize seed planted. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Soil samples were analyzed for moisture contents, bulk densities, particle densities and water holding capacities. Maize yield was also analyzed. The result obtained showed a significant (p< 0.05) changes in maize yield for the different fertilizers. It also shows a non-significant (p<0.05) effect on water holding capacities of the soils incorporated with different fertilizers. The study concluded that fertilizers has no effect on the water holding capacity of the soil and that poultry waste amended soil will produce higher yield.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Matter Application on Phosphorus Status in the Calcareous Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Constituents

A field experiment is conducted to study the effect of different levels of peat (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Mg ha-1 to uncropped and cropped soil to wheat. Soil samples are taken in different period of time (0, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after cultivation to determine (NaHCO3-Exteractable P at 3 different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Field Experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety, is cultivated as a testing crop. The entire field is equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions is cultivated to wheat and the second is left uncropped. The effect of five levels of peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1 is investigated. Soils are fully analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples are collected after 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days for determining essential parameters and indicators that reflect the effect of the level of peat applications. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P in uncropped and cropped soils at all depths, markedly decreases with time after peat application which has been attributed to plant uptake and rapid reaction of P with soil constituents. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P with time in soil receiving 50 Mg ha-1 in both uncropped and cropped soil linearly decreases with the time of cultivation

scholarly journals Investigation of rice quality milling in abrasive and blade whiteners in terms of breakage percentage and degree of milling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 198-211
Author(s):  
Mohsen Heidarisoltanabadi ◽  
Hamidreza Salemi ◽  
Behshad Tahani ◽  
Sasan Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Breakage Rate ◽  
Degree Of Milling ◽  
Blade System ◽  
The Mean

Reduction of rice losses is very important. In this study, appropriate moisture contents for milling of three common rice cultivars were determined in abrasive and blade whiteners. To this end, a factorial test based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in two milling systems: abrasive and blade whiteners, on three paddy cultivars: Sorkheh, Sazandegi, and Tarom and at four moisture contents: 8, 10, 12 and 14% (on wet basis). The paddy cultivars were dried and converted into white rice in abrasive and blade systems. In each treatment, the rice-breakage percentage, the DOM, the working capacity and the power consumption of each system were measured. The results showed that cultivar Sorkheh had the lowest rice-breakage rate. In addition, the mean breakage rate and DOM were significantly lower in the abrasive whitener than in the blade whitener. Based on results, most appropriate milling moisture contents for the cultivars Sorkheh, Sazandegi, and Tarom were 10, 12, and 10%, respectively, in the abrasive system, and 10, 12, and 12%, respectively, in the blade system. The working capacity and power consumption in the abrasive system were 1.7 and 3.43 times as much as those in the blade system, respectively.

Assessment of the effect of abattoir effluent on soil properties cultivated with flint maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Abhanzioya M.I ◽  
James T .V
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The assessment of abattoir effluent on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soil cultivated with flint maize was conducted in the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five levels of abattoir effluent (0, 32 x 103, 64 x 10 3, 96 x 103, 128 x 103L/ha) and each was replicated three times. The effluent was collected and analyzed for its chemical properties, the number and types of bacteria and fungi before and at the end of the experiment. Soil samples were collected before planting and at the end of the experiment and analyzed for physicochemical properties as well as the number and types of bacteria and fungi. Maize variety; Samma – 38 was used as a test crop. Results showed that more bacteria and fungi counts were found in the abattoir effluent than in the soil. At 15 weeks after application, the plot treated with 64 x 103 L/ha of abattoir effluent had more bacteria isolated and the least bacteria count. The plot that received the 32 x 103L/ha had the least fungi count. The soil was slightly acidic except for the strongly acidic control. The soil after the applications of abattoir effluent was high in organic matter. Abattoir effluent increased the total N, K, Mg, and Ca with the highest recorded at the applications of 96 x 103L/ha and 128 x 103L/ha. Organisms such as Penicillium and Aspergillus spp were isolated, and these enhanced nitrogen and phosphorous fixation, thereby increasing soil fertility for suitable crop production.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Farmyard Manure and NP Fertilizers Use on Hybrid Maize Yield and Soil Properties in Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Bekele Gemechu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Western Ethiopia

A study was carried out to assess the effect of integrated Farmyard Manure (FYM) and inorganic NP fertilizers use on yield and soil properties in Bako-Tibe district of Oromia, western Ethiopia.  Five treatments  (i.e., 110 kg N ha-1 + 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T1), 12 ton FYM ha-1 (T2) , 55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T3),  27.5kg N ha-1  + 11.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T4) and the control (T5)) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications using  five farmers’ fields. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis was performed to compare treatments advantages.  The treatment with half the recommended NP (55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1) showed superior plant growth performance as compared to other treatments. Pure use of inorganic NP resulted in high Na, K, Ca and P composition of grain while pure FYM use resulted in high content of Mg and Ca composition. The level of P in grain decreased with the increasing of FYM.  Soil fertility parameters considered showed no significance difference (P: 0.05) among the treatments. The mean difference values indicated that use of pure inorganic fertilizer increased soil PH, exchangeable Na, and available S. Use of pure farmyard manure resulted in an increase in the soil exchangeable Na, K, Mg, total Nitrogen, and available K and S. The use of half of the recommended inorganic fertilizer and FYM can enhance soil fertility in addition to yield improvement.  

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION, SOURCES AND LEVELS OF N INCREASE THE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN CERRADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
FLAVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽  
JOÃO PAULO FERREIRA ◽  
MICHELLE TRAETE SABUNDJIAN ◽  
AGUINALDO JOSÉ FREITAS LEAL ◽  
ERIC HAYDT CASTELLO BRANCO VAN CLEEF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation with A. brasilense, sources and levels of sidedress nitrogen (N) on agronomic traits of maize cultivated in two regions of Brazilian Cerrado during the summer season. The experiments were conducted during the 2011/12 growing season in Chapadão do Sul and Selvíria Cities, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme (with and without inoculation with A. brasilense, two sources of N [regular urea and polymer coated urea], and 5 levels of sidedress N [0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha-1], with 4 replicates for each location. The inoculation with A. brasilense, in the absence of sidedress N significantly increased the maize yield cultivated in Selvíria. However, the inoculation showed no effect on maize yield when cultivated in Chapadão do Sul. The polymer coated urea provided greater maize yield cultivated in Chapadão do Sul, however, no difference between sources of urea were observed in Selvíria. The greatest levels of sidedress N, without inoculation with A. brasilense showed the greatest maize yield in both locations.

scholarly journals Effect of row arrangement of common bean with maize intercropping on yield and economic benefit of component crops under Gimbo and Guraferda, Kaffa and Bench Maji zones, South Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M Mogiso ◽  
N Nazib
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The yield advantage obtained due to intercropping is attributed to a better use of resources by crops grown in combinations, as compared to sole stands. Field experiment conducted at Gimbo and Guraferda during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons in order to determine the appropriate intercropping row arrangement on maize-common bean yield and economic advantages of the cropping system. Maize variety BH-540 and common bean variety Hawassa dume were used as test crop. The experiment used four treatments (sole maize, sole common bean, 1:1 maizecommon bean and 1:2 maize-common bean intercropping) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Grain yield of the component crops were significantly varied by locations. The highest maize yield was recorded at Guraferda than Gimbo; whereas, common bean yielded better at Guraferda than at Gimbo. The combined mean grain yield of maize and common bean was significantly (p<0.05) higher for sole stands than intercropping. The highest yield of 6545.7 and 5570.6 kg ha-1 was obtained from sole maize at Guraferda and Gimbo locations, respectively. On the other hand, the highest yield of 3407.2 and 2638.0 kg ha-1 was obtained from growing sole common bean at Gimbo and Guraferda locations, respectively. The yield obtained from 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping was statistically same with sole maize yield at Guraferda. The highest LER of 1.62 and 1.52 with MAI of 15,268.05 and 13.695.90 ETB ha-1 obtained from 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping at Guraferda and Gimbo locations, respectively. Generally, growing 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping found to be more productive and economically profitable than others. Hence, a one row common bean intercropped between the two rows of maize can be recommended in the lowlands of Gimbo and Guraferda areas. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 22-27, June 2020

Effects of varying static and changing moisture contents during incubation on ammonia and nitrate levels in soil

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ekpete ◽  
A. H. Cornfield
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Water Holding

The effects of varying static and changing moisture contents on mineralization of nitrogen after incubation (28° C.) for 3, 6 and 12 weeks were studied.Mineral-nitrogen, accounted for entirely by nitrate, increased with increasing static moisture content up to 40-50% water-holding capacity (W.H.C). With further increasing moisture up to waterlogging, both mineral-nitrogen and nitrate decreased, the latter to negative values, indicating disappearance of nitrate originally present in the soil. Ammonia accumulated only at moisture contents above 50 % W.H.C. and its extent of accumulation increased with moisture content.When soils with moisture contents of 10-50% W.H.C. during an initial 6-week period were changed to waterlogging for a second 6-week period, mineralnitrogen and nitrate accumulation decreased with increasing initial moisture in comparison with soils left at initial moisture contents for the second period.

scholarly journals Water holding properties and soil water types in fine textured Vertisol soils of Thrace region in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Recep Çakir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Membrane Extraction ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Thrace Region

<p>The study was carried out on 16 selected model soil profiles, located on lands covered with soils exhibiting vertic properties in Thrace Region of Turkey. Different horizons and/or sub-horizons of 16 characteristic soil profiles were evaluated in field or laboratory conditions in terms of water holding capacity and water types properties. Total of 105 soil samples were analyzed for routine physical characteristics. Soil water holding capacity was determined applying negative potentials (Ψ) of -0.33 bar, -15.5 bar and -31.5 bar (pF 2.54; 4.2 and 4.5), using a pressure-membrane extraction apparatus. In addition to gravitational, available, unavailable and hygroscopic soil water types, the soil samples were investigated also in terms of crystal-lattice water content. The highest amounts of the listed water types were determined in soils of Büyük Mandira, Türkgeldi and Seymen containing the highest rates of smectite clay mineral. The mass percentage (Pw) rates of the mentioned water types of the investigated profies varied in the ranges of 29.1–66.3%, 10–2.15%, 22.0–32.4%, 6.0–9.0% and 5.6–8.6%, respectively. Though the mass percentages of enumerated water types in the soils of Osmanli and Yeni Mahalle, all owning high sand and lower clay content on the other hand, are between 28.9–40.6%, 6.1–15.5%, 7.4–16.8%, 2.4–4.8% and 1.7–4.4%, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Artificial Detasseling and Defoliation on Maize Seed Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Paulo Czepak ◽  
Marcio Kliemann ◽  
Omar Schmildt ◽  
Rubens Neres Araujo ◽  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of artificial detasseling and defoliation on the production of Pioneer 30F90 simple hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) seeds. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, consisting of seven treatments (Control; detasseling; detasseling + defoliation of the top leaf; detasseling + defoliation of the two upper leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the three upper leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the upper four leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the upper five leaves), with 4 replicates. The plots were composed of 6 spaced rows of 0.90 cm by 6.00 m in length. At the time of the issue of 50% of the tassel were carried out the treatments. For the evaluations the two central lines of each plot were collected, eliminating 1.00 m from each end, totaling a useful area of 7.2 m². At harvest, the crop presented a final stand of 5 plants m² (50000 ha-1). According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the detasseling positively influenced the production components, due to the decrease of the auto-shading. The higher the level of defoliation, the lower the active photosynthetic area of the plant, and consequently the lower the productivity. The most affected production components in defoliation are grain numbers in the row, grain numbers in the ear and weight of 1000 grains. detasseling and defoliation do not interfere with the germination of corn seeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.walp) Genotypes for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Maize-cowpea Crop Rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Simunji Simunji ◽  
Kalaluka L. Munyinda ◽  
Obed I. Lungu ◽  
Alice M. Mweetwa ◽  
Elijah Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
15N Urea ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a major plant nutrient which is most limiting in the soil due to soil losses of mineral nitrogen (N) form. To ensure availability of nitrogen in the soil, the study was conducted to screen four cowpea genotypes for Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) and their contribution to maize yield in maize- cowpea rotation. The cowpea genotypes used were mutants LT11-3-3-12 (LT) and BB14-16-2-2 (BB) and their parental varieties Lutembwe (LTPRT) and Bubebe (BBPRT) respectively. Trials were established at two sites (Chisamba and Batoka) of different soil types. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Labelled 15N urea was applied at 20kgNha-1 on the four cowpea genotypes during 2015/16 growing season. Cowpea plant parts were dried and milled for 15N isotopic analysis. The data collected included Nitrogen content and atom % 15N excess in the fixing cowpea genotypes and non-nitrogen fixing pearl millet to determine total nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (TNdfa) and total nitrogen (TN) in plant parts which were further used to compute Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). The results showed that BNF by cowpea genotypes at Chisamba was 63.9 kg ha-1 and was significantly (P&lt;0.001) more than BNF of 6.6 kgha-1 at Batoka. The LT mutant fixed significantly (P&lt;0.001) higher nitrogen of 86.1 kgha-1 and 16.5kg ha-1 at Chisamba and Batoka respectively than other genotypes. However, both BB and LT mutants significantly fixed more nitrogen than their parents and have demonstrated to increase maize grain yields up-to 12 tha-1 in the maize &ndash; cowpea rotation.

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